鸭绿江端元粒度分级样品常量元素控制因素分析及物源识别
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摘要
对鸭绿江河口表层沉积物陆源组分进行了水动力敏感粒度分级,以消弱"粒度效应"对沉积物地球化学组成的影响。通过多元统计方法,对不同粒级样品内常量元素含量特征、控制因素、源区特征等内容进行了探讨,并与全样测试结果进行对比分析。结果表明:源区化学风化程度是控制常量元素分布的主要因素,"粒度效应"和表生环境下的自生作用对常量元素的分布也有一定的控制作用,但"粒度效应"主要控制8μm以下样品内元素分布;源区目前处于以斜长石风化为主的中等化学风化程度阶段,风化产物未遭受钾交代影响;Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、MgO、MnO、TiO_2、P_2O_5六种元素在>63μm、32～63μm和8～32μm 3个粒级内含量相近,8μm以下样品随粒级减小元素含量显著增加,CaO、Na_2O两种元素在各粒级内含量分布特征与上述6种元素相反,高K_2O含量且未受"粒度效应"控制,可作为鸭绿江端元的指示性元素。根据流域岩性特征分析,>2μm粒级样品可能主要来自鸭绿江中下游地区变质基底和花岗质侵入体的风化产物;而<2μm粒级样品则可能主要来自鸭绿江上游地区基性侵入体的风化产物。此外,对比分析还表明,全样测试结果仅相当于分粒级样品的均值水平,极大地掩盖了不同粒级内元素地球化学特征的差异性和规律性。因此,在利用全样地球化学特征进行物源示踪时需综合考虑。
Terrigenous surface sediments taken from the Yalu River estuary were separated into grades in order to reduce the control of grain size on sediment geochemistry. With the statistical method for multivariate, major elements content, controlling factors and provenance characteristics of samples were discussed grade by grade in this paper, compared with the original testing data for bulk samples. The results show that the chemical weathering intensity in the provenance is the major factor controlling the distribution patterns of major elements. Grain size and authigenesis also play certain roles in control over the distribution patterns of elements in the samples smaller than 8μm. The provenance is now suffering from moderate chemical weathering characterized by the weathering of plagioclase and never affected by potassium replacement. The differences in Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、MgO、MnO、TiO_2、P_2O_5 contents in the fractions >63μm、32～63μm and 8～32μm are rather small, but increased significantly in the fraction smaller than 8μm. The contents of CaO and Na_2O in each fraction are opposite to those of the above six elements, suggesting the consistency of lithology of provenance rocks. The K_2O, which can be used as an indicative element, remains high in each grain fraction. According to the lithologic characteristics of provenance, the components >2μm are mainly coming from metamorphic basement and granitic intrusive rocks at the middle and lower reaches, while the components <2μm are mainly from the weathering products of basic intrusive rocks from the upper reach. Comparative analysis also suggests that the original bulk sample test results are close to the average of graded samples. As the result, the differences and change trend of geochemical characteristics between grades are hard to be observed. Therefore, integrated consideration is required in case the original geochemical data of bulk samples are used to trace the provenance.
Terrigenous surface sediments taken from the Yalu River estuary were separated into grades in order to reduce the control of grain size on sediment geochemistry. With the statistical method for multivariate, major elements content, controlling factors and provenance characteristics of samples were discussed grade by grade in this paper, compared with the original testing data for bulk samples. The results show that the chemical weathering intensity in the provenance is the major factor controlling the distribution patterns of major elements. Grain size and authigenesis also play certain roles in control over the distribution patterns of elements in the samples smaller than 8μm. The provenance is now suffering from moderate chemical weathering characterized by the weathering of plagioclase and never affected by potassium replacement. The differences in Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、MgO、MnO、TiO_2、P_2O_5 contents in the fractions >63μm、32～63μm and 8～32μm are rather small, but increased significantly in the fraction smaller than 8μm. The contents of CaO and Na_2O in each fraction are opposite to those of the above six elements, suggesting the consistency of lithology of provenance rocks. The K_2O, which can be used as an indicative element, remains high in each grain fraction. According to the lithologic characteristics of provenance, the components >2μm are mainly coming from metamorphic basement and granitic intrusive rocks at the middle and lower reaches, while the components <2μm are mainly from the weathering products of basic intrusive rocks from the upper reach. Comparative analysis also suggests that the original bulk sample test results are close to the average of graded samples. As the result, the differences and change trend of geochemical characteristics between grades are hard to be observed. Therefore, integrated consideration is required in case the original geochemical data of bulk samples are used to trace the provenance.
