社会网络、土地规模与农户生产性投资
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摘要
改善小农户生产要素投入,引导其进入现代农业发展轨道,是实现小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接的基础。基于CFPS2016,从理论和实证层面分析了社会网络和土地经营规模对小农户流动性投资和固定投资的影响。研究发现,社会网络对农户生产性投资具有显著影响;伴随土地规模扩大,社会网络显著影响农户流动性投资;土地规模约束下,社会网络与农户流动性投资呈U型关系,而对农户机械投资影响不显著,这可以归因于分工经济和农业服务市场的形成。在"熟人社会"中,应营造良好的土地流转环境,以改善农户流动性要素投资;对于农户流动性投资水平不同的地区,要准确识别政策、市场和社会结构三者不同的功能和作用;构建"政府引导-市场主导-面向小农"的新型农业机械化服务体系,提高小农户的机械化水平。
The improvement in productivity-oriented investment of peasant household in agriculture is the foundation to connect the peasant household to modern agriculture. It is also vital to introduce the peasant household to the modern agriculture. In this paper, the impacts of the peasant household's social network and land scale on productivity-oriented investment in agriculture are analyzed theoretically and empirically based on CFPS2016. It shows that: the social network has a significant impact on productivityoriented investment of peasant household. With enlarging of landscale, social network has a significant effect on liquidity investment. The relationship between social network and liquidity investment of peasant household is U-shaped under the constraint of landscale. But the social network is not impact on fixed investment in agriculture because of economies of division of labor and agricultural service market.Therefore, in "acquaintance society", the better policy environments of land transfer should be created to improve liquidity investment of peasant household in agriculture. Meanwhile, in different areas with different levels of liquidity investment, it must identify the different functions of policy, market and social structure. With the construction of a new agricultural mechanization service system which is governmentled, market-oriented and pro-household, the level of mechanization can be improved in the future.
The improvement in productivity-oriented investment of peasant household in agriculture is the foundation to connect the peasant household to modern agriculture. It is also vital to introduce the peasant household to the modern agriculture. In this paper, the impacts of the peasant household's social network and land scale on productivity-oriented investment in agriculture are analyzed theoretically and empirically based on CFPS2016. It shows that: the social network has a significant impact on productivityoriented investment of peasant household. With enlarging of landscale, social network has a significant effect on liquidity investment. The relationship between social network and liquidity investment of peasant household is U-shaped under the constraint of landscale. But the social network is not impact on fixed investment in agriculture because of economies of division of labor and agricultural service market.Therefore, in "acquaintance society", the better policy environments of land transfer should be created to improve liquidity investment of peasant household in agriculture. Meanwhile, in different areas with different levels of liquidity investment, it must identify the different functions of policy, market and social structure. With the construction of a new agricultural mechanization service system which is governmentled, market-oriented and pro-household, the level of mechanization can be improved in the future.
引文
[1]顾天竹,纪月清,钟甫宁.中国农业生产的地块规模经济及其来源分析[J].中国农村经济,2017(2):30-43.
[2]陈奕山,钟甫宁,纪月清.为什么土地流转中存在零租金?---人情租视角的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2017(4):43-56.
[3]叶兴庆.演进轨迹、困境摆脱与转变我国农业发展方式的政策选择[J].改革,2016(6):22-39.
[4]钟涨宝,汪萍.农地流转过程中的农户行为分析---湖北、浙江等地的农户问卷调查[J].中国农村观察,2003(6):55-64.
[5]黄增付.农民土地转出中的道义理性选择及现实困境---以核心产粮区典型村庄为例[J].农业经济问题,2016(7):81-89.
[6]张桂颖,吕东辉.乡村社会嵌入与农户农地流转行为---基于吉林省936户农户调查数据的实证分析[J].农业技术经济,2017(8):57-66.
[7]朱喜,史清华,李锐.转型时期农户的经营投资行为---以长三角15村跟踪观察农户为例[J].经济学(季刊),2010(2):713-730.
[8]HARTC E,LENCES H.Financial constrains and farm investment:abayesianexamination[J].Journal of Business and Economic Statistics,2004,22(1):51-63.
