成长境遇·身份转换·理想构建——沈从文小说与中国传统文化关系研究
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摘要
深受"五四"思潮影响的沈从文,在小说创作中对中国传统文化的呈现往往具有一种"挣扎后的喑哑"。在表层显示为一种中性的叙述态度,而在深层次上却潜隐着一定的褒扬或批判的意图,而这种深层次显现的最终目的在于其在历经自身成长境遇与身份转换后,试图构建理想的文化形态,即:一种基于生命意识与人性和谐呈现的美好状态。在"五四"运动影响下,沈从文小说中的中国传统文化因子彰显出其独有的特点:一是汲取中国传统文化中"重德"的优秀基因,二是积极吸收湘西边地所凸显的野性文化因子,三是受"五四"运动影响而对中国传统文化进行创新承继。
Shen Congwen was deeply influenced by"the thought of the May Fourth Movement",he presented Chinese traditional culture as"the highest perfection of beauty through arduous struggle". In his novels,the surface structure of this paper showed neutral narrative attitude,while the deep structure hid praise or criticism to a certain extent. The ultimate purpose of the deep structure was in attempting to construct the ideal cultural form after his persona growth circumstances and identity conversion. That is a kind of perfect state based on life consciousness and human harmony. Under the influence of the May Fourth Movement,the traditional Chinese cultural factors in his novels manifested their unique characteristics. In which,the first is to draw"valuing virtue"from the excellent genes of Chinese traditional culture. The second is to positively absorb wild culture factors of western Hunan region. The third is to innovate and inherit Chinese traditional culture.
Shen Congwen was deeply influenced by"the thought of the May Fourth Movement",he presented Chinese traditional culture as"the highest perfection of beauty through arduous struggle". In his novels,the surface structure of this paper showed neutral narrative attitude,while the deep structure hid praise or criticism to a certain extent. The ultimate purpose of the deep structure was in attempting to construct the ideal cultural form after his persona growth circumstances and identity conversion. That is a kind of perfect state based on life consciousness and human harmony. Under the influence of the May Fourth Movement,the traditional Chinese cultural factors in his novels manifested their unique characteristics. In which,the first is to draw"valuing virtue"from the excellent genes of Chinese traditional culture. The second is to positively absorb wild culture factors of western Hunan region. The third is to innovate and inherit Chinese traditional culture.
引文
[1]沈从文.从文自传[M].北京:人民文学出版社,2017.
[2]沈从文.沈从文全集:第8卷[M].太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002:61.
[3]沈从文.沈从文全集:第9卷[M].太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002.
[4]沈从文.沈从文文集:第11卷[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,2013.
[5]鲁迅.鲁迅全集:第8卷[M].北京:人民文学出版社,2005.
[6]沈从文.沈从文文集:第1卷[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,2013:4.
[7]张岂之,李友广.厚德载物[M].北京:学习出版社,2014:2.
[8]梁漱溟.中国文化要义[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2005:16.
[9]沈从文.沈从文全集:第10卷[M].太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002:5.
[10]何小平.野性、理性与神性:论沈从文对人性内涵的生态审美建构[J].南华大学学报(社会科学版),2018(5).
[11]杨义.文学地图与文化还原——从叙事学、诗学到诸子学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2011:123.
[12]凌宇.沈从文·乡土小说[M].上海:上海文艺出版社,2012:11.
[13]魏宏运.“五四”和传统文化[J].史学月刊,1989(2).
[14]李欧梵.中国文化传统的六个面向[M].北京:中华书局,2017:148.
[2]沈从文.沈从文全集:第8卷[M].太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002:61.
[3]沈从文.沈从文全集:第9卷[M].太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002.
[4]沈从文.沈从文文集:第11卷[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,2013.
[5]鲁迅.鲁迅全集:第8卷[M].北京:人民文学出版社,2005.
[6]沈从文.沈从文文集:第1卷[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,2013:4.
[7]张岂之,李友广.厚德载物[M].北京:学习出版社,2014:2.
[8]梁漱溟.中国文化要义[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2005:16.
[9]沈从文.沈从文全集:第10卷[M].太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002:5.
[10]何小平.野性、理性与神性:论沈从文对人性内涵的生态审美建构[J].南华大学学报(社会科学版),2018(5).
[11]杨义.文学地图与文化还原——从叙事学、诗学到诸子学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2011:123.
[12]凌宇.沈从文·乡土小说[M].上海:上海文艺出版社,2012:11.
[13]魏宏运.“五四”和传统文化[J].史学月刊,1989(2).
[14]李欧梵.中国文化传统的六个面向[M].北京:中华书局,2017:148.