受控生态环境中植物不可食部分固废预处理技术研究
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摘要
目的开发适用于地基密闭受控生态生命保障系统内植物不可食部分固废预处理技术及设备,为地外星球基地建设提供技术储备。方法采用闭环空气干燥技术和两级粉碎技术对植物不可食部分固废进行干燥和粉碎处理。结果经干燥和粉碎预处理后的植物不可食部分,含水率降低至30%以下,减容率达到56%。实现了干燥、稳定和减容处理,同时植物不可食部分中的水分得到回收。结论闭环空气干燥技术和两级粉碎技术满足地基密闭受控生态生命保障系统的要求,经处理后的植物不可食部分固废可长期稳定保存或进一步进行资源化处理。
Objective To develop the technology and equipment for solid waste pretreatment of inedible parts of plants in controlled ecological life support systems( CELSS),and make technical reserves for the construction of extraterrestrial planet base. Methods Closed-loop air drying technology and two-stage comminuting technology were used to treat the inedible parts of plants. Results After the pretreatment,the moisture content of the inedible parts of the plant was reduced to less than 30%,and the volume of the waste was reduced to 56%.The objectives of drying,stabilization,and volume reduction were achieved and the water in the inedible parts of the plant was recovered. Conclusion The closed-loop air drying technology and the two-stage crushing technology could meet the requirements of controlled ecological life support system. After treatment,the inedible parts of plants can be stably stored for a long time or further processing.
Objective To develop the technology and equipment for solid waste pretreatment of inedible parts of plants in controlled ecological life support systems( CELSS),and make technical reserves for the construction of extraterrestrial planet base. Methods Closed-loop air drying technology and two-stage comminuting technology were used to treat the inedible parts of plants. Results After the pretreatment,the moisture content of the inedible parts of the plant was reduced to less than 30%,and the volume of the waste was reduced to 56%.The objectives of drying,stabilization,and volume reduction were achieved and the water in the inedible parts of the plant was recovered. Conclusion The closed-loop air drying technology and the two-stage crushing technology could meet the requirements of controlled ecological life support system. After treatment,the inedible parts of plants can be stably stored for a long time or further processing.
引文
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[2]Zabel P,Schubert D,Tajmar M.Combination of physicochemical life support systems with space greenhouse modules:A system analysis[C].43rd International Conference on Environmental Systems,International Conference on Environmental Systems(ICES).Colorado,US,2013.
[3]Tikhomirov AA,Ushakova SA,Kovaleva NP,et al.Biological life support systems for a Mars mission planetary base:Problems and prospects[J].Advances in Space Research,2007,40(11):1741-1745.
[4]Levri JA,Fisher JW,Alazraki MP,et al.Requirements development issues for advanced life support systems:Solid waste management[R].SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-2479,2002.
[5]Teixeira AA,Myre JL,Welt BA.Bio-regenerative food production and solid waste system for long-term space mission to Mars[R].SAE Technical Paper,2005-01-2927,2005.
[6]Barta DJ,Ewert MK,Anderson MS,et al.Life support system technology development supporting human space exploration[R].SAE Technical Paper,2008-01-2185,2008.
[7]Barta DJ,Ewert MK.Development of life support system technologies for human lunar missions[R].SAE Technical Paper,2009-01-2483,2009.
[8]Fisher JW,Hogan JA,Delzeit L,et al.Waste management technology and the drivers for space missions[J].Gastroenterology,2009,1(1):207-227.
[9]Zolotukhin IG,Tikhomirov AA,Kudenko YA,et al.Biological and physicochemical methods for utilization of plant wastes and human exometabolites for increasing internal cycling and closure of life support systems[J].Advances in Space Research,2005,35(9):1559-1562.
[10]王洪超,王风彦,赵成坚,等.美国空间废物处理技术研究概况[J].航天医学与医学工程,2014,27(1):73-78.Wang HC,Wang FY,Zhao CJ,et al.Status of waste management technology for space missions in America[J].Space Medicine&Medical Engineering,2013,27(1):73-78.
[11]赵荣军,费本华,吕建雄,等.GB/T 1931-2009,木材含水率测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.Zhao RJ,Fei BH,Lv JX,et al.GB/T 1931-2009,Wood moisture content determination method[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2009.
[12]Litwiller E,Reinhard M,Fisher J,et al.Lyophilization for water recovery III,system design[R].SAE Technical Paper,2005-01-3084,2005.
[13]Wheeler RR,Hadley NM,Dahl RW,et al.Development and testing of a microwave powered solid waste stabilization and water recovery system[R].SAE Technical Paper,2006-01-2182,2006.
[14]Jr RRW,Hadley NM,Dahl RW,et al.Microwave enhanced freeze drying of solid waste[R].SAE Technical Paper,2007-01-3266,2007
[15]Hunter JB,Arquiza JMRA,Morrow R,et al.Energy-efficient closed loop heat pump dryer for solid waste stabilization on long duration space missions[R].SAE Technical Paper,2006-01-2088,2006.