山药种质资源的分类及综合分析
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摘要
为对山药品种资源分类和种质保护提供参考,以30份山药品种资源为试材,采用形态学遗传分析方法,对山药品种资源进行差异性和聚类分析,结果表明:30份山药种质资源的形态指标具有一定的多样性和差异性,23个形态指标之间变异系数均较高,变异系数在16.41%～64.19%之间。其中零余子形状变异系数最大,达到64.19%,块茎形状次之,叶宽变异系数最小,为16.41%。30份山药品种资源在遗传距离25处,分为2类,遗传距离在7处分为5类。山药品种资源受生态区域影响较大,根据起源生态区域可划分为北方山药、日本山药和南方山药,与聚类分析结果基本一致,但同一山药品种在不同生态区域的形态特征有差异。因此,在山药的植物学分类或园艺学分类中,应综合考虑山药的形态特征和生态特性。
To provide references for yam classification and species character conservation, difference and cluster analysis were conducted by using morphology genetic analysis of 30 yam germplasm resources. The results showed that the morphological index had certain diversity and difference of 30 yam germplasm resources. The coefficient of variation between the 23 morphological indicators were higher. The coefficient of variation was between 16.41% and 64.19%. Among them, the coefficient of variation in the shape of bulbil was the largest, reaching 64.19%, followed by the shape of the tuber, and the coefficient of variation in leaf width was the smallest, which was 16.41%.The 30 yam germplasm resources were classified into 2 groups with genetic distance of 25. They were classified to 5 groups with genetic distance of 7. The ecological region had great influence on the resources of yam varieties. According to the origin of the ecological region, the resources of yam varieties could be divided into northern Yam, Japanese yam and southern Yam, and the results were basically the same as the cluster analysis results, but the morphological characteristics of the same yam variety in different ecological regions were different. Therefore, in the botany classification or horticultural classification of yams, the morphological characteristics and ecological characteristics of yams should be considered comprehensively.
To provide references for yam classification and species character conservation, difference and cluster analysis were conducted by using morphology genetic analysis of 30 yam germplasm resources. The results showed that the morphological index had certain diversity and difference of 30 yam germplasm resources. The coefficient of variation between the 23 morphological indicators were higher. The coefficient of variation was between 16.41% and 64.19%. Among them, the coefficient of variation in the shape of bulbil was the largest, reaching 64.19%, followed by the shape of the tuber, and the coefficient of variation in leaf width was the smallest, which was 16.41%.The 30 yam germplasm resources were classified into 2 groups with genetic distance of 25. They were classified to 5 groups with genetic distance of 7. The ecological region had great influence on the resources of yam varieties. According to the origin of the ecological region, the resources of yam varieties could be divided into northern Yam, Japanese yam and southern Yam, and the results were basically the same as the cluster analysis results, but the morphological characteristics of the same yam variety in different ecological regions were different. Therefore, in the botany classification or horticultural classification of yams, the morphological characteristics and ecological characteristics of yams should be considered comprehensively.
引文
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[3] 覃维治,韦本辉,甘秀芹,等.淮山药种质资源主要农艺性状遗传多样性分析[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(10):1726-1733.
[4] 刘向宇,霍秀文,杨明,等.山药种质资源的ISSR分析及初级核心种质库的构建[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(5):0915-0921.
[5] 蔡金辉,严渐子,黄晓辉,等.山药品种资源的分类研究[J].江西农业大学学报,1999,21(1):53-57.
[6] 张忠武,孙信成,詹远华,等.豇豆种质资源农艺性状的相关性、主成分及聚类分析[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(36):63-71.
[7] 周生茂.山药不同基因型地下块茎糖类和分类物质形成、调控及相关基因分离的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009.
[8] 黄姗.山药种质资源的形态分类、SRAP标记分析及DNA指纹图谱初步构建[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[9] 黄玉仙,王丰青,杜家方,等.薯蓣属植物种质资源形态变异的数量分析[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(3):318-324.
[10] 何海玲,单承莺,张卫明,等.山药研究进展[J].中国野生植物资源,2006,25(6):1-6.
[11] 梁任繁,王军民,覃芳,等.广西山药种质资源聚类分析[J].中国蔬菜,2009(4):30-34.
[12] 白史且,苟文龙,张新全,等.假俭草种群变异与生态特性的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2002,32(4):98-101.
[13] 张龙进,李桂双,白成科,等.山茱萸种质资源数量性状评价及相关性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2012,13(4):655-659.
[14] 殷冬梅,李拴柱,崔党群.花生主要农艺性状的相关性及聚类分析[J].中国油料作物学报,2010,32(2):212-216.
[15] 徐鑫.山药种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD和AFLP分析[D]. 新乡:河南师范大学,2006.