铁路隧道紧急救援站人员疏散时间理论计算方法
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摘要
紧急救援站人员疏散时间是铁路隧道防灾疏散工程结构设计的关键参数。基于水力模型计算方法,结合铁路隧道内人员疏散特征,分析车厢内人数、疏散速度、站台宽度、横通道间距等参数之间的关系,建立铁路隧道紧急救援站人员疏散理论计算公式,并通过建立不同结构参数条件下的紧急救援站人员疏散模型,将人员疏散数值模拟结果与理论计算结果进行对比,考虑一定安全储备,提出了其理论计算公式的修正系数,最后通过人员疏散模型试验对理论计算公式进行了验证,两者结果较吻合。该人员疏散时间理论计算方法能够指导铁路隧道紧急救援站结构设计,并在已建成的紧急救援站疏散系统进行了安全性验证。
Evacuation time of emergency rescue station is the key parameter in the structural design of disaster prevention and evacuation works in railway tunnel. Based on the evacuation time calculation method of hydraulic model, and personnel evacuation characteristics in railway tunnel, an analysis was made on the relationship between the number of people in the carriage, evacuation speed, width of the platform, and cross passage spacing. A theoretical evacuation calculation formula of emergency rescue station in railway tunnel was derived. By establishing the evacuation model of emergency rescue station under different structural parameters, the numerical simulation results of personnel evacuation were compared with the calculation results of the formula. Considering certain safety margin, the correction coefficient of the theoretical calculation formula was proposed. Finally, the theoretical calculation formula was verified by the evacuation model test and the results were consistent. The theoretical calculation method of evacuation time can guide the structure design of the emergency rescue station in railway tunnel, and verify the security of the existing emergency rescue station evacuation system.
Evacuation time of emergency rescue station is the key parameter in the structural design of disaster prevention and evacuation works in railway tunnel. Based on the evacuation time calculation method of hydraulic model, and personnel evacuation characteristics in railway tunnel, an analysis was made on the relationship between the number of people in the carriage, evacuation speed, width of the platform, and cross passage spacing. A theoretical evacuation calculation formula of emergency rescue station in railway tunnel was derived. By establishing the evacuation model of emergency rescue station under different structural parameters, the numerical simulation results of personnel evacuation were compared with the calculation results of the formula. Considering certain safety margin, the correction coefficient of the theoretical calculation formula was proposed. Finally, the theoretical calculation formula was verified by the evacuation model test and the results were consistent. The theoretical calculation method of evacuation time can guide the structure design of the emergency rescue station in railway tunnel, and verify the security of the existing emergency rescue station evacuation system.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国铁道部. TB 10020—2012铁路隧道防灾救援疏散工程设计规范[S]. 北京:中国铁道出版社,2012.
[2] National Fire Protection Association. NFPA 130:Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems[S]. Quincy: NFPA, 2003.
[3] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. GB 50157—2013地铁设计规范[S]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.
[4] HELBING D, BUZNA L, JOHANSSON A, et al. Self-organized Pedestrian Crowd Dynamics: Experiments, Simulations and Design Solutions[J]. Transportation Science, 2005, 39(1):1-24.
[5] LOVAS G G. Modeling and Simulation of Pedestrian Traffic Flow[J]. Transportation Research Part B:1994, 28(6):429-443.
[6] 石勃伟. 地铁车站火灾风险评估及人员疏散研究[D]. 北京:北京工业大学,2008.
[7] HEIBING D, MOLANR P. Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics[J]. Physical Review E, 1995, 51(5):4282-4286.
[8] OKAZAKI S. A Study of Pedestrian Movement in Architectural Space, Part 1:Pedestrian Movement by the Application on of Magnetic Models[J]. Transactions of Architectural Institute of Japan, 1979,283:111-119.
[9] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. GB 50016—2014建筑设计防火规范[S]. 北京:中国计划出版社,2014.
[10] NOREN A, WINER J. Modelling Crowd Evacuation from Road and Train Tunnels-data and Design for Faster Evacuations[R]. Sweden:Lund University, 2003.
[11] NADY M, SAID A. A Review of Smoke Control Models[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 1988, 30(4):36-40.
[12] DOLS W S, WALTON G N. CONTAMW2.0 User Manual-multizone Airflow and Contaminant Transport Analysis Software[R].Gaithersburg: Building and Fire Research Laboratory, NISTIR6921, 2002.
[13] 国外道路标准规范编译组. 公路隧道火灾及烟气控制[M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,2006.
[2] National Fire Protection Association. NFPA 130:Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems[S]. Quincy: NFPA, 2003.
[3] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. GB 50157—2013地铁设计规范[S]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.
[4] HELBING D, BUZNA L, JOHANSSON A, et al. Self-organized Pedestrian Crowd Dynamics: Experiments, Simulations and Design Solutions[J]. Transportation Science, 2005, 39(1):1-24.
[5] LOVAS G G. Modeling and Simulation of Pedestrian Traffic Flow[J]. Transportation Research Part B:1994, 28(6):429-443.
[6] 石勃伟. 地铁车站火灾风险评估及人员疏散研究[D]. 北京:北京工业大学,2008.
[7] HEIBING D, MOLANR P. Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics[J]. Physical Review E, 1995, 51(5):4282-4286.
[8] OKAZAKI S. A Study of Pedestrian Movement in Architectural Space, Part 1:Pedestrian Movement by the Application on of Magnetic Models[J]. Transactions of Architectural Institute of Japan, 1979,283:111-119.
[9] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. GB 50016—2014建筑设计防火规范[S]. 北京:中国计划出版社,2014.
[10] NOREN A, WINER J. Modelling Crowd Evacuation from Road and Train Tunnels-data and Design for Faster Evacuations[R]. Sweden:Lund University, 2003.
[11] NADY M, SAID A. A Review of Smoke Control Models[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 1988, 30(4):36-40.
[12] DOLS W S, WALTON G N. CONTAMW2.0 User Manual-multizone Airflow and Contaminant Transport Analysis Software[R].Gaithersburg: Building and Fire Research Laboratory, NISTIR6921, 2002.
[13] 国外道路标准规范编译组. 公路隧道火灾及烟气控制[M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,2006.