后生产主义下消费农村的理论和实践
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摘要
随着改革开放的不断深入及我国人民温饱问题的解决,我国农村社区和农业生产发生巨大变化.在一些经济发展较快的大城市周边农村地区,农村生产功能逐渐减弱,而农村的休闲、娱乐、文化、教育等消费功能逐渐增强,形成了将乡村性特征商品化的消费农村模式.消费农村产生于生产主义向后生产主义演变的背景下,通过商品化将具有乡村性表征的农业生产要素及农村其它自然、人文要素扩展为消费的对象.基于农村空间商品化理论,结合各种文献对消费农村的概念、形式的综述,本文对北京郊区消费农村实际状况进行了检验,以期为我国农村地区发展提供新的研究视角.实践证明,通过消费农村的活动不仅使农户经济收入来源增多,有利于农村资源的保护和地方文化和遗产的传承,还有益于建立密切的城乡要素互动.为推进消费农村的开展,政府应加强对消费农村的引导,给予农户资金、信息、技术等方面的支持以及培养农户挖掘地方性的能力.
With the development of the reform and opening up,the problems of food and clothing have been solved in China,great changes have taken place in the rural society and agricultural production.Around the rapid developing cities,rural areas have appeared more functions than before,such as the functions of leisure,relaxation,culture and education.The production functions of rural areas have been weakened in the present,instead,the feature of rurality has become the object of commercialization,and the consumption functions have been formed.Theoretically,rurality consumption was resulted from the transformation from productivism to post-productivism.With the commercialization of rurality and rural space,the scope of rurality consumption has been expanded,more and more agricultural production factors and other natural and human factors with the feature of rurality have been realized as the consumption objects.Based on the theory of spatial commercialization and the summary of rurality consumption in concept and in form,the case studies in the rural areas of Beijing was checked,in order to provide a new thinking way for the rural development in China.The concerned practice shows that,the farmers' income has been raised,the protection of rural resources has been realized,the inheritance of rural cultures and heritage has been strengthened,and the urban-rural relationship has been improved by the development of rurality consumption.To promote rurality consumption,the governments should strengthen the policy guidance,provide supports of funds,information and technology to the farmers,develop their skills to seek out various rural resources.
With the development of the reform and opening up,the problems of food and clothing have been solved in China,great changes have taken place in the rural society and agricultural production.Around the rapid developing cities,rural areas have appeared more functions than before,such as the functions of leisure,relaxation,culture and education.The production functions of rural areas have been weakened in the present,instead,the feature of rurality has become the object of commercialization,and the consumption functions have been formed.Theoretically,rurality consumption was resulted from the transformation from productivism to post-productivism.With the commercialization of rurality and rural space,the scope of rurality consumption has been expanded,more and more agricultural production factors and other natural and human factors with the feature of rurality have been realized as the consumption objects.Based on the theory of spatial commercialization and the summary of rurality consumption in concept and in form,the case studies in the rural areas of Beijing was checked,in order to provide a new thinking way for the rural development in China.The concerned practice shows that,the farmers' income has been raised,the protection of rural resources has been realized,the inheritance of rural cultures and heritage has been strengthened,and the urban-rural relationship has been improved by the development of rurality consumption.To promote rurality consumption,the governments should strengthen the policy guidance,provide supports of funds,information and technology to the farmers,develop their skills to seek out various rural resources.
引文
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[2]龙花楼,李裕瑞,刘彦随.中国空心化村庄演化特征及其动力机制[J].地理学报,2009,64(10):1203-1213.
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[12]王鹏飞.论北京农村空间的商品化与城乡关系[J].地理学报,2013,68(12):1657-67.
[13]Garrod B,Wornell R,Youell R.Re-conceptualising rural resources as countryside capital:the case of rural tourism[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2006,22(1):117-128.
[14]Arie R,Oded L,Ady M.Rural tourism in Israel:service quality and orientation[J].Tourism Management,2000,21(5):451-459.
[15]尤海涛,马波,陈磊.乡村旅游的本质回归:乡村性的认知与保护[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2012,22(9):158-162.
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[17]Jewitt S,Baker K.The Green Revolution re-assessed:insider perspectives on agrarian change in Bulandshahr District,Western Uttar Pradesh,India[J].Geoforum,2007,38(1):73-89.