[9]柳凌韵,周宏.正规金融约束、规模农地流入与农机长期投资---基于水稻种植规模农户的数据调查[J].农业经济问题,2017(9):65-76.
[10]张顺,郭小弦.社会网络资源及其收入效应研究---基于分位回归模型分析[J].社会,2011(1):94-111.
[11]罗必良.农地流转的市场逻辑---“产权强度-禀赋效应-交易装置”的分析线索及案例研究[J].南方经济,2014(5):1-24.
[12]Latruffe L,Piet L.Does land fragmentation affect farm performance?:A case study from Brittany,France[J].Agricultural Systems,2014,(129):68-80.
[13]焦长权,周飞舟.“资本下乡”与村庄的再造[J].中国社会科学,2016(1):100-116.
[14]仇童伟,罗必良.农业要素市场建设视野的规模经营路径[J].改革,2018(3):90-102.
(1)“不完全城镇化”又称“伪城镇化”,是指由于制度约束,大量农业转移人口虽然居住在城市,但不能像市民一样同等享受城市的公共服务,其收入水平和消费差距都与一般城市居民存在一定差距。
(1)CFPS样本地区不包含西藏、青海、新疆、宁夏、内蒙古、海南。
(1)权重根据熵值和信息熵冗余度计算得出,最终社会网络变量由下式给出:socialnw=0.2682×外出就餐费+0 .3064×文化娱乐支出+0.1038×交通通信工具费+0.0105×人情支出+0.3112×家庭中共党员占比。
[2]陈奕山,钟甫宁,纪月清.为什么土地流转中存在零租金?---人情租视角的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2017(4):43-56.
[3]叶兴庆.演进轨迹、困境摆脱与转变我国农业发展方式的政策选择[J].改革,2016(6):22-39.
[4]钟涨宝,汪萍.农地流转过程中的农户行为分析---湖北、浙江等地的农户问卷调查[J].中国农村观察,2003(6):55-64.
[5]黄增付.农民土地转出中的道义理性选择及现实困境---以核心产粮区典型村庄为例[J].农业经济问题,2016(7):81-89.
[6]张桂颖,吕东辉.乡村社会嵌入与农户农地流转行为---基于吉林省936户农户调查数据的实证分析[J].农业技术经济,2017(8):57-66.
[7]朱喜,史清华,李锐.转型时期农户的经营投资行为---以长三角15村跟踪观察农户为例[J].经济学(季刊),2010(2):713-730.
[8]HARTC E,LENCES H.Financial constrains and farm investment:abayesianexamination[J].Journal of Business and Economic Statistics,2004,22(1):51-63.
[9]柳凌韵,周宏.正规金融约束、规模农地流入与农机长期投资---基于水稻种植规模农户的数据调查[J].农业经济问题,2017(9):65-76.
[10]张顺,郭小弦.社会网络资源及其收入效应研究---基于分位回归模型分析[J].社会,2011(1):94-111.
[11]罗必良.农地流转的市场逻辑---“产权强度-禀赋效应-交易装置”的分析线索及案例研究[J].南方经济,2014(5):1-24.
[12]Latruffe L,Piet L.Does land fragmentation affect farm performance?:A case study from Brittany,France[J].Agricultural Systems,2014,(129):68-80.
[13]焦长权,周飞舟.“资本下乡”与村庄的再造[J].中国社会科学,2016(1):100-116.
[14]仇童伟,罗必良.农业要素市场建设视野的规模经营路径[J].改革,2018(3):90-102.
(1)“不完全城镇化”又称“伪城镇化”,是指由于制度约束,大量农业转移人口虽然居住在城市,但不能像市民一样同等享受城市的公共服务,其收入水平和消费差距都与一般城市居民存在一定差距。
(1)CFPS样本地区不包含西藏、青海、新疆、宁夏、内蒙古、海南。
(1)权重根据熵值和信息熵冗余度计算得出,最终社会网络变量由下式给出:socialnw=0.2682×外出就餐费+0 .3064×文化娱乐支出+0.1038×交通通信工具费+0.0105×人情支出+0.3112×家庭中共党员占比。