叠加采动影响下保留巷道围岩破坏机理及其控制技术
|
摘要
以布尔台煤矿上下煤层叠加采动影响下保留巷道严重变形破坏为工程背景,采用理论分析、现场监测、实验室试验、数值模拟和工业性试验等综合研究方法,从巷道围岩塑性区形成和发展的角度,对巷道围岩破坏特征、采动应力时空演化规律、保留巷道塑性区恶性扩展破坏机理、应力调控围岩控制技术方面进行系统研究。结果表明:上下煤层叠加采动后,保留巷道处于高应力比值带,主应力比值为1.84～2.22,最大主应力与竖直方向夹角为39.7°～41.9°,导致巷道围岩塑性区恶性扩展,顶板破坏深度7.5 m,底板破坏深度4.5 m,煤柱帮破坏深度3 m,煤壁帮破坏深度2.25 m。基于塑性区破坏机理提出应力调控技术,通过改变煤柱尺寸或上下工作面开采布局等手段调控围岩应力,减小围岩塑性破坏范围,并进行工业性试验,取得良好的应用效果。
This study focuses on the serious deformation and failure of reserved roadway affected by superimposed mining of upper and lower coal seams in Buertai coalmine. Comprehensive research methods including theoretical analysis, field monitoring, laboratory test, numerical simulation and industrial test were adopted. From the perspective of formation and development of plastic zone in roadway surrounding rock, the failure characteristics of surrounding rock, the temporal and spatial evolution of mining stress, the failure mechanism of plastic zone malignant extension around reserved roadway,and the surrounding rock control technology by changing stress were systematically investigated. Results showed that: after superimposed mining of upper and lower coal seams, the reserved roadway is in the zone with high stress ratio. The ratio of principal stress is 1.84-2.22. The angle between maximum principal stress and vertical direction is 39.7°-41.9°, which results in plastic zone vicious expansion in the roadway surrounding rock. The depth of roof failure is 7.5 meters. While the depth of floor failure is4.5 meters, the depth of pillar failure is 3 meters, and the depth of wall failure is 2.25 meters, respectively. Stress control technology is put forward based on plastic zone failure mechanism. By changing the size of coal pillar or mining layout of upper and lower working faces, the surrounding rock stress is controlled. Meanwhile, the plastic failure range of surrounding rock reduces. Finally, industrial tests are carried out and shows good application results.
This study focuses on the serious deformation and failure of reserved roadway affected by superimposed mining of upper and lower coal seams in Buertai coalmine. Comprehensive research methods including theoretical analysis, field monitoring, laboratory test, numerical simulation and industrial test were adopted. From the perspective of formation and development of plastic zone in roadway surrounding rock, the failure characteristics of surrounding rock, the temporal and spatial evolution of mining stress, the failure mechanism of plastic zone malignant extension around reserved roadway,and the surrounding rock control technology by changing stress were systematically investigated. Results showed that: after superimposed mining of upper and lower coal seams, the reserved roadway is in the zone with high stress ratio. The ratio of principal stress is 1.84-2.22. The angle between maximum principal stress and vertical direction is 39.7°-41.9°, which results in plastic zone vicious expansion in the roadway surrounding rock. The depth of roof failure is 7.5 meters. While the depth of floor failure is4.5 meters, the depth of pillar failure is 3 meters, and the depth of wall failure is 2.25 meters, respectively. Stress control technology is put forward based on plastic zone failure mechanism. By changing the size of coal pillar or mining layout of upper and lower working faces, the surrounding rock stress is controlled. Meanwhile, the plastic failure range of surrounding rock reduces. Finally, industrial tests are carried out and shows good application results.
引文
[1]赵志强,马念杰,郭晓菲,等.大变形回采巷道蝶叶型冒顶机理与控制[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(12):2932-2939.ZHAO Zhiqiang,MA Nianjie,GUO Xiaofei,et al.Falling principle and support design of butterfly-failure roof in large deformation mining roadways[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(12):2932-2939.
[2]郭晓菲,马念杰,赵希栋,等.圆形巷道围岩塑性区的一般形态及其判定准则[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(8):1871-1877.GUO Xiaofei,MA Nianjie,ZHAO Xidong,et al.General shapes and criterion for surrounding rock mass plastic zone of round roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(8):1871-1877.
[3]马念杰,赵希栋,赵志强,等.深部采动巷道顶板稳定性分析与控制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2287-2295.MA Nianjie,ZHAO Xidong,ZHAO Zhiqiang,et al.Stability analysis and control technology of mine roadway roof in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2287-2295.
[4]刘洪涛,吴祥业,镐振,等.双巷布置工作面留巷塑性区演化规律及稳定控制[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(4):689-697.LIU Hongtao,WU Xiangye,HAO Zhen,et al.Evolution law and stability control of plastic zones of retained entry of working face with double roadways layout[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(4):689-697.
[5]贾后省,李国盛,王路瑶,等.采动巷道应力场环境特征与冒顶机理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(4):707-714.JIA Housheng,LI Guosheng,WANG Luyao,et al.Characteristics of stress-field environment and roof falling mechanism of mining influenced roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(4):707-714.
[6]贾后省,马念杰,朱乾坤.巷道顶板蝶叶塑性区穿透致冒机理与控制方法[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(6):1384-1392.JIA Housheng,MA Nianjie,ZHU Qiankun.Mechanism and control method of roof fall resulting from butterfly plastic zone penetration[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(6):1384-1392.
[7]马念杰,李季,赵志强.圆形巷道围岩偏应力场及塑性区分布规律研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(2):206-213.MA Nianjie,LI Ji,ZHAO Zhiqiang.Distribution of the deviatoric stress field and plastic zone in circular roadway surrounding rock[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(2):206-213.
