广州二沙岛宏城公园鸟类调查
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摘要
为了解广州二沙岛宏城公园鸟类的情况,2017年7月—2018年7月,采用样线和样点法对广州二沙岛宏城公园鸟类进行初步调查,同时采用样方法对植被进行调查。调查结果表明:①共记录鸟类27种,隶属于3目17科19属。其中雀形目种类最多,占总数的92.6%。鸟类区系以东洋界为主,占总数的51.9%;留鸟为主,占77.8%。树麻雀、白头鹎、八哥、暗绿绣眼鸟等为优势种,优势种鸟类多为杂食性;宏城公园鸟类的惊飞距离为2～8.7 m。②鸟类对食源树种具有不同的喜好,公园中最常见、鸟类最喜欢取食的食源树种有11种;乔灌木更容易为鸟类提供食物和筑巢,草地和藤本植物亦可为地面觅食和小型鸟类隐蔽提供场所。其结果可为城市化与鸟类保护相互关系研究提供参考。
From July 2017 to July 2018,the line transect and piont-count methods were applied on investigation to understand the situation of birds in the Hongcheng Park,Ersha Island,Guangzhou.Meanwhile,the vegetations was investigated.The results showed that:①A total of 27 bird species were recorded,belonging to 3 orders,17 families,19 genera.Passeriformes have the most species and accounting for 92.6%.The Oriental flora is the dominant flora and accounting for 51.9%.Furthermore,the resident flora is the dominant in Hongcheng Park and accounting for 77.8%.Passer montanus,Pycnonotus sinensis,Acridotheres cristatellus and Zosterops japonicus are dominant species and they are omnivorous.The flight initiation distance is from 2 m to 8.7 m.②Birds have different preferences trees and 11 species of favorite trees were found in this park.Tree and shrub can provide more food and nesting for birds.Grasslands and vines can also provide refuge and food for small birds.Those findings can provide reference for further research relationship of urbanization and bird protection.Shrubs and shrubs are more likely to provide food and nesting for birds,and grass and vines can also provide a place for ground foraging and small birds to hide.In the process of vegetation allocation in secondary forests in parks,the coverage and diversity of shrubs and herbaceous plants under the forest should be maximized.
From July 2017 to July 2018,the line transect and piont-count methods were applied on investigation to understand the situation of birds in the Hongcheng Park,Ersha Island,Guangzhou.Meanwhile,the vegetations was investigated.The results showed that:①A total of 27 bird species were recorded,belonging to 3 orders,17 families,19 genera.Passeriformes have the most species and accounting for 92.6%.The Oriental flora is the dominant flora and accounting for 51.9%.Furthermore,the resident flora is the dominant in Hongcheng Park and accounting for 77.8%.Passer montanus,Pycnonotus sinensis,Acridotheres cristatellus and Zosterops japonicus are dominant species and they are omnivorous.The flight initiation distance is from 2 m to 8.7 m.②Birds have different preferences trees and 11 species of favorite trees were found in this park.Tree and shrub can provide more food and nesting for birds.Grasslands and vines can also provide refuge and food for small birds.Those findings can provide reference for further research relationship of urbanization and bird protection.Shrubs and shrubs are more likely to provide food and nesting for birds,and grass and vines can also provide a place for ground foraging and small birds to hide.In the process of vegetation allocation in secondary forests in parks,the coverage and diversity of shrubs and herbaceous plants under the forest should be maximized.
引文
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[13]王彦平,陈水华,丁平.惊飞距离——杭州常见鸟类对人为侵扰的适应性[J].动物学研究,2004,25(3):214-220.
[14]王玲,丁志锋,胡君梅,等.广州城市绿地中鸟类对食源树种的偏好[J].四川动物,2016,35(6):838-844.
[15]Pearman P B.The scale of community structure:habitat variation and avian guilds in tropical forest understory[J].Ecological Monographs,2002,72(1):19-39.
[16]刘继亮,曹靖,李世杰,等.秦岭西部山地次生林和人工林大型土壤动物群落结构特征[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(9):2459-2466.
[2]栾晓峰.上海鸟类群落特征及其保护规划研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2003:4-7.
[3]Padoa-schioppa E,Baietto M,Massa R,et al.Bird communities as bioindicators:the focal species concept in agricultural landscapes[J].Ecol Indic,2006,6(1):83-93.
[4]毛齐正,马克明,邬建国,等.城市生物多样性分布格局研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1051-1064.
[5]熊咏梅,叶凯图,黄颖.广州市居住区绿地小气候及影响因子分析[J].园林科技,2013(2):22-24.
[6]李海生.广州二沙岛宏城公园植物配置调查研究[J].广东第二师范学院学报,2011,31(3):72-79.
[7]欧阳加兴.绿地植物配置探索[J].中国园林,1998,14(1):29.
[8]隋金玲,张志翔,胡德夫,等.北京市区绿化带内鸟类食源树种研究[J].林业科学,2006,42(12):83-89.
[9]Gutzwiller K J,Marcum H A,Harvey H B,et al.Bird tolerance to human intrusion in Wyoming Montane forests[J].Condor,1998(100):519-527.
[10]王德良,李科,朱文博.五龙河自然保护区鸟类群落夏秋食性特征分析[J].山东大学学报,2010,45(5):28-34.
[11]郑光美.鸟类学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1995.
[12]Evans K L,Newson S E,Gaston K J.Habitat influences on urban avian assemblages[J].Ibis,2009(151):19-39.
[13]王彦平,陈水华,丁平.惊飞距离——杭州常见鸟类对人为侵扰的适应性[J].动物学研究,2004,25(3):214-220.
[14]王玲,丁志锋,胡君梅,等.广州城市绿地中鸟类对食源树种的偏好[J].四川动物,2016,35(6):838-844.
[15]Pearman P B.The scale of community structure:habitat variation and avian guilds in tropical forest understory[J].Ecological Monographs,2002,72(1):19-39.
[16]刘继亮,曹靖,李世杰,等.秦岭西部山地次生林和人工林大型土壤动物群落结构特征[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(9):2459-2466.