基于基尼系数的湖北省用水公平性研究
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摘要
从水资源禀赋、生产用水、生活用水三方面分析湖北省的用水公平性,利用基尼系数分别测算湖北省时间维度和空间维度总用水量-水资源量、生产用水量-GDP、生活用水量-人口的基尼系数。结果表明,湖北省各市(区、州)的总用水量与水资源量的分布极为不均,而同一地区在2006—2016年间的变化仅有孝感市、随州市等几个地区比较不平衡;生产用水公平性在研究期的11年间稳定维持在"相对合理"的范围,在武汉市、仙桃市等用水效率较高的地区较为不均,因此提高其他地区的用水效率是改善生产用水公平性的最佳途径;生活用水在时空维度均已达到绝对公平。
The fairness of water utilization in Hubei Province is analyzed from the three aspects of water resource endowment,water for production and domestic water. The Gini coefficients of total water consumption-water resource quantity, production water consumption-GDP, and domestic water consumptionpopulation in Hubei Province in the spatial and temporal dimension are calculated. The results show that the total water consumption and water resource quantity of various cities in Hubei Province are very unevenly distributed,while the changes in the same area during 2006—2016 are uneven only in Xiaogan City and Suizhou City. During the 11 years of the research period,the fairness of water for production remains stable in the range of "relatively reasonable ", while in Wuhan City and Xiantao City with higher water efficiency, it is uneven.Therefore,to improve the water efficiency in the other regions is the best way to improve the fairness of water for production. The domestic water has reached the absolute fairness in both spatial and temporal dimensions.
The fairness of water utilization in Hubei Province is analyzed from the three aspects of water resource endowment,water for production and domestic water. The Gini coefficients of total water consumption-water resource quantity, production water consumption-GDP, and domestic water consumptionpopulation in Hubei Province in the spatial and temporal dimension are calculated. The results show that the total water consumption and water resource quantity of various cities in Hubei Province are very unevenly distributed,while the changes in the same area during 2006—2016 are uneven only in Xiaogan City and Suizhou City. During the 11 years of the research period,the fairness of water for production remains stable in the range of "relatively reasonable ", while in Wuhan City and Xiantao City with higher water efficiency, it is uneven.Therefore,to improve the water efficiency in the other regions is the best way to improve the fairness of water for production. The domestic water has reached the absolute fairness in both spatial and temporal dimensions.
引文
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[2]宋德勇,刘习平.中国省际碳排放空间分配研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(5):7-13.
[3]侯华丽,吴尚昆,王传君,等.基于基尼系数的中国重要矿产资源分布不均衡性分析[J].资源科学,2015,37(5):915-920.
[4]翟腾腾,郭杰,欧名豪,等.基于基尼系数的江苏省建设用地总量分配研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(4):84-91.
[5]马志飞,尹上岗,乔文怡,等.中国医疗卫生资源供给水平的空间均衡状态及其时间演变[J].地理科学,2018,38(6):869-876.
[6]武萍,张慧,邢衍.青海省水资源利用的匹配性研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(7):46-53.
[7]何慧爽.基于区位熵和基尼系数的中国用水结构与效率研究[J].资源开发与市场,2015,31(7):816-819,828.
[8]邓益斌,尹庆民.中国水资源利用效率区域差异的时空特性和动力因素分析[J].水利经济,2015,33(3):19-23,76.
[9]张吉辉,李健,唐燕.中国水资源与经济发展要素的时空匹配分析[J].资源科学,2012,34(8):1546-1555.
[10]马海良,王若梅,訾永成.中国省际水资源利用的公平性研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(12):70-77.
[11]黄耀欢,王建华,江东,等.基于蒸散遥感反演的全国地表缺水分区[J].水利学报,2009,40(8):927-933.
[12]JACOBSON A,MILMAN A D,KAMMEN D M. Letting energy Gini out of the bottle:Lorenz curves of cumulative electricity consumption and Gini coefficients as metrics of energy distribution and equity[J]. Energy Policy,2005,33(14):1825-1832.
[13]刘欢,左其亭.基于洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数的郑州市用水结构分析[J].资源科学,2014,36(10):2012-2019.