2.7μm掺Er~(3+)∶ZBLAN光纤激光器的研究进展
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摘要
中红外相干光源在光谱学、遥感、生物和医疗以及军事等诸多领域都有重要的应用前景和价值,而掺铒氟化物光纤(ZBLAN)激光器是实现2.7 mm中红外激光输出的有效途径之一。综述了2.7 mm掺Er∶ZBLAN光纤激光器在连续激光输出、高功率脉冲激光输出、波长可调谐激光输出、以及调Q和锁模激光输出等领域研究现况,并对其应用及发展前景进行了展望。
Coherent light sources in the mid-infrared(mid-IR) range have broad practical and potential applications in spectroscopy, remote sensing, medical and military. Erbium(Er)-doped ZBLAN fiber lasers are well suitable for mid-infrared coherent light source at 2.7 mm. The latest progress of watt-level continuous wave(CW), high-power pulsed, wavelength-tunable, Q-switched and CW mode-locked Er3 +∶ZBLAN fiber lasers operating at 2.7 mm is introduced in this article. Finally, the development trends of the mid-infrared Er-doped ZBLAN fiber lasers are prospected.
Coherent light sources in the mid-infrared(mid-IR) range have broad practical and potential applications in spectroscopy, remote sensing, medical and military. Erbium(Er)-doped ZBLAN fiber lasers are well suitable for mid-infrared coherent light source at 2.7 mm. The latest progress of watt-level continuous wave(CW), high-power pulsed, wavelength-tunable, Q-switched and CW mode-locked Er3 +∶ZBLAN fiber lasers operating at 2.7 mm is introduced in this article. Finally, the development trends of the mid-infrared Er-doped ZBLAN fiber lasers are prospected.
引文
1 C J Koester,E Snitzer.Amplification in a fiber laser[J].Appl Opt,1964,3(10):1182-1186.
2 E Snitzer.Optical maser action of Nd3+in a barium crown glass[J].Phys Rev Lett,1961,7(12):444.
3 Shen Rensheng,Zhang Yushu,Du Guotong.Latest development of fiber lasers[J].Semiconductor Optoelectronics,2009,30(1):1-5.申人升,张玉书,杜国同.光纤激光器研究进展[J].半导体光电,2009,30(1):1-5.
4 Yang Qing,Yu Benli,Zhen Shenglai,et al..The survey of optic fiber lasers[J].Optoelectronic Technology&Information,2002,15(5):13-18.杨青,俞本立,甄胜来,等.光纤激光器的发展现状[J].光电子技术与信息,2002,15(5):13-18.
5 Liu Songhao.New development of fiber laser[J].Optoelectronic Technology&Information,2003,16(1):1-8.刘颂豪.光纤激光器的新进展[J].光电子技术与信息,2003,16(1):1-8.
6 Dong Shufu.Researches on the Rear Earth Doped Fiber Laser[D].Xi′an:Xi′an Institute of Optics&Precision Mechnics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2004:1-10.董淑福.稀土掺杂光纤激光器研究[D].西安:中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所,2004:1-10.
7 Xi Congling,Qiao Xueguang,Jia Zhenan,Research and development foreground of fiber optic laser[J].Optical Communication Technology,2006,30(1):52-54.习聪玲,乔学光,贾振安.光纤激光器的研究与发展前景[J].光通信技术,2006,30(1):52-54.
8 Li Dajun,Du Geguo.The recent research progress of Tm3+-doped fiber lasers[J].Laser Technology,2007,31(5):540-543.黎大军,杜戈果.掺铥光纤激光器研究进展[J].激光技术,2007,31(5):540-543.
9 Chen Hao,Li Jianfeng,Ou Zhonghua,et al..Progress of mid-infrared fiber lasers[J],Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2011,48(11):111402.陈昊,李剑峰,欧中华,等.中红外光纤激光器的研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2011,48(11):111402.
10 Hou Lantian,Han Ying.Recent progress and application of optical fiber lasers[J].Journal of Yanshan University,2011,35(2):95-101.侯蓝田,韩颖.光纤激光器的发展与应用[J].燕山大学学报,2011,35(2):95-101.
11 Li li,Zeng Wenfeng,Jiang Heng,et al..The recent research progress of Tm3+-doped fiber laser[J].Laser Journal,2011,32(1):60-61.李莉,曾文锋,江恒,等.掺铥光纤激光器研究进展[J].激光杂志,2011,32(1):60-61.
