“玩是谦恭,不是解放”——作为控制、反制与自制的电子游戏
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摘要
在今天,有必要对电子游戏作为一种人类重要活动的基本境况进行深刻的哲学反省。根据阿伦特在《人的境况》中的启示,游戏世界虽然具有鲜明的空间性和持存性,但却并没有真正展现出建构共同世界的行动力量。它最终仍然沦为一部强力而高效的"控制性"的社会装置。由此我们试图回归劳动和身体这个本原,经由晚近的诸众理论对情动的阐发来进一步探寻生成和创造的"反制"潜能。阿甘本对身体之用的论述无疑给出了第三种选择,以"自制"来确立主体的位置,重新激活沉思的积极生活。
Today, it's really necessary to reflect upon video game as a fundamental human activity. Following Arendt's deep insights in The Human Condition, we intend to argue that the game world is far from an authentic "common world", though exhibiting the conspicuous spatiality and "endurance". It couldn't fight against the fate of falling prey to the powerful as well as omnipresent "social apparatus". We then return to the labor as corporeal basis, in order to reveal the potentiality of anti-control inherent in the affective bodies of multitude. Agamben provides us with a third option about how to reestablish subjectivity and vita activa through the "use of bodies".
Today, it's really necessary to reflect upon video game as a fundamental human activity. Following Arendt's deep insights in The Human Condition, we intend to argue that the game world is far from an authentic "common world", though exhibiting the conspicuous spatiality and "endurance". It couldn't fight against the fate of falling prey to the powerful as well as omnipresent "social apparatus". We then return to the labor as corporeal basis, in order to reveal the potentiality of anti-control inherent in the affective bodies of multitude. Agamben provides us with a third option about how to reestablish subjectivity and vita activa through the "use of bodies".
引文
(1)阿伦特:《人的境况》,王寅丽译,上海:上海人民出版社,2009年,第1页。同时参考英文版Hannah Arendt,The Human Condition, 2nd ed,Chicago&London:The University of Chicago Press,1998,下同。
(2)(3)简·麦戈尼格尔:《游戏改变世界》,闾佳译,北京:北京联合出版公司,2016年,第51页,第3页。
(4)Giorgio Agamben, The Use of Bodies,translated by Adam Kotsko,Stanford University Press,2015, Prologue.
(1)Mizuko Ito,Daisuke Okabe and Izumi Tsuji,Fandom Unbound:Otaku Culture in a Connected Worlds New Haven&London:Yale University Press, 2012,Introduction, xxv.
(2)简·麦戈尼格尔:《游戏改变世界》,第87页。
(1)Maurizio Passerin D'Entreves,Public and Private:Legal,Political and Philosophical Perspectives,London and New York:Routledge,2000, p.65.
(2)Margaret Canovan,Hannah Arendt, A Reinterpretation of Her Political Thought,Cambridge University Press,1992, p. 106.
(3)简·麦戈尼格尔:《游戏改变世界》,第281页。
(4)(6)(7)(8)阿伦特:《人的境况》,第106页,第24页,第34-35页,第31页。
(5)Alexander R.Galloway,Gaming:Essays on Algorithmic Culture,Minneapolis&London:University of Minnesota Press,2006, p.2.
(1)(2)(4)(5)阿伦特:《人的境况》,第36页,第39页,第25页,第35页。
(3)Philip Walsh,Arendt Contra Sociology:Theory, Society and its Science,Surrey:Ashgate,2015, p.25.
(1)(4)(6)(7)Paolo Virno, A Grammar o f the Multitude,translated by Lsabella Bertoletti, James Cascaito and Andrea Casson,New York&Los Angeles:Semiotext(e),2004, p.40, 31,32,32.
(2)Hannah Arendt:A Reinterpretation of Her Political Thought, pp.122-124.