[18]Bowler I.Some consequences of the industrialisation of agriculture in the European Community[M]//Healey M,Ilbery B W.The industrialisation of the countryside.Norwich:Geo Books,1985.
[19]Burton R.Seeing through the good farmer's eyes:towards developing an understanding of the social symbolic value of productivist behaviour[J].Sociologia Ruralis,2004,44(2):195-215.
[20]Woods M.Rural Geography[M].London:SAGE Publications,2005.
[21]Potter C,Tilzey M.Agricultural policy discourses in the European post-Fordist transition:neoliberalism,neomercantilism and multifunctionality[J].Progress in Human Geography,2005,29(5):581-600.
[22]Bjrkhaug H,Richards C A.Multifunctional agriculture in policy and practice?A comparative analysis of Norway and Australia[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2008,24(1):98-111.
[23]林若琪,蔡运龙.转型期乡村多功能性及景观重塑[J].人文地理,2012(2):45-49.
[24]Wilson G A.Post-productivist and multifunctional agriculture[J].International Encyclopedia of Human Geography,2009:379–386.
[25]Lapping M B,Daniels T L,Keller J W.Rural planning and development in the United States[M].New York:Guilford Press,1989.
[26]North D.The geography of rural changes[M].Harlow:Addison Wesley Longman,1998.
[27]Ray C.Culture,intellectual property and territorial rural development[J].Sociologia Ruralis,38(1):3-19.
[28]周永广.乡村旅游业可尺度发展研究——以基层组织和机制创新为切入点[M].浙江:浙江浙江大学出版社,2011.
[29]Baudrillard J.For a critique of the political economy of the sign[M].St.Louis:Telos Press,1981.
[30]Adler J.Origins of sightseeing[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1989,16:7-29.
[31]冯健,周一星.郊区化进程中北京城市内部迁居及相关空间行为——基于千份问卷调查的分析[J].地理研究,2004,23(2):227-42.
[32]宗晓莲.旅游地空间商品化的形式与影响研究——以云南省丽江古城为例[J].旅游学刊,2005,20(4):30-36.
[33]朱竑,韩亚林,陈晓亮.藏族歌曲对西藏旅游地形象感知的影响[J].地理学报,2010,65(8):991-1002
[34]Phillips M.The production,symbolization and socialization of gentrification:impression from two Berkshire villages[J].Transaction of the Institute of British Geographers,2002,27(3):282-308.
[35]Gibson C,Davidson D.Tamworth,Australia’s country music capital:place marketing,rurality,and resident reactions[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2004,20(4):387-404.
[36]刘爱利,刘福承,邓志勇,等.文化地理学视角下的声景研究及相关进展[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(11):1452-1461.
[37]蔡晓梅,朱竑,司徒尚纪.广东饮食文化景观及其区域分异研究[J].热带地理,2011,31(3):321-27.
[38]Tregear A.From Stilton to Vimto:using food history to re-think typical products in rural development[J].Sociologia Ruralis,2003,43:91-107.
[39]王鹏飞,鲁奇,傅桦,等.1980-2000北京市农业土地生产性的变动分析[J].地理研究,2006,25(4):719-729.
[40]杨雪,谈明洪.近年来北京市耕地多功能演变及其关联性[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(5):733-743.
[2]龙花楼,李裕瑞,刘彦随.中国空心化村庄演化特征及其动力机制[J].地理学报,2009,64(10):1203-1213.
[3]国家统计局农村社会经济调查司.中国农村统计年鉴[Z].中国统计出版社,2009.
[4]郭焕成,韩非.中国乡村旅游发展综述[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(12):1597-1605.
[5]宋志军,刘黎明.北京市城郊农业区多功能演变的空间特征[J].地理科学,2011(4):427-433.
[6]北京市旅游委员会.2010年北京乡村旅游[M].北京:中国旅游出版社,2011.
[7]刘军萍.观光农业:让农业产业走向旅游产业[J].国土经济,2001(1):17-18.
[8]熊凯.乡村意象与乡村旅游开发当议[J].地域研究与开发,1999,18(3):70一73.
[9]杨兴柱,陆林,王群.农户参与旅游决策行为结构模型及其应用[J].地理学报,2005,60(6):928-940.
[10]Best S.The commodification of reality and the reality of commodification:Jean Baudrillard and post-modernism[J].Current Perspectives and Planning A,1989,19:23-51.
