乡村振兴视阈下农户多维贫困测度及扶贫策略
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摘要
乡村振兴的关键是打赢脱贫攻坚战。集中连片特困地区是我国精准扶贫的重点区域,致贫因素复杂,扶贫任务艰巨。基于秦巴山区农户的调查数据,运用A-F测度方法对农户多维贫困进行测度与分解,并运用Probit回归模型对其影响因素进行实证分析。结果表明:农户在厕所类型、做饭燃料、健康状况和受教育程度等方面存在严重的问题,贫困现象普遍。K=3时,农户多维贫困发生率高达90.56%,多维贫困指数为0.391 6;农户家庭65岁以上人数、耕地面积、地理位置和地理环境对农户多维贫困有显著正向影响;户主婚姻状况、受教育水平、健康状况、家庭人口数量等对农户多维贫困有显著负向影响。建议从生活水平、健康医疗、养老保障和教育等方面进行重点扶贫,使农户早日脱贫致富。
The key to China's rural revitalization is to win the battle against poverty. The concentrated contiguous poverty-striken areas should be paid special attention in precise poverty alleviation, where the factors leading to poverty are complex and the task of poverty alleviation is arduous. Based on the survey data of farmers in Qinba Mountain Area, the study uses A F measurement method to measure and decompose the multidimensional poverty of farmers, and applies Probit regression model on its influencing factors. The study finds that farmers have severe poverty in terms of toilet type, cooking fuel, health status and education level. When K=3, the multi-dimensional poverty rate of farmers is as high as 90.56%, while the multidimensional poverty index is 0.391 6; the number of people over 65 years old, the area of cultivated land, geographical location and geographical environment have significant positive impact on the multidimensional poverty of farmers, while the marital status, education level, health status and family size have significant negative impact. It is recommended to focus on poverty alleviation from the aspects of living standards, health care, old age security and education, so as to prompt farmers to get rid of poverty and become well-off as soon as possible.
The key to China's rural revitalization is to win the battle against poverty. The concentrated contiguous poverty-striken areas should be paid special attention in precise poverty alleviation, where the factors leading to poverty are complex and the task of poverty alleviation is arduous. Based on the survey data of farmers in Qinba Mountain Area, the study uses A F measurement method to measure and decompose the multidimensional poverty of farmers, and applies Probit regression model on its influencing factors. The study finds that farmers have severe poverty in terms of toilet type, cooking fuel, health status and education level. When K=3, the multi-dimensional poverty rate of farmers is as high as 90.56%, while the multidimensional poverty index is 0.391 6; the number of people over 65 years old, the area of cultivated land, geographical location and geographical environment have significant positive impact on the multidimensional poverty of farmers, while the marital status, education level, health status and family size have significant negative impact. It is recommended to focus on poverty alleviation from the aspects of living standards, health care, old age security and education, so as to prompt farmers to get rid of poverty and become well-off as soon as possible.
引文
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[27] 高艳云.中国城乡多维贫困的测度及比较[J].统计研究,2012,29(11):61-66.
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[30] 国务院扶贫开发领导小组办公室.秦巴山片区区域发展与扶贫攻坚规划(2011-2020年)[EB/OL].[2013-04-25].http://dqs.ndrc.gov.cn/qygh/201304/t20130425_538612.html.
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[33] 王春超,叶琴.中国农民工多维贫困的演进——基于收入与教育维度的考察[J].经济研究,2014(12):159-174.
[2] 姜德波,彭程.城市化进程中的乡村衰落现象:成因及治理——“乡村振兴战略”实施视角的分析[J].南京审计大学学报,2018(1):16-24.
[3] 罗必良.明确发展思路,实施乡村振兴战略[J].南方经济,2017(10):8-11.
[4] 习近平.在深度贫困地区脱贫攻坚座谈会上的讲话[EB/OL].(2017-08-31)[2017-08-31].http://politics.people.com.cn/n1/2017/0831/c1024-29507971.html.
[5] 央视网.习近平出席庆祝改革开放40周年大会并发表重要讲话[EB/OL].(2018-12-18)[2018-12-18].http://news.cctv.com/2018/12/18/artilyndgjijtxod6vj9lsyn181218.shtml.