12 Hu Renwen.The application and recent progress of optical fiber lasers[J].Science&Technology Information,2013,(33):82-82.胡人文.光纤激光器的应用及发展综述[J].科技信息,2013,(33):82-82.
13 D Faucher,M Bernier,N Caron,et al..Erbium-doped all-fiber laser at 2.94 mm[J].Opt Lett,2009,34(21):3313-3315.
14 C Wei,X Zhu,R A Norwood,et al..Passively continuous-wave mode-locked Er3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser at 2.8 mm[J].Opt Lett 2012,37(18):3849-3851.
15 D Hudson,L Anderson,E Magi,et al..Diode-pumped Ho3+,Pr3+-doped fluoride glass double clad fibre laser tuneable from 2.825 mm to 2.90 mm[C].Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series,2011 IEEE,2011:87-88.
16 G Zhu,X Zhu,K Balakrishnan,et al..Fe2+:Zn Se and graphene Q-switched singly Ho3+-doped ZBLAN fiber lasers at 3 mm[J].Opt Mater Express,2013,3(9):1365-1377.
17 K Ramaswamy,C Jia,M Dastmalchi,et al..Dual-wavelength Tm3+:ZBLAN fiber lasers[C].OSA,2013:F2.4.
18 Wang Pu,Liu Jiang.Progress and prospect on ultrafast Tm-doped fiber lasers at 2 mm wavelength[J].Chinese J Lasers,2013,40(6):0601002.王璞,刘江.2.0 mm掺铥超短脉冲光纤激光器研究进展及展望[J].中国激光,2013,40(6):0601002.
19 H Haus,K Tamura,L Nelson,et al..Stretched-pulse additive pulse mode-locking in fiber ring lasers:theory and experiment[J].Quantum Electronics,IEEE Journal of,1995,31(3):591-598.
20 J Allain,M Monerie,H Poignant.Erbium-doped fluorozirconate single-mode fibre lasing at 2.71 mm[J].Electronics Letters,1989,25(1):28-29.
21 M Pollnau.The route toward a diode-pumped 1-W erbium 3-mm fiber laser[J].IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,1997,33(11):1982-1990.
22 B Srinivasan,J Tafoya,R Jain.High-power"Watt-level"CW operation ofdiode-pumped 2.7 mm fiber lasers using efficient cross-relaxation and energy transfer mechanisms[J].Opt Express,1999,4(12):490-495.
23 S D Jackson,T A King,M Pollnau.Efficient high power operation of erbium 3 vm fiber laser diode-pumped at 975 nm[J].Electronics Letters,2000,36(3):223-224.
24 X Zhu,R Jain.Compact 2 W wavelength-tunable Er:ZBLAN mid-infrared fiber laser[J].Opt Lett,2007,32(16):2381-2383.
25 S Tokita,M Hirokane,M Murakami,et al..Stable 10 W Er:ZBLAN fiber laser operating at 2.71~2.88 mm[J].Opt Lett,2010,35(23):3943-3945.
26 Luo Hongyu,Li Jianfeng,He Yulian,et al..High power passively Q-switched Ho3+-doped mid-infrared ZBLAN fiber lasers at 2.97 mm[J].Chinese J Lasers,2014,41(2):0202003.罗鸿禹,李剑锋,何雨莲,等.高功率2.97 mm中红外被动调Q掺钬ZBLAN光纤激光器[J].中国激光,2014,41(2):0202003.
27 J W Fleming.Fluoride glass optical fibres[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,1990,124(2-3):278.
28 S Tokita,M Murakami,S Shimizu,et al..Liquid-cooled 24 W mid-infrared Er∶ZBLAN fiber laser[J].Opt Lett,2009,34(20):3062-3064.
29 X Zhu,R Jain.High power diode-pumped Er:ZBLAN double-clad fiber lasers and amplifiers[C].OSA,2006:OSu B3.
30 S Tokita,M Murakami,S Shimizu,et al..12 W Q-switched Er∶ZBLAN fiber laser at 2.8 mm[J].Opt Lett,2011,36(15):2812-2814.
31 T Y Tsai,Y C Fang,H X Tsao,et al..Passively cascade-pulsed erbium ZBLAN all-fiber laser[J].Opt Express,2012,20(12):12787-12792.
32 C Wei,X Zhu,R Norwood,et al..Er3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser Q-switched by Fe∶Zn Se[C].Lasers and Electro-Optics(CLEO),2012 Conference on.IEEE,2012:1-2.
