西藏拉萨地区西花蓟马种群生命表及发生动态研究
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摘要
【目的】明确拉萨地区西花蓟马Frankliniellaoccidentalis的生物学特性和田间动态规律。【方法】建立了该种群的两性生命表,采用黄板诱集成虫的方法调查了日光温室番茄上西花蓟马的周年发生动态。【结果】该种群西花蓟马成虫前期总发育历期为12.54 d,2龄若虫发育历期为5.62 d,占成虫前期发育历期的44.8%,卵能存活到成虫阶段的概率为0.598。雌虫的平均寿命为27.76 d,雄虫为20.2 d。该种群的内禀增长率(r)和净增殖率(R0)分别为0.153/d和22.817。在拉萨日光温室番茄上西花蓟马能够周年发生,种群增长呈"单峰"型,6月中旬至8月上旬为发生盛期。【结论】拉萨地区西花蓟马的2龄若虫期明显较长,日光温室中西花蓟马的最佳防治适期在4月初。
[Objectives] To determine the biological characteristics and population dynamics of Frankliniella occidentalis in Lhasa. [Methods] Life tables for each sex were compiled, and the population dynamics of F. occidentalis on tomato plants in a solar greenhouse was investigated using yellow sticky-card traps. [Results] The pre-adult developmental time of F.occidentalis was 12.54 d, and that of the second instar nymph was 5.62 d, accounting for 44.8% of the pre-adult period. The probability of eggs surviving to adulthood was 0.598. The average longevity of females was 15.18 d, whereas that of males was 9.64 d. The intrinsic rate of increase(r) and net reproductive rate(R0) were 0.153/d and 22.817, respectively. Adult F.occidentalis were trapped all year round in the solar greenhouse. The population growth curve was of the "single peak" type,with the peak corresponding to the peak of adult emergence from mid-June to early August. [Conclusion] The developmental period of second instar nymphs of F. occidentalis in Lhasa city was obviously longer than that of the first instar,and the optimum control period in greenhouses is in early April.
[Objectives] To determine the biological characteristics and population dynamics of Frankliniella occidentalis in Lhasa. [Methods] Life tables for each sex were compiled, and the population dynamics of F. occidentalis on tomato plants in a solar greenhouse was investigated using yellow sticky-card traps. [Results] The pre-adult developmental time of F.occidentalis was 12.54 d, and that of the second instar nymph was 5.62 d, accounting for 44.8% of the pre-adult period. The probability of eggs surviving to adulthood was 0.598. The average longevity of females was 15.18 d, whereas that of males was 9.64 d. The intrinsic rate of increase(r) and net reproductive rate(R0) were 0.153/d and 22.817, respectively. Adult F.occidentalis were trapped all year round in the solar greenhouse. The population growth curve was of the "single peak" type,with the peak corresponding to the peak of adult emergence from mid-June to early August. [Conclusion] The developmental period of second instar nymphs of F. occidentalis in Lhasa city was obviously longer than that of the first instar,and the optimum control period in greenhouses is in early April.
引文
Callier V,Shingleton AW,Brent CS,Ghosh SM,Kim J,Harrison JF,2013.The role of reduced oxygen in the developmental physiology of growth and metamorphosis initiation in Drosophila melanogaster.Journal of Experimental Biology,216(23):4334-4340.
Cao Y,Zhi JR,Kong YX,2012.Life tables for experimental populations of Frankliniella occidentalis on 6 vegetable host plants.Acta Ecologica Sinica,32(4):1249-1256.[曹宇,郅军锐,孔译贤,2012.西花蓟马在6种蔬菜寄主上的实验种群生命表.生态学报,32(4):1249-1256.]
Chi H,1988.Life-table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rate among individuals.Environmental Entomology,17(1):26-34.
Chi H,2018a.TIMING-MSChart:A computer program for the population projection based on age-stage,two-sex life table.National Chung Hsing University,Taichung,Taiwan.http://140.120.197.173/Ecology/Download/Timing-MSChart.rar.
Chi H,2018b.TWOSEX-MSChart:A computer program for the age-stage,two-sex life table analysis.N-ational Chung Hsing University,Taichung,Taiwan.http://140.120.197.173/Ecology/Download/Twosex-MSChart.rar.
Chi H,Liu H,1985.Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology.Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology Academia Sinica(Taipei),24(2):225-240.
Cronin AL,Schwarz MP,1999.Latitudinal variation in the life cycle of allodapine bees(Hymenoptera;Apidae).Canadian Journal of Zoology,77(6):707-716.
Ebssa L,Borgemeister C,Berndt O,Poehling HM,2001.Impact of entomopathogenic nematodes on different soil-dwelling stages of western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Thysanoptera:Thripidae),in the laboratory and under semi-field conditions.Biocontrol Science and Technology,11(4):515-525.
Huang FS,1981.Specialization and Adaptability of Insect Limbs in the Tibetan Plateau.Beijing:Science Press.1-34.[黄复生,1981.西藏高原的隆起和昆虫区系.北京:科学出版社.1-34.]
Jones DR,2005.Plant viruses transmitted by thrips.European Journal of Plant Pathology,113(2):119-157.
Kirk WDJ,Terry LI,2003.The spread of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande).Agricultural and Forest Entomology,5(4):301-310.
Lewis T,1997.Thrips as Crop Pests.London:Cambridge Press.1-13.
