城乡要素合理配置带动都市农业发展模式研究
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摘要
城乡要素的双向流动与合理配置必将成为推动区域协调发展的有力支撑,大中城市的都市农业也在促进城乡一体化方面发挥重要作用。本文以对中西部大中城市重庆市、贵阳市和武汉市都市农业实地调研为基础,从城乡融合发展和要素流动的视角,总结归纳其城乡要素合理配置带动都市农业发展的运行模式和创新点,挖掘都市农业和现代农业的增长点和潜力,探析都市农业发展的阻碍因素。结果表明,中西部大中城市城乡要素合理配置带动都市农业发展的典型模式主要分为资本要素、劳动力要素、基础设施要素、信息与技术要素合理配置和农村集体资产改革带动都市农业5种,不同的模式在内涵、基本要素和适用条件上存在差异;城乡要素合理配置带动都市农业发展,离不开政府的高度重视和三产融合程度的提升。然而,当前都市农业发展仍存在着同质化趋势明显、农民参与程度低、具体政策基层落实较难和转型升级要素缺乏等发展障碍。因此,提出制定科学合理规划、增强农民主体意识、深化农业农村改革、注重政策的延续性和疏通要素流动通道等推进都市农业持续性发展的对策建议。
The bi-directional flow and rational allocation of urban and rural resources can surely become a powerful support to promote the coordinated development of urban agriculture(UA).UA in large and medium cities will also play an important role in promoting the integration of urban and rural areas.Based on the field survey data of UA in Chongqing,Guiyang and Wuhan,this paper summarized and analyzed the operation modes and the innovative and rational allocation of urban and rural resources to drive the development of UA from the perspective of urban-rural integrated factor flow,and identified the growth point and potential for UA and modern agriculture.This paper also explored the obstacles to the development of UA.Results show that the typical modes of urban agriculture development driven by the rational allocation of urban and rural resources in large and medium-sized cities in central and western China are mainly divided into five types:capital resource,labor resource,infrastructure resource,information and technology resource,and rural collective assets reform driven.Different modes have differences in connotations,basic elements and application conditions.Rational allocation of urban and rural resources drives the development of UA,which can not be separated from the government's support and the promotion of the integration of three industries.However,the current development of UA still has obvious homogeneity trend,low participation rate of farmers,difficult implementation of specific policies at the grass-root level,and lack of transformation and upgrading elements and other development.Therefore,to promote the sustainable development of UA,this paper suggests to formulate scientific and rational planning,to strengthen the consciousness of farmers,to deepen the reform of agriculture and rural areas,to pay more attention to the continuity of policies,and to enhance the flow channels of resources.
The bi-directional flow and rational allocation of urban and rural resources can surely become a powerful support to promote the coordinated development of urban agriculture(UA).UA in large and medium cities will also play an important role in promoting the integration of urban and rural areas.Based on the field survey data of UA in Chongqing,Guiyang and Wuhan,this paper summarized and analyzed the operation modes and the innovative and rational allocation of urban and rural resources to drive the development of UA from the perspective of urban-rural integrated factor flow,and identified the growth point and potential for UA and modern agriculture.This paper also explored the obstacles to the development of UA.Results show that the typical modes of urban agriculture development driven by the rational allocation of urban and rural resources in large and medium-sized cities in central and western China are mainly divided into five types:capital resource,labor resource,infrastructure resource,information and technology resource,and rural collective assets reform driven.Different modes have differences in connotations,basic elements and application conditions.Rational allocation of urban and rural resources drives the development of UA,which can not be separated from the government's support and the promotion of the integration of three industries.However,the current development of UA still has obvious homogeneity trend,low participation rate of farmers,difficult implementation of specific policies at the grass-root level,and lack of transformation and upgrading elements and other development.Therefore,to promote the sustainable development of UA,this paper suggests to formulate scientific and rational planning,to strengthen the consciousness of farmers,to deepen the reform of agriculture and rural areas,to pay more attention to the continuity of policies,and to enhance the flow channels of resources.
引文
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[12]Runhaar H.Governing the transformation towards“natureinclusive”agriculture:Insights from the Netherlands[J].International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability,2017,15(4):340-349.