(3)阿伦特:《人的境况》,第82页。
(5)玛丽·K.斯温格尔:《劫持:手机、电脑、游戏和社交媒体如何改变我们的大脑、行为与进化》,邓思渊译,北京:中信出版社,2018年,第24页。
(1)在新书《游戏改变人生》中,麦戈尼格尔几乎用了整本书来探讨如何以游戏的方式来疗治她的身体所遭受的巨大创伤。
(2)(3)(4)Multitude:War and Democracy in the Age of Empire,New York:The Penguin Press,2004, p. 189, 204,222.
(5)(6)Giorgi。Agamben,The Use of Bodies,p.63, 63.
(1)(2)Liam Mitchell Lud o politics:Videogames against Control,Winchester&Washington:Zero Books, 2018, p.172,142.
(3)(4)(5)(6)(10)伊恩·博格斯特:《玩的就是规则》,周芳芳译,北京:中信出版社,2018年,第45页,第119页、第140页、第162页、第129页。
(7)(8)(9)Lan Bogost:Alien Phenomenology,Minneapolis&London:University of Minnesota Press,2012, p.31,17-18,51-52.
(2)(3)简·麦戈尼格尔:《游戏改变世界》,闾佳译,北京:北京联合出版公司,2016年,第51页,第3页。
(4)Giorgio Agamben, The Use of Bodies,translated by Adam Kotsko,Stanford University Press,2015, Prologue.
(1)Mizuko Ito,Daisuke Okabe and Izumi Tsuji,Fandom Unbound:Otaku Culture in a Connected Worlds New Haven&London:Yale University Press, 2012,Introduction, xxv.
(2)简·麦戈尼格尔:《游戏改变世界》,第87页。
(1)Maurizio Passerin D'Entreves,Public and Private:Legal,Political and Philosophical Perspectives,London and New York:Routledge,2000, p.65.
(2)Margaret Canovan,Hannah Arendt, A Reinterpretation of Her Political Thought,Cambridge University Press,1992, p. 106.
(3)简·麦戈尼格尔:《游戏改变世界》,第281页。
(4)(6)(7)(8)阿伦特:《人的境况》,第106页,第24页,第34-35页,第31页。
(5)Alexander R.Galloway,Gaming:Essays on Algorithmic Culture,Minneapolis&London:University of Minnesota Press,2006, p.2.
(1)(2)(4)(5)阿伦特:《人的境况》,第36页,第39页,第25页,第35页。
(3)Philip Walsh,Arendt Contra Sociology:Theory, Society and its Science,Surrey:Ashgate,2015, p.25.
(1)(4)(6)(7)Paolo Virno, A Grammar o f the Multitude,translated by Lsabella Bertoletti, James Cascaito and Andrea Casson,New York&Los Angeles:Semiotext(e),2004, p.40, 31,32,32.
(2)Hannah Arendt:A Reinterpretation of Her Political Thought, pp.122-124.
(3)阿伦特:《人的境况》,第82页。
(5)玛丽·K.斯温格尔:《劫持:手机、电脑、游戏和社交媒体如何改变我们的大脑、行为与进化》,邓思渊译,北京:中信出版社,2018年,第24页。
(1)在新书《游戏改变人生》中,麦戈尼格尔几乎用了整本书来探讨如何以游戏的方式来疗治她的身体所遭受的巨大创伤。
(2)(3)(4)Multitude:War and Democracy in the Age of Empire,New York:The Penguin Press,2004, p. 189, 204,222.
(5)(6)Giorgi。Agamben,The Use of Bodies,p.63, 63.
(1)(2)Liam Mitchell Lud o politics:Videogames against Control,Winchester&Washington:Zero Books, 2018, p.172,142.
(3)(4)(5)(6)(10)伊恩·博格斯特:《玩的就是规则》,周芳芳译,北京:中信出版社,2018年,第45页,第119页、第140页、第162页、第129页。
(7)(8)(9)Lan Bogost:Alien Phenomenology,Minneapolis&London:University of Minnesota Press,2012, p.31,17-18,51-52.