33 X Li,X Liu,L Zhang,et al..Emission enhancement in Er3+/Pr3+-codoped germanate glasses and their use as a 2.7-mm lasermaterial[J].Chin Opt Lett,2013,11(12):121601.
34 X Zhu,R Jain.10-W-level diode-pumped compact 2.78 mm ZBLAN fiber laser[J].Opt Lett,2007,32(1):26-28.
35 M Gorjan,R Petkovek,M Marinek,et al..High-power pulsed diode-pumped Er∶ZBLAN fiber laser[J].Opt Lett,2011,36(10):1923-1925.
36 Y Huang,M Mortier,F Auzel.Stark level analysis for Er3+-doped ZBLAN glass[J].Opt Mater,2001,17(4):501-511.
37 N Libatique,J Tafoya,N Viswanathan,et al..‘Field-usable’diode-pumped~120 nm wavelength-tunable CW mid-IR fibre laser[J].Electron Lett,2000,36(9):791-792.
2 E Snitzer.Optical maser action of Nd3+in a barium crown glass[J].Phys Rev Lett,1961,7(12):444.
3 Shen Rensheng,Zhang Yushu,Du Guotong.Latest development of fiber lasers[J].Semiconductor Optoelectronics,2009,30(1):1-5.申人升,张玉书,杜国同.光纤激光器研究进展[J].半导体光电,2009,30(1):1-5.
4 Yang Qing,Yu Benli,Zhen Shenglai,et al..The survey of optic fiber lasers[J].Optoelectronic Technology&Information,2002,15(5):13-18.杨青,俞本立,甄胜来,等.光纤激光器的发展现状[J].光电子技术与信息,2002,15(5):13-18.
5 Liu Songhao.New development of fiber laser[J].Optoelectronic Technology&Information,2003,16(1):1-8.刘颂豪.光纤激光器的新进展[J].光电子技术与信息,2003,16(1):1-8.
6 Dong Shufu.Researches on the Rear Earth Doped Fiber Laser[D].Xi′an:Xi′an Institute of Optics&Precision Mechnics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2004:1-10.董淑福.稀土掺杂光纤激光器研究[D].西安:中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所,2004:1-10.
7 Xi Congling,Qiao Xueguang,Jia Zhenan,Research and development foreground of fiber optic laser[J].Optical Communication Technology,2006,30(1):52-54.习聪玲,乔学光,贾振安.光纤激光器的研究与发展前景[J].光通信技术,2006,30(1):52-54.
8 Li Dajun,Du Geguo.The recent research progress of Tm3+-doped fiber lasers[J].Laser Technology,2007,31(5):540-543.黎大军,杜戈果.掺铥光纤激光器研究进展[J].激光技术,2007,31(5):540-543.
9 Chen Hao,Li Jianfeng,Ou Zhonghua,et al..Progress of mid-infrared fiber lasers[J],Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2011,48(11):111402.陈昊,李剑峰,欧中华,等.中红外光纤激光器的研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2011,48(11):111402.
10 Hou Lantian,Han Ying.Recent progress and application of optical fiber lasers[J].Journal of Yanshan University,2011,35(2):95-101.侯蓝田,韩颖.光纤激光器的发展与应用[J].燕山大学学报,2011,35(2):95-101.
11 Li li,Zeng Wenfeng,Jiang Heng,et al..The recent research progress of Tm3+-doped fiber laser[J].Laser Journal,2011,32(1):60-61.李莉,曾文锋,江恒,等.掺铥光纤激光器研究进展[J].激光杂志,2011,32(1):60-61.
12 Hu Renwen.The application and recent progress of optical fiber lasers[J].Science&Technology Information,2013,(33):82-82.胡人文.光纤激光器的应用及发展综述[J].科技信息,2013,(33):82-82.
13 D Faucher,M Bernier,N Caron,et al..Erbium-doped all-fiber laser at 2.94 mm[J].Opt Lett,2009,34(21):3313-3315.
14 C Wei,X Zhu,R A Norwood,et al..Passively continuous-wave mode-locked Er3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser at 2.8 mm[J].Opt Lett 2012,37(18):3849-3851.
15 D Hudson,L Anderson,E Magi,et al..Diode-pumped Ho3+,Pr3+-doped fluoride glass double clad fibre laser tuneable from 2.825 mm to 2.90 mm[C].Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series,2011 IEEE,2011:87-88.
16 G Zhu,X Zhu,K Balakrishnan,et al..Fe2+:Zn Se and graphene Q-switched singly Ho3+-doped ZBLAN fiber lasers at 3 mm[J].Opt Mater Express,2013,3(9):1365-1377.