[13]Kiminami I,Kiminami A,Furuzawa S.Impacts of multifunctionality of urban agriculture on the ccs in Japan[J].AsiaPacific Journal of Regional Science,2018,2(2):507-527.
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[15]钟春艳,王敬华,文化.北京都市型现代农业功能的哲学思考[J].中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(2):47-52.Zhong C Y,Wang J H,Wen H.Philosophical thinking on the functions of Beijing urban modern agriculture[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2014,35(2):47-52.
[16]蒋和平,张成龙,刘学瑜.北京都市型现代农业发展水平的评价研究[J].农业现代化研究,2015,36(3):327-332.Jiang H P,Zhang C L,Liu X Y.Evaluation on the development level of Beijing's urban modern agriculture[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2015,36(3):327-332.
[17]王晓君,吴敬学,蒋和平.我国都市型农业发展的典型模式及驱动机制--基于14个大中城市案例研究[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(2):183-190.Wang X J,Wu J X,Jiang H P.The development patterns and the driving mechanism of urban agriculture in China:A case study of 14 large and medium cities[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2017,38(2):183-190.
[18]周培.都市现代农业发展的战略价值与科技支撑[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(10):1118-1124.Zhou P.Strategic value and technology support of the development of urban modern agriculture[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017,32(10):1118-1124.
[19]刘刚.都市农业产业集群发展模式研究--以天津市为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2015,36(6):146-151.Liu G.Research on the cluster development mode of urban agriculture industry-Taking Tianjin as an example[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2015,36(6):146-151.
[20]许爱萍.天津现代都市农业发展的金融约束:问题根源及破解路径[J].世界农业,2016(4):163-167,196.Xu A P.The research on the root and crack path of modern urban agriculture financial constraints of Tianjin in China[J].World Agriculture,2016(4):163-167,196.
[21]江晶,史亚军.北京都市型现代农业发展的现状、问题及对策[J].农业现代化研究,2015,36(2):168-173.Jiang J,Shi Y J.Study on the status,problems,and suggestions of urban modern agriculture in Beijing[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2015,36(2):168-173.
[22]彭建,赵士权,田璐,等.北京都市农业多功能性动态[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(5):152-158.Peng J,Zhao S Q,Tian L,et al.The dynamics of multifunctionality of urban agriculture,a case study of Beijing City[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2016,37(5):152-158.
[23]黎孔清,孙晓玲.南京都市农业发展与资源环境承载力协调性研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(6):1242-1250.Li K Q,Sun X L.Study on the coordination between urban agriculture development and resource and environment carrying capacity of Nanjing[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(6):1242-1250.
[24]Que Y,Wang H Y.Research on the urban agriculture planning models of metropolis:A case study of Chengdu[J].Journal of Landscape Research,2014,6(Z5):22-25.
[25]Zhou Z X,Li M T.Spatial-temporal change in urban agricultural land use efficiency from the perspective of agricultural multifunctionality:A case study of the Xi'an metropolitan zone[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2017,27(12):1499-1520.
[26]周真刚.贵州省六盘水市农村“三变”改革研究述论[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2018,39(8):206-211.Zhou Z G.Research on the“three changes”reform in rural areas of Liupanshui City,Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Southwest Minzu University(Humanities and Social Science),2018,39(8):206-211.
[27]王喆芃,李德芝,庞丽铷.习近平“三农”思想战略维度论析[J].福建农林大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017,20(5):16-20.Wang Z P,Li D Z,Pang L R.Analysis on Xi Jinping's strategic dimensions of“three rural”thought[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Philosophy and Social Sciences),2017,20(5):16-20.
[28]尚旭东.农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证:快速推进的“近忧”与“远虑”[J].农业经济,2016(1):80-83.Shang X D.Registration and certification of rural land contractual management right:Rapid promotion of“near worry”and“long term worry”[J].Agricultural Economy,2016(1):80-83.
[29]徐刚,周嵘.着力打造农村土地承包经营纠纷化解主渠道--访农业部农村经济体制与经营管理司负责人[J].农村经营管理,2015(10):28-31.Xu G,Zhou R.Making efforts to create the main channel for resolving disputes in rural land contracting and management:An interview with the head of rural economic system and management department of the ministry of agriculture[J].Management and Administration on Rural Cooperative,2015(10):28-31.
