宋代牛羊司相关问题研究
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摘要
宋代牛羊司既是一个政府机构,也是重要的畜牧业管理机构。它在运行过程中职能不断完善,形成了对牲畜的完整的选择和处理流程,其人员待遇总体而言比较优厚。受国家政策影响,史料记载的牛羊司牲畜主要是羊豕,实际上牛也是存在的,皇帝及政府高层对牛的态度是非常隐晦的。牛羊司在规范国家礼仪制度、促进君臣关系和谐、加强各国政治关系方面起到了不可磨灭的重要作用,但其冗费问题严重,是一大弊病。
The Agency of cattle and Sheep in Song Dynasty is not only a government organization,but also an important animal husbandry management organization. In the course of its operation,its functions are constantly improved,forming a complete selection and treatment process for livestock,and its personnel treatment is relatively good in general. Under the influence of state policy,the records in history are mainly sheep and rags. In fact,cattle also exist,and the attitude of the emperor and the upper echelons of the government towards cattle is very obscure. The agency has played an indelible role in standardizing the national etiquette system,promoting the harmonious relationship between monarch and subject,and strengthening the political relations of various countries,but the problem of redundancy is serious,which is a major drawback.
The Agency of cattle and Sheep in Song Dynasty is not only a government organization,but also an important animal husbandry management organization. In the course of its operation,its functions are constantly improved,forming a complete selection and treatment process for livestock,and its personnel treatment is relatively good in general. Under the influence of state policy,the records in history are mainly sheep and rags. In fact,cattle also exist,and the attitude of the emperor and the upper echelons of the government towards cattle is very obscure. The agency has played an indelible role in standardizing the national etiquette system,promoting the harmonious relationship between monarch and subject,and strengthening the political relations of various countries,but the problem of redundancy is serious,which is a major drawback.
引文
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[2]张显运.宋代牛羊司述论[J].中国农史,2011(10):23-29.
[3]赵翼.廿二史札记校正[M].北京:中华书局,2001:534.
[4]李焘.续资治通鉴长编[M].北京:中华书局,2017.
[5]徐松.宋会要辑稿[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2004.
[6]杨仲良.皇宋通鉴长编纪事本末[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2006:2245.
[7]华镇.云溪居士集[M].宋集珍本丛刊本.北京:线装书局,2004:338.
[8]熊克.皇朝中兴纪事本末[M].北京:北京图书馆出版社,2005:465.
[9]汪圣铎.两宋财政史[M].北京:中华书局,1995.
[10]王十朋.王十朋全集[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1998:582.
[11]邢铁.宋代耕牛出租与客户地位[J].中国史研究,1985(3):36.
[12]班固.汉书[M].清乾隆武英殿刻本:367.
[13]稽璜.续通典[M].影印文渊阁四库全书本:1163.
[14]李攸.宋朝事实[M].台北:台湾文海出版社,1967:261-262.
[15]司马光.司马温公集编年笺注[M].成都:巴蜀书社,2009:32.
[16]蹇雪.宋朝牛酒研究——兼论怀柔之术[J].西安文理学院学报(社会科学版),2018(3):35-38.
[17]王艳.宋朝物质赏赐研究[D].开封:河南大学,2013:166.