[8]余伟健,吴根水,袁超,等.基于偏应力场的巷道围岩破坏特征及工程稳定性控制[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1408-1419.YU Weijian,WU Genshui,YUAN Chao,et al.Failure characteristics and engineering stability control of roadway surrounding rock based on deviatoric stress field[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1408-1419.
[9]袁超,王卫军,冯涛,等.基于塑性区扩展的巷道围岩控制原理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(6):1051-1059.YUAN Chao,WANG Weijun,FENG Tao,et al.Research on control principles of surrounding rocks of roadway based on expansion of plastic zone[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(6):1051-1059.
[10]王卫军,余伟健,袁越,等.采动影响下底板暗斜井的破坏机理及其控制[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1463-1472.WANG Weijun,YU Weijian,YUAN Yue,et al.Failure mechanism of the sub inclined shaft in floor under mining influence and its control research[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1463-1472.
[11]陈登红,华心祝.多因素影响下深部回采巷道围岩变形规律与控制对策研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(4):760-768.CHEN Denghong,HUA Xinzhu.The deformation law of the surrounding rock in deep mining roadways under the influence of multi-factors and the control countermeasures[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(4):760-768.
[12]何富连,张广超.大断面采动剧烈影响煤巷变形破坏机制与控制技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(3):423-430.HE Fulian,ZHANG Guangchao.Deformation and failure mechanism and control technology of large section coal roadway subjected to severe mining dynamic load[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(3):423-430.
[13]程志恒,齐庆新,孔维一,等.近距离煤层群下位煤层沿空留巷合理布置研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(3):453-458.CHENG Zhiheng,QI Qingxin,KONG Weiyi,et al.Study on the reasonable layout of gob-side remained gateway of lower coal seam close to coal seam group[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):453-458.
[14]赵志强.大变形回采巷道围岩破坏机理与控制方法研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2014.
[15]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2013:67-72.
[2]郭晓菲,马念杰,赵希栋,等.圆形巷道围岩塑性区的一般形态及其判定准则[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(8):1871-1877.GUO Xiaofei,MA Nianjie,ZHAO Xidong,et al.General shapes and criterion for surrounding rock mass plastic zone of round roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(8):1871-1877.
[3]马念杰,赵希栋,赵志强,等.深部采动巷道顶板稳定性分析与控制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2287-2295.MA Nianjie,ZHAO Xidong,ZHAO Zhiqiang,et al.Stability analysis and control technology of mine roadway roof in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2287-2295.
[4]刘洪涛,吴祥业,镐振,等.双巷布置工作面留巷塑性区演化规律及稳定控制[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(4):689-697.LIU Hongtao,WU Xiangye,HAO Zhen,et al.Evolution law and stability control of plastic zones of retained entry of working face with double roadways layout[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(4):689-697.
[5]贾后省,李国盛,王路瑶,等.采动巷道应力场环境特征与冒顶机理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(4):707-714.JIA Housheng,LI Guosheng,WANG Luyao,et al.Characteristics of stress-field environment and roof falling mechanism of mining influenced roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(4):707-714.
[6]贾后省,马念杰,朱乾坤.巷道顶板蝶叶塑性区穿透致冒机理与控制方法[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(6):1384-1392.JIA Housheng,MA Nianjie,ZHU Qiankun.Mechanism and control method of roof fall resulting from butterfly plastic zone penetration[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(6):1384-1392.
[7]马念杰,李季,赵志强.圆形巷道围岩偏应力场及塑性区分布规律研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(2):206-213.MA Nianjie,LI Ji,ZHAO Zhiqiang.Distribution of the deviatoric stress field and plastic zone in circular roadway surrounding rock[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(2):206-213.
[8]余伟健,吴根水,袁超,等.基于偏应力场的巷道围岩破坏特征及工程稳定性控制[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1408-1419.YU Weijian,WU Genshui,YUAN Chao,et al.Failure characteristics and engineering stability control of roadway surrounding rock based on deviatoric stress field[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1408-1419.
[9]袁超,王卫军,冯涛,等.基于塑性区扩展的巷道围岩控制原理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(6):1051-1059.YUAN Chao,WANG Weijun,FENG Tao,et al.Research on control principles of surrounding rocks of roadway based on expansion of plastic zone[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(6):1051-1059.
[10]王卫军,余伟健,袁越,等.采动影响下底板暗斜井的破坏机理及其控制[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1463-1472.WANG Weijun,YU Weijian,YUAN Yue,et al.Failure mechanism of the sub inclined shaft in floor under mining influence and its control research[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1463-1472.
[11]陈登红,华心祝.多因素影响下深部回采巷道围岩变形规律与控制对策研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(4):760-768.CHEN Denghong,HUA Xinzhu.The deformation law of the surrounding rock in deep mining roadways under the influence of multi-factors and the control countermeasures[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(4):760-768.
[12]何富连,张广超.大断面采动剧烈影响煤巷变形破坏机制与控制技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(3):423-430.HE Fulian,ZHANG Guangchao.Deformation and failure mechanism and control technology of large section coal roadway subjected to severe mining dynamic load[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(3):423-430.
[13]程志恒,齐庆新,孔维一,等.近距离煤层群下位煤层沿空留巷合理布置研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(3):453-458.CHENG Zhiheng,QI Qingxin,KONG Weiyi,et al.Study on the reasonable layout of gob-side remained gateway of lower coal seam close to coal seam group[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):453-458.
[14]赵志强.大变形回采巷道围岩破坏机理与控制方法研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2014.
[15]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2013:67-72.