[6] 董铭胜.有效应对脱贫攻坚面临的困难和挑战(人民观察)[EB/OL].(2017-08-31)[2018-10-23].http://www.cpad.gov.cn/art/2018/10/23/art_56_90541.html.
[7] 汪三贵,曾小溪.从区域扶贫开发到精准扶贫——改革开放40年中国扶贫政策的演进及脱贫攻坚的难点和对策[J].农业经济问题,2018(8):40-50.
[8] 刘彦随,周扬,刘继来.中国农村贫困化地域分异特征及其精准扶贫策略[J].中国科学院院刊,2016(3):269-278.
[9] 郭建宇,吴国宝.基于不同指标及权重选择的多维贫困测量——以山西省贫困县为例[J].中国农村经济,2012(2):12-20.
[10] Sen Amartya.Commodities and Capabilities[M].Amsterdam:North-Holland,1985:46-58.
[11] 张志胜.精准扶贫领域贫困农民主体性的缺失与重塑——基于精神扶贫视角[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018,18(3):72-81.
[12] 高帅.社会地位、收入与多维贫困的动态演变——基于能力剥夺视角的分析[J].上海财经大学学报,2015,17(3):32-40.
[13] 王小林.贫困测量:理论与方法[M].2版.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2017:.
[14] 邹薇,方迎风.关于中国贫困的动态多维度研究[J].中国人口科学,2011(6):49-59.
[15] Sabina Alkire,James Foster.Counting and Multidimensional Poverty Measurement[J].Journal of Public Economics,2007,95(7):476-487.
[16] Alkire S,Seth S.Multidimensional Poverty Reduction in Lndia Between 1999 and 2006:4 Where and How?[J].World Development,2015,72:93-108.
[17] Batana Y M.Multidimensional Measurement of Poverty Among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa[J].Social Indicators Research,2013,12(2):337-362.
[18] 王小林,Sabina Alkire.中国多维贫困测量:估计和政策含义[J].中国农村经济,2009(12):4-10.
[19] 张全红,周强.中国贫困测度的多维方法和实证应用[J].中国软科学,2015(7):29-41.
[20] 郭熙保,周强.长期多维贫困、不平等与致贫因素[J].经济研究,2016(6):143-156.
[21] 谭燕芝,张子豪.社会网络、非正规金融与农户多维贫困[J].财经研究,2017,43(3):43-56.
[22] 高帅,毕洁颖.农村人口动态多维贫困:状态持续与转变[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(2):76-83.
[23] 谢家智,车四方.农村家庭多维贫困测度与分析[J].统计研究,2017,34(9):44-55.
[24] 石智雷,邹蔚然.库区农户的多维贫困及致贫机理分析[J].农业经济问题,2013,34(6):61-69.
[25] 张永丽,张佩,卢晓.农户多维贫困测度及其影响因素分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2017,17(5):138-147.
[26] 文宏,谭学兰.农村家庭“因教致贫”现象解读与政策建议——基于脆弱性理论视角[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2015,15(2):113-120.
[27] 高艳云.中国城乡多维贫困的测度及比较[J].统计研究,2012,29(11):61-66.
[28] 杨龙,汪三贵.贫困地区农户的多维贫困测量与分解——基于 2010 年中国农村贫困监测的农户数据[J].人口学刊,2015,37(2):15-25.
[29] 庄天慧,刘洪秀,张海霞.新阶段西南民族地区农户扶贫需求实证研究——基于1 739户农户的调查[J].农业经济问题,2011(10):83-88.
[30] 国务院扶贫开发领导小组办公室.秦巴山片区区域发展与扶贫攻坚规划(2011-2020年)[EB/OL].[2013-04-25].http://dqs.ndrc.gov.cn/qygh/201304/t20130425_538612.html.
[31] UNDP:Human Development Report 2010[EB/OL].[2011-12-20].http://hdr.undp.org.
[32] 周常春,翟羽佳,车震宇.连片特困区农户多维贫困测度及能力建设研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017(11):95-103.
[33] 王春超,叶琴.中国农民工多维贫困的演进——基于收入与教育维度的考察[J].经济研究,2014(12):159-174.