17 K Ramaswamy,C Jia,M Dastmalchi,et al..Dual-wavelength Tm3+:ZBLAN fiber lasers[C].OSA,2013:F2.4.
18 Wang Pu,Liu Jiang.Progress and prospect on ultrafast Tm-doped fiber lasers at 2 mm wavelength[J].Chinese J Lasers,2013,40(6):0601002.王璞,刘江.2.0 mm掺铥超短脉冲光纤激光器研究进展及展望[J].中国激光,2013,40(6):0601002.
19 H Haus,K Tamura,L Nelson,et al..Stretched-pulse additive pulse mode-locking in fiber ring lasers:theory and experiment[J].Quantum Electronics,IEEE Journal of,1995,31(3):591-598.
20 J Allain,M Monerie,H Poignant.Erbium-doped fluorozirconate single-mode fibre lasing at 2.71 mm[J].Electronics Letters,1989,25(1):28-29.
21 M Pollnau.The route toward a diode-pumped 1-W erbium 3-mm fiber laser[J].IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,1997,33(11):1982-1990.
22 B Srinivasan,J Tafoya,R Jain.High-power"Watt-level"CW operation ofdiode-pumped 2.7 mm fiber lasers using efficient cross-relaxation and energy transfer mechanisms[J].Opt Express,1999,4(12):490-495.
23 S D Jackson,T A King,M Pollnau.Efficient high power operation of erbium 3 vm fiber laser diode-pumped at 975 nm[J].Electronics Letters,2000,36(3):223-224.
24 X Zhu,R Jain.Compact 2 W wavelength-tunable Er:ZBLAN mid-infrared fiber laser[J].Opt Lett,2007,32(16):2381-2383.
25 S Tokita,M Hirokane,M Murakami,et al..Stable 10 W Er:ZBLAN fiber laser operating at 2.71~2.88 mm[J].Opt Lett,2010,35(23):3943-3945.
26 Luo Hongyu,Li Jianfeng,He Yulian,et al..High power passively Q-switched Ho3+-doped mid-infrared ZBLAN fiber lasers at 2.97 mm[J].Chinese J Lasers,2014,41(2):0202003.罗鸿禹,李剑锋,何雨莲,等.高功率2.97 mm中红外被动调Q掺钬ZBLAN光纤激光器[J].中国激光,2014,41(2):0202003.
27 J W Fleming.Fluoride glass optical fibres[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,1990,124(2-3):278.
28 S Tokita,M Murakami,S Shimizu,et al..Liquid-cooled 24 W mid-infrared Er∶ZBLAN fiber laser[J].Opt Lett,2009,34(20):3062-3064.
29 X Zhu,R Jain.High power diode-pumped Er:ZBLAN double-clad fiber lasers and amplifiers[C].OSA,2006:OSu B3.
30 S Tokita,M Murakami,S Shimizu,et al..12 W Q-switched Er∶ZBLAN fiber laser at 2.8 mm[J].Opt Lett,2011,36(15):2812-2814.
31 T Y Tsai,Y C Fang,H X Tsao,et al..Passively cascade-pulsed erbium ZBLAN all-fiber laser[J].Opt Express,2012,20(12):12787-12792.
32 C Wei,X Zhu,R Norwood,et al..Er3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser Q-switched by Fe∶Zn Se[C].Lasers and Electro-Optics(CLEO),2012 Conference on.IEEE,2012:1-2.
33 X Li,X Liu,L Zhang,et al..Emission enhancement in Er3+/Pr3+-codoped germanate glasses and their use as a 2.7-mm lasermaterial[J].Chin Opt Lett,2013,11(12):121601.
34 X Zhu,R Jain.10-W-level diode-pumped compact 2.78 mm ZBLAN fiber laser[J].Opt Lett,2007,32(1):26-28.
35 M Gorjan,R Petkovek,M Marinek,et al..High-power pulsed diode-pumped Er∶ZBLAN fiber laser[J].Opt Lett,2011,36(10):1923-1925.
36 Y Huang,M Mortier,F Auzel.Stark level analysis for Er3+-doped ZBLAN glass[J].Opt Mater,2001,17(4):501-511.
37 N Libatique,J Tafoya,N Viswanathan,et al..‘Field-usable’diode-pumped~120 nm wavelength-tunable CW mid-IR fibre laser[J].Electron Lett,2000,36(9):791-792.