采用超声导波检测触头接触状态的实验研究
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摘要
针对断路器触头接触不良的问题,提出利用超声导波检测触头的接触状态的方法。从理论上分析超声导波检测触头接触状态的原理,同时搭建实验平台展开研究。通过改变梅花触头和静触头之间的啮合情况来模拟触头的4种不同接触状态,测量各状态下的电阻阻值,将其接入超声导波检测系统采集信号数据。对携带有触头接触状态信息的导波进行滤波、时域、频域分析处理,结果表明:利用超声导波检测触头接触状态是可行的;随着接触状态愈发恶劣,超声探头所接收的信号波形呈现出逐步衰减的状态。在检测当中,应选用连续的汉宁窗调制正弦波信号作为激励,利用时域曲线峰峰值的大小对触头接触状态好坏进行评估判断。
Aiming at the problem of poor contact of the breaker contacts, this paper presents a method of detecting contact state of contacts by using ultrasonic guided wave. It analyzes detection principles theoretically and establishes an experimental platform for research. It makes simulations on four kinds of different contact states of the contact by changing meshing between the tulip contact and the static contact, measures resistance values and collects signal data after connecting the contact to the ultrasonic guided wave detection system. It also makes analysis and processing about filtering, time-domain and frequency-domain for the guided waves with contact state information. The results indicate that it is feasible to detect contact state by using ultrasonic guided wave and as contact state is getting worse, the signal waveform received by the ultrasonic probe shows gradual attenuation. In the detection, it suggests to use continuous sine wave signal modulated by Hanning window as excitation and evaluate contact state of the contact by peak-to-peak value of the time-domain curve.
Aiming at the problem of poor contact of the breaker contacts, this paper presents a method of detecting contact state of contacts by using ultrasonic guided wave. It analyzes detection principles theoretically and establishes an experimental platform for research. It makes simulations on four kinds of different contact states of the contact by changing meshing between the tulip contact and the static contact, measures resistance values and collects signal data after connecting the contact to the ultrasonic guided wave detection system. It also makes analysis and processing about filtering, time-domain and frequency-domain for the guided waves with contact state information. The results indicate that it is feasible to detect contact state by using ultrasonic guided wave and as contact state is getting worse, the signal waveform received by the ultrasonic probe shows gradual attenuation. In the detection, it suggests to use continuous sine wave signal modulated by Hanning window as excitation and evaluate contact state of the contact by peak-to-peak value of the time-domain curve.
引文
[1] 赵虎.高压SF6断路器状态评估方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2013.
[2] 黄涛. 高压开关中断路器的运行及故障处理[J].贵州电力技术,2014,17(1):81-83. HUANG Tao. Operation and fault handling of high votlage switch circuit breaker[J].Guizhou Electric Power Technology, 2014,17(1):81-83.
[3] 傅中,陈维江,李志兵,等.SF6断路器动态接触电阻测量方法及影响因素[J].高电压技术,2017,43(5):1535-1542. FU Zhong, CHEN Weijiang, LI Zhibing, et al. Measurement method and influencing factors of the dynamic contact resistance of SF6 circuit breakers[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43(5): 1535-1542.
[4] LIU G, GUO D, WANG P, et al. Calculation of equivalent resistance for ground wires twined with armor rods in contact terminals[J]. Energies, 2018, 11(4): 737.
[5] 郭德明,刘刚,漆海霞,等.缠绕预绞丝的地线悬垂串温度分布实验分析[J]. 广东电力,2017,30(10):1-5. GUO Deming, LIU Gang, QI Haixia, et al. Experimental analysis on temperature distribution of ground wire suspension string with winding preformed armor rod[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2017, 30(10): 1-5.
[6] 何存富,郑明方,吕炎,等.超声导波检测技术的发展、应用与挑战[J].仪器仪表学报,2016,37(8):1713-1735. HE Cunfu, ZHENG Mingfang, Lü Yan, et al. Development, applications and challenges in ultrasonic guided waves testing technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2016, 37(8): 1713-1735.
[7] 杨理践,张玲玲,高松巍.超声导波在钢管中的传播特性[J].无损探伤,2011,35(1):9-12. YANG Lijian, ZHANG Lingling, GAO Songwei. Propagation characteristics of ultrasonic guided wave in steel tube[J]. Nondestructive Test, 2011, 35(1): 9-12.
[8] 刘林林.舰船流体管道无损检测技术应用的可行性分析[J].时代农机,2016,43(3):71-71. LIU Linlin. Feasibility analysis of application of ships fluid pipe nondestructive detection technology[J]. Times Agricultural Machinery, 2016, 43(3): 71-71.