[30]褚颖.农村宅基地使用权抵押贷款运行机制与绩效评价[J].中国农业会计,2014(10):46-49.Chu Y.Operation mechanism and performance evaluation of rural homestead mortgage loan[J].Chinese Agricultural Accounting,2014(10):46-49.
[2]曾小溪,汪三贵.城乡要素交换:从不平等到平等[J].中州学刊,2015(12):39-44.Zeng X X,Wang S G.Exchange of urban and rural factors:From inequality to equality[J].Academic Journal of Zhongzhou,2015(12):39-44.
[3]王曙光.城乡一体化要双向要素流动和两个下乡[N].中国经济时报,2016-6-17(9).Wang S G.Urban and rural integration requires two-way flow of factors and two villages[N].China Economic Times,2016-6-17(9).
[4]任鑫,薛宝贵.生产要素单向流动对城乡收入差距的效应研究[J].人文杂志,2016(7):49-54.Ren X,Xue B G.The effect of one-way flow of production factors on the income gap between urban and rural areas[J].The Journal of Humanities,2016(7):49-54.
[5]杨孟禹,杨芳.城乡收入差距、要素流动与经济增长再研究--以重庆为例[J].软科学,2015,29(8):71-76,92.Yang M Y,Yang F.Research on the urban-rural income gap,factor mobility and economic growth-A case study of Chongqing[J].Soft Science,2015,29(8):71-76,92.
[6]林晨.价格管制、要素流动限制与城乡二元经济--基于历史投入产出表的理论和实证研究[J].农业经济问题,2018(5):70-79.Lin C.Price regulation,barriers on factor flowing and urbanrural dual economy:Theory and empirical study based on China historical input-output tables[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2018(5):70-79.
[7]谢方,徐志文.“城乡界面”视角下城乡要素双向合理流动机制研究[J].内蒙古社会科学(汉文版),2018,39(3):94-99.Xie F,Xu Z W.Research on the mechanism of two-way flow of urban and rural factors from the perspective of“urban rural interface”[J].Inner Mongolia Social Sciences,2018,39(3):94-99.
[8]郭素芳.城乡要素双向流动框架下乡村振兴的内在逻辑与保障机制[J].天津行政学院学报,2018,20(3):33-39.Guo S F.The inherent logic and safeguard mechanism of rural revitalization under the framework of two-way flow of urban and rural elements[J].Journal of Tianjin Administration Institute,2018,20(3):33-39.
[9]罗必良.明确发展思路,实施乡村振兴战略[J].南方经济,2017(10):8-11.Luo B L.Clear development ideas and implement rural revitalization strategy[J].South China Journal of Economics,2017(10):8-11.
[10]刘永胜,于战平.发达国家和地区都市农业产销体系建设[J].世界农业,2015(2):134-138.Liu Y S,Yu Z P.Construction of urban agricultural production and marketing system in developed countries and regions[J].World Agriculture,2015(2):134-138.
[11]蒋和平,王晓君,朱福守.我国大中城市都市现代农业发展模式研究[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016.Jiang H P,Wang X J,Zhu F S.Research on the Development Mode of Modern Urban Agriculture in Large and Medium-sized Cities in China[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2016.
[12]Runhaar H.Governing the transformation towards“natureinclusive”agriculture:Insights from the Netherlands[J].International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability,2017,15(4):340-349.
[13]Kiminami I,Kiminami A,Furuzawa S.Impacts of multifunctionality of urban agriculture on the ccs in Japan[J].AsiaPacific Journal of Regional Science,2018,2(2):507-527.
[14]Hara Y,McPhearson T,Sampei Y,et al.Assessing urban agriculture potential:A comparative study of Osaka,Japan and New York City,United States[J].Sustainability Science,2018,13(4):937-952.
[15]钟春艳,王敬华,文化.北京都市型现代农业功能的哲学思考[J].中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(2):47-52.Zhong C Y,Wang J H,Wen H.Philosophical thinking on the functions of Beijing urban modern agriculture[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2014,35(2):47-52.