[11]Cloke P.The countryside as commodity:New rural spaces for leisure[M]//Glypties S.Leisure and the environment:essays in honour of professor J.A.Patmore.London:Bellhaven,1993.
[12]王鹏飞.论北京农村空间的商品化与城乡关系[J].地理学报,2013,68(12):1657-67.
[13]Garrod B,Wornell R,Youell R.Re-conceptualising rural resources as countryside capital:the case of rural tourism[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2006,22(1):117-128.
[14]Arie R,Oded L,Ady M.Rural tourism in Israel:service quality and orientation[J].Tourism Management,2000,21(5):451-459.
[15]尤海涛,马波,陈磊.乡村旅游的本质回归:乡村性的认知与保护[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2012,22(9):158-162.
[16]Ilbery B,Bowler I.From agricultural productivism to post-productivism[J].Geography of Rural Change,1998:57-84.
[17]Jewitt S,Baker K.The Green Revolution re-assessed:insider perspectives on agrarian change in Bulandshahr District,Western Uttar Pradesh,India[J].Geoforum,2007,38(1):73-89.
[18]Bowler I.Some consequences of the industrialisation of agriculture in the European Community[M]//Healey M,Ilbery B W.The industrialisation of the countryside.Norwich:Geo Books,1985.
[19]Burton R.Seeing through the good farmer's eyes:towards developing an understanding of the social symbolic value of productivist behaviour[J].Sociologia Ruralis,2004,44(2):195-215.
[20]Woods M.Rural Geography[M].London:SAGE Publications,2005.
[21]Potter C,Tilzey M.Agricultural policy discourses in the European post-Fordist transition:neoliberalism,neomercantilism and multifunctionality[J].Progress in Human Geography,2005,29(5):581-600.
[22]Bjrkhaug H,Richards C A.Multifunctional agriculture in policy and practice?A comparative analysis of Norway and Australia[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2008,24(1):98-111.
[23]林若琪,蔡运龙.转型期乡村多功能性及景观重塑[J].人文地理,2012(2):45-49.
[24]Wilson G A.Post-productivist and multifunctional agriculture[J].International Encyclopedia of Human Geography,2009:379–386.
[25]Lapping M B,Daniels T L,Keller J W.Rural planning and development in the United States[M].New York:Guilford Press,1989.
[26]North D.The geography of rural changes[M].Harlow:Addison Wesley Longman,1998.
[27]Ray C.Culture,intellectual property and territorial rural development[J].Sociologia Ruralis,38(1):3-19.
[28]周永广.乡村旅游业可尺度发展研究——以基层组织和机制创新为切入点[M].浙江:浙江浙江大学出版社,2011.
[29]Baudrillard J.For a critique of the political economy of the sign[M].St.Louis:Telos Press,1981.
[30]Adler J.Origins of sightseeing[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1989,16:7-29.
[31]冯健,周一星.郊区化进程中北京城市内部迁居及相关空间行为——基于千份问卷调查的分析[J].地理研究,2004,23(2):227-42.
[32]宗晓莲.旅游地空间商品化的形式与影响研究——以云南省丽江古城为例[J].旅游学刊,2005,20(4):30-36.
[33]朱竑,韩亚林,陈晓亮.藏族歌曲对西藏旅游地形象感知的影响[J].地理学报,2010,65(8):991-1002
[34]Phillips M.The production,symbolization and socialization of gentrification:impression from two Berkshire villages[J].Transaction of the Institute of British Geographers,2002,27(3):282-308.
[35]Gibson C,Davidson D.Tamworth,Australia’s country music capital:place marketing,rurality,and resident reactions[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2004,20(4):387-404.
[36]刘爱利,刘福承,邓志勇,等.文化地理学视角下的声景研究及相关进展[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(11):1452-1461.
[37]蔡晓梅,朱竑,司徒尚纪.广东饮食文化景观及其区域分异研究[J].热带地理,2011,31(3):321-27.
[38]Tregear A.From Stilton to Vimto:using food history to re-think typical products in rural development[J].Sociologia Ruralis,2003,43:91-107.
[39]王鹏飞,鲁奇,傅桦,等.1980-2000北京市农业土地生产性的变动分析[J].地理研究,2006,25(4):719-729.
[40]杨雪,谈明洪.近年来北京市耕地多功能演变及其关联性[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(5):733-743.