[9] 包化,谢涛,王伟,等.基于L(0,2)超声导波的管道裂纹损伤回波特征分析[J].广东电力,2015,28(5):10-14. BAO Hua, XIE Tao, WANG Wei, et al. Analysis of echo characteristic of pipeline crack damage based on L(0,2) ultrasonic guided wave[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2015, 28(5): 10 -14.
[10] 马书义,武湛君,刘科海,等.空心圆管中导波频散特性与检测频率选择[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(20):8-17. MA Shuyi, WU Zhanjun, LIU Kehai, et al. Dispersion characteristics and inspection frequency selection of guided waves in hollow cylinders[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 50(20): 8-17.
[11] 陆国俊,熊俊,阮班义,等.用振荡波电压法检测含有缺陷的10 kV交联聚乙烯电缆接头实验[J].广东电力,2011,24(6):18-22. LU Guojun, XIONG Jun, RUAN Banyi, et al. Inspection test on defective joints of 10 kV XLPE cables with oscillating wave voltage method[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2011, 24(6): 18-22.
[12] 冯尚龙,陈开路,陈朝阳.输电线路钢管杆超声导波检测技术可行性研究[J].电力与电工,2012,32(3):17-19. FENG Shanglong, CHEN Kailu, CHEN Chaoyang. Feasibility study of steel transmission pole NDT by using ultrasonic guided waves[J]. Electric Power & Electrical Engineering, 2012, 32(3): 17-19.
[13] HONG X, ZHOU J, HUANG G, et al. Synergetic damage recognition approach for messenger wire in icing environment using piezoceramic transducers[J]. Measurement, 2018, 122: 522-531.
[14] 沈功田.承压设备无损检测与评价技术发展现状[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(12):1-12. SHEN Gongtian. Development status of nondestructive testing and evaluation technique for pressure equipment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 53(12): 1-12.
[15] 马书义,武湛君,刘科海,等.管道变形损伤超声导波检测试验研究[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(14):1-8. MA Shuyi, WU Zhanjun, LIU Kehai, et al. Experimental investigation of deformation damage detection in pipes using ultrasonic guided waves[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 49(14): 1-8.
[16] 邓红雷,鲁强,陈力,等.基于超声导波的复合绝缘子检测[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1236-1244. DENG Honglei, LU Qiang, CHEN Li, et al. Detection for composite insulator based on ultrasonic guided wave[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(4): 1236-1244.
[17] 朱力强,许西宁,余祖俊,等.基于超声导波的钢轨完整性检测方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2016,37(7):1603-1609. ZHU Liqiang, XU Xining, YU Zujun, et al. Study on the railway integrity monitoring method based on ultrasonic guided waves[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2016, 37(7): 1603-1609.
[18] 曹俊平,胡文堂,刘浩军,等.基于超声导波的高压电缆铝护套检测技术可行性研究[J].机电工程,2018,35(1):10-15. CAO Junping, HU Wentang, LIU Haojun, et al. Feasibility of non-destructive testing for aluminium sheaths of HV cables using ultrasonic guided waves[J]. Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, 2018, 35(1): 10-15.
[19] HONG X, RUAN J, LIU G, et al. Synergetics based damage detection of frame structures using piezoceramic patches[J]. Smart Structures & Systems, 2016, 17(2): 167-194.
[20] 冷冰.管道防腐层破损对超声导波传播特性影响的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2014.
[21] 朱英奎.管状结构中超声导波检测特性实验研究[D].石家庄:河北科技大学,2010.
[22] 李晓伟.基于FPGA的便携式超声无损检测仪研制[D].北京:北京工业大学,2012.
[2] 黄涛. 高压开关中断路器的运行及故障处理[J].贵州电力技术,2014,17(1):81-83. HUANG Tao. Operation and fault handling of high votlage switch circuit breaker[J].Guizhou Electric Power Technology, 2014,17(1):81-83.
[3] 傅中,陈维江,李志兵,等.SF6断路器动态接触电阻测量方法及影响因素[J].高电压技术,2017,43(5):1535-1542. FU Zhong, CHEN Weijiang, LI Zhibing, et al. Measurement method and influencing factors of the dynamic contact resistance of SF6 circuit breakers[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43(5): 1535-1542.
[4] LIU G, GUO D, WANG P, et al. Calculation of equivalent resistance for ground wires twined with armor rods in contact terminals[J]. Energies, 2018, 11(4): 737.
[5] 郭德明,刘刚,漆海霞,等.缠绕预绞丝的地线悬垂串温度分布实验分析[J]. 广东电力,2017,30(10):1-5. GUO Deming, LIU Gang, QI Haixia, et al. Experimental analysis on temperature distribution of ground wire suspension string with winding preformed armor rod[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2017, 30(10): 1-5.