[16]蒋和平,张成龙,刘学瑜.北京都市型现代农业发展水平的评价研究[J].农业现代化研究,2015,36(3):327-332.Jiang H P,Zhang C L,Liu X Y.Evaluation on the development level of Beijing's urban modern agriculture[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2015,36(3):327-332.
[17]王晓君,吴敬学,蒋和平.我国都市型农业发展的典型模式及驱动机制--基于14个大中城市案例研究[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(2):183-190.Wang X J,Wu J X,Jiang H P.The development patterns and the driving mechanism of urban agriculture in China:A case study of 14 large and medium cities[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2017,38(2):183-190.
[18]周培.都市现代农业发展的战略价值与科技支撑[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(10):1118-1124.Zhou P.Strategic value and technology support of the development of urban modern agriculture[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017,32(10):1118-1124.
[19]刘刚.都市农业产业集群发展模式研究--以天津市为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2015,36(6):146-151.Liu G.Research on the cluster development mode of urban agriculture industry-Taking Tianjin as an example[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2015,36(6):146-151.
[20]许爱萍.天津现代都市农业发展的金融约束:问题根源及破解路径[J].世界农业,2016(4):163-167,196.Xu A P.The research on the root and crack path of modern urban agriculture financial constraints of Tianjin in China[J].World Agriculture,2016(4):163-167,196.
[21]江晶,史亚军.北京都市型现代农业发展的现状、问题及对策[J].农业现代化研究,2015,36(2):168-173.Jiang J,Shi Y J.Study on the status,problems,and suggestions of urban modern agriculture in Beijing[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2015,36(2):168-173.
[22]彭建,赵士权,田璐,等.北京都市农业多功能性动态[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(5):152-158.Peng J,Zhao S Q,Tian L,et al.The dynamics of multifunctionality of urban agriculture,a case study of Beijing City[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2016,37(5):152-158.
[23]黎孔清,孙晓玲.南京都市农业发展与资源环境承载力协调性研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(6):1242-1250.Li K Q,Sun X L.Study on the coordination between urban agriculture development and resource and environment carrying capacity of Nanjing[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(6):1242-1250.
[24]Que Y,Wang H Y.Research on the urban agriculture planning models of metropolis:A case study of Chengdu[J].Journal of Landscape Research,2014,6(Z5):22-25.
[25]Zhou Z X,Li M T.Spatial-temporal change in urban agricultural land use efficiency from the perspective of agricultural multifunctionality:A case study of the Xi'an metropolitan zone[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2017,27(12):1499-1520.
[26]周真刚.贵州省六盘水市农村“三变”改革研究述论[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2018,39(8):206-211.Zhou Z G.Research on the“three changes”reform in rural areas of Liupanshui City,Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Southwest Minzu University(Humanities and Social Science),2018,39(8):206-211.
[27]王喆芃,李德芝,庞丽铷.习近平“三农”思想战略维度论析[J].福建农林大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017,20(5):16-20.Wang Z P,Li D Z,Pang L R.Analysis on Xi Jinping's strategic dimensions of“three rural”thought[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Philosophy and Social Sciences),2017,20(5):16-20.
[28]尚旭东.农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证:快速推进的“近忧”与“远虑”[J].农业经济,2016(1):80-83.Shang X D.Registration and certification of rural land contractual management right:Rapid promotion of“near worry”and“long term worry”[J].Agricultural Economy,2016(1):80-83.
[29]徐刚,周嵘.着力打造农村土地承包经营纠纷化解主渠道--访农业部农村经济体制与经营管理司负责人[J].农村经营管理,2015(10):28-31.Xu G,Zhou R.Making efforts to create the main channel for resolving disputes in rural land contracting and management:An interview with the head of rural economic system and management department of the ministry of agriculture[J].Management and Administration on Rural Cooperative,2015(10):28-31.
[30]褚颖.农村宅基地使用权抵押贷款运行机制与绩效评价[J].中国农业会计,2014(10):46-49.Chu Y.Operation mechanism and performance evaluation of rural homestead mortgage loan[J].Chinese Agricultural Accounting,2014(10):46-49.