引文
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[6] 冉隆江,石勇,高建华,等.鸭绿江河口地区沉积物的粒度变化及其影响因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(2):31-42.[RAN Longjiang,SHI Yong,GAO Jianhua,et al.Gain size variation and its influencing factors in the sediment cores of Yalu river estuary[J].Marine Geology &Quaternary Geology,2012,32(2):31-42.]
[7] 李家胜,高建华,李军,等.鸭绿江河口沉积物元素地球化学及其控制因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(1):25-31.[LI Jiasheng,GAO Jianhua,LI Jun,et al.Distribution and controlling factors of major elements in sediments of the Yalu river estuary[J].Marine Geology &Quaternary Geology,2010,30(1):25-31.]
[8] 程岩,刘月,李富祥,等.鸭绿江口及邻近浅海碎屑矿物特征与物源辨识[J].地理研究,2010,29(11):1950-1960.[CHENG Yan,LIU Yue,LI FUxiang,et al.Detrital mineral characteristics and material source identification in surface sediments of Yalu river estuary and adjacent waters[J].Geographical Research,2010,29(11):1950-1960.]
[9] 高建华,李军,汪亚平,等.鸭绿江河口及近岸海域沉积物中重矿物组成、分布及其沉积动力学意义[J].海洋学报,2009,31(3):84-94.[GAO Jianhua,LI Jun,Wang Yaping,et al.Heavy mineral distribution and their implications for sediment dynamics in the Yalu estuary and its adjacent sea area[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2009,31(3):84-94.]
[10] 王应飞,高建华,石勇,等.鸭绿江河口西岸潮间带柱状沉积物中重金属的分布特征及其对流域变化的响应[J].地球化学,2014,43(1):64-76.[WANG Yingfei,GAO Jianhua,SHI Yong,et al.Distribution characteristics of intertidal sediment heavy metal of the western bank of the Yalu river,and its responses to catchment changes[J].Geochimica,2014,43(1):64-76.]
[11] 李红军,程岩,刘月,等.鸭绿江口重金属沉积记录的环境意义[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(6):2296-2306.[LI Hongjun,CHENG Yan,LIU Yue,et al.Environmental significance of heavy metals in the core sediments of the Yalu river estuary[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(6):2296-2306.]
[12] 程岩,毕连信.鸭绿江河口浅滩的基本特征和动态变化[J].泥沙研究,2002,3:59-63.[CHENG Yan,BI Lianxin.Primary character and motive change of shallow beach in Yalu river mouth[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2002,(3):59-63.]
[13] 高峰,孙连成,麦苗.鸭绿江河口潮流泥沙数值模拟[J].水道港口,2009,30(2):89-95.[GAO Feng,SUN Liancheng,MAI Miao.Numerical simulation of tidal current and sediment in Yalu river estuary[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,2009,30(2):89-95.]
[14] 孙永根,吴桑云.鸭绿江西水道口悬沙动力特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(2):33-38.[SUN Yonggen,WU Sangyun.Dynamic characteristics of suspended sediments in the west channel of the Yalu river[J].Marine Geology &Quaternary Geology,2010,30(2):33-38.]
[15] 程岩.鸭绿江河口地貌的形成、演变与港口建设[J].海港工程,1988,7(1):28-35.[CHENG Yan.Formation and evolution on geomorphology of Yalu river mouth and harbor construction[J].Coastal Engineering,1988,7(1):28-35.]
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[19] Rollinson H R.Using geochemical data:evaluation,presentation,interpretation[M].New York:Longman Scientific Technical.1993.
[20] McManus J.Grain sie determination and interpretation.In:Tucker M ed[J].Techniques in Sedimentology,Backwell,Oxford.1988:63-85.
[21] 臧家业,汤毓祥,邹娥梅,等.黄海环流的分析[J].科学通报,2001,46:7-15.[CANG Jiaye,TANG Yuxiang,ZOU Emei,et al.The analysis of the Yellow Sea circulation[J].Science Bulletin,2001,46:7-15.]
[22] 杨守业,Jung Hoi-Soo,李从先,等.黄河、长江与韩国Keum、Yeongsan江沉积物常量元素地球化学特征[J].地球化学,2004,33(1):99-105.[YANG Shouye,JUNG Hoi-Soo,LI Congxian.et al.Major element geochemistry of sediments from Chinese and Korean rivers[J].Geochimica,2004,33(1):99-105.]
[23] Nesbitt H W,Young G M.Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J]:Nature,1984,299,715-717.
[24] 吴丰昌,王立英,黎文,等.天然有机质及其在地表环境中的重要性[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(1):1-12.[WU Fengchang,WANG Liying,LI Wen,et al.Natural organic matter and its significance in terrestrial surface environment[J].Lake Sci,2008,20(1):1-12.]
[25] McLennan S W.Weathering and global denudation[J].Journal of Geology,1993,101:295-303.
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