[6] 何存富,郑明方,吕炎,等.超声导波检测技术的发展、应用与挑战[J].仪器仪表学报,2016,37(8):1713-1735. HE Cunfu, ZHENG Mingfang, Lü Yan, et al. Development, applications and challenges in ultrasonic guided waves testing technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2016, 37(8): 1713-1735.
[7] 杨理践,张玲玲,高松巍.超声导波在钢管中的传播特性[J].无损探伤,2011,35(1):9-12. YANG Lijian, ZHANG Lingling, GAO Songwei. Propagation characteristics of ultrasonic guided wave in steel tube[J]. Nondestructive Test, 2011, 35(1): 9-12.
[8] 刘林林.舰船流体管道无损检测技术应用的可行性分析[J].时代农机,2016,43(3):71-71. LIU Linlin. Feasibility analysis of application of ships fluid pipe nondestructive detection technology[J]. Times Agricultural Machinery, 2016, 43(3): 71-71.
[9] 包化,谢涛,王伟,等.基于L(0,2)超声导波的管道裂纹损伤回波特征分析[J].广东电力,2015,28(5):10-14. BAO Hua, XIE Tao, WANG Wei, et al. Analysis of echo characteristic of pipeline crack damage based on L(0,2) ultrasonic guided wave[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2015, 28(5): 10 -14.
[10] 马书义,武湛君,刘科海,等.空心圆管中导波频散特性与检测频率选择[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(20):8-17. MA Shuyi, WU Zhanjun, LIU Kehai, et al. Dispersion characteristics and inspection frequency selection of guided waves in hollow cylinders[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 50(20): 8-17.
[11] 陆国俊,熊俊,阮班义,等.用振荡波电压法检测含有缺陷的10 kV交联聚乙烯电缆接头实验[J].广东电力,2011,24(6):18-22. LU Guojun, XIONG Jun, RUAN Banyi, et al. Inspection test on defective joints of 10 kV XLPE cables with oscillating wave voltage method[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2011, 24(6): 18-22.
[12] 冯尚龙,陈开路,陈朝阳.输电线路钢管杆超声导波检测技术可行性研究[J].电力与电工,2012,32(3):17-19. FENG Shanglong, CHEN Kailu, CHEN Chaoyang. Feasibility study of steel transmission pole NDT by using ultrasonic guided waves[J]. Electric Power & Electrical Engineering, 2012, 32(3): 17-19.
[13] HONG X, ZHOU J, HUANG G, et al. Synergetic damage recognition approach for messenger wire in icing environment using piezoceramic transducers[J]. Measurement, 2018, 122: 522-531.
[14] 沈功田.承压设备无损检测与评价技术发展现状[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(12):1-12. SHEN Gongtian. Development status of nondestructive testing and evaluation technique for pressure equipment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 53(12): 1-12.
[15] 马书义,武湛君,刘科海,等.管道变形损伤超声导波检测试验研究[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(14):1-8. MA Shuyi, WU Zhanjun, LIU Kehai, et al. Experimental investigation of deformation damage detection in pipes using ultrasonic guided waves[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 49(14): 1-8.
[16] 邓红雷,鲁强,陈力,等.基于超声导波的复合绝缘子检测[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1236-1244. DENG Honglei, LU Qiang, CHEN Li, et al. Detection for composite insulator based on ultrasonic guided wave[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(4): 1236-1244.
[17] 朱力强,许西宁,余祖俊,等.基于超声导波的钢轨完整性检测方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2016,37(7):1603-1609. ZHU Liqiang, XU Xining, YU Zujun, et al. Study on the railway integrity monitoring method based on ultrasonic guided waves[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2016, 37(7): 1603-1609.
[18] 曹俊平,胡文堂,刘浩军,等.基于超声导波的高压电缆铝护套检测技术可行性研究[J].机电工程,2018,35(1):10-15. CAO Junping, HU Wentang, LIU Haojun, et al. Feasibility of non-destructive testing for aluminium sheaths of HV cables using ultrasonic guided waves[J]. Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, 2018, 35(1): 10-15.
[19] HONG X, RUAN J, LIU G, et al. Synergetics based damage detection of frame structures using piezoceramic patches[J]. Smart Structures & Systems, 2016, 17(2): 167-194.
[20] 冷冰.管道防腐层破损对超声导波传播特性影响的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2014.
[21] 朱英奎.管状结构中超声导波检测特性实验研究[D].石家庄:河北科技大学,2010.
[22] 李晓伟.基于FPGA的便携式超声无损检测仪研制[D].北京:北京工业大学,2012.