Li JZ,2008.The interaction between Frankliniella occidentalis(Thysanoptera:Thripidae)and leguminous vegetables.Master thesis.Guiyang:Guizhou University.[李景柱,2008.西花蓟马与豆科蔬菜相互关系研究.硕士学位论文.贵阳:贵州大学.]
Li XY,Wan YR,Yuan GD,Hussain S,Xu BY,Xie W,Wang SL,Zhang YJ,Wu QJ,2017.Fitness trade-off associated with spinosad resistance in Frankliniella occidentalis(Thysanoptera:Thripidae).Journal of Economic Entomology,110(4):1755-1763.
Liu TS,Wen MF,Ke FS,Ke WY,You MS,2017.Age-stage two-sex life tables of Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera:Plutellidae)under hypoxia stress.Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,32(3):305-311.[刘天生,温梅芳,柯富士,柯玮毅,尤民生,2017.低氧胁迫下小菜蛾的两性生命表研究.福建农业学报,32(3):305-311.]
Shi AM,Ren GD,2008.Specialization and adaptability of insect limbs in the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of China West Normal University(Natural Sciences),29(2):109-111.[石爱民,任国栋,2008.青藏高原拟步甲科昆虫足的特化及其适应性.西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),29(2):109-111.]
Tu XY,Chen YS,2012.Geographic variation in developmental duration of insects.Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,39(10):94-97.[涂小云,陈元生,2012.昆虫发育历期的地理变异.广东农业科学,39(10):94-97.]
Ullah MS,Lim UT,2015.Life history characteristics of Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella intonsa(Thysanoptera:Thripidae)in constant and fluctuating temperatures.Journal of Economic Entomology,108(3):1000-1009.
Ullman DE,Medeiros RB,Campbell LR,Whitfield AE,Sherwood JL,German TL,2002.Thrips as vectors of tospoviruses.Advances in Botanical Research,36:113-140.
Wang BH,1992.Tibetan Insect Flora and Its Evolution.Zhengzhou:Henan Science Press.152-168.[王保海,1992.西藏昆虫区系及其演化.郑州:河南科学技术出版社.152-168.]
Wang HH,Lei ZR,Li X,Dai AG,Chen HQ,2013.An important invasive pest,Frankliniella occidentalis,inspected in Tibet.Plant Protection,39(1):181-183.[王海鸿,雷仲仁,李雪,代安国,陈翰秋,2013.西藏发现重要外来入侵害虫--西花蓟马.植物保护,39(1):181-183.]
Wang J,2011.Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana with Amblyseius barkeri to control Frankliniella occidentalis and application of efficient attractive card.Master thesis.Jinan:Shandong Agricultural University.[王静,2011.球孢白僵菌与巴氏钝绥螨对西花蓟马的联合作用及高效诱虫板的应用.硕士学位论文.济南:山东农业大学.]
Watts JG,1934.Comparison of the life cycles of Frankliniella tritici(Fitch),Frankliniella fusca(hind)and Thrips tabaci Lind.(Thysanoptera:Thripidae)in South Carolina.Journal of Economic Entomology,27(6):1158-1159.
Whitfield AE,Ullman DE,German TL,2005.Tospovirus-thrips interactions.Annual Review of Phytopathology,43(43):459-489.
Wu QJ,Zhang YJ,Xu BY,Zhu GR,2005.The biological character,damage and management of an invasive insect pest,Frankliniella occidentalis.China Plant Protection,42(7):11-14.[吴青君,张友军,徐宝云,朱国仁,2005.入侵害虫西花蓟马的生物学、危害及防治技术.中国植保导刊,42(7):11-14.]
Wu QJ,Xu BY,Zhang YJ,Zhang ZJ,Zhu GR,2007.Taxis of western flower thrips to different colors and field efficacy of the blue sticky cards.Plant Protection,33(4):103-105.[吴青君,徐宝云,张友军,张治军,朱国仁,2007a.西花蓟马对不同颜色的趋性及蓝色粘板的田间效果评价.植物保护,33(4):103-105.]
Wu QJ,Xu BY,Zhang ZJ,Zhang YJ,Zhu GR,2007b.Distribution and species of thrips in Beijing,Zhejiang,Yunnan region.China Plant Protection,27(1):32-34.[吴青君,徐宝云,张治军,张友军,朱国仁,2007b.京、浙、滇地区植物蓟马种类及其分布调查.中国植保导刊,27(1):32-34.]
Yang H,Cui YY,Zhang S,Sun XJ,2010.The occurrence and damage of the exotic invasive pest:western flower thrip(Frankliniella occidentalis)in Xinjiang.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,47(11):2252-2253.[杨华,崔元玗,张升,孙晓军,2010.外来入侵害虫--西花蓟马在新疆的发生为害.新疆农业科学,47(11):2252-2253.]
Yin XC,1984.Grasshoppers and Locusts from Qingzang Altiplano.Beijing:Science Press.252-259.[印象初,1984.青藏高原的蝗虫.北京:科学出版社.252-259.]
Zhang B,Zheng CY,2015.Life tables of laboratory population of Frankliniella occidentalis on different peanut varieties.Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,42(13):80-83.[张彬,郑长英,2015.西花蓟马在不同花生品种间的实验种群生命表.广东农业科学,42(13):80-83.]
Zhang JL,2013.Study on the vegetable industry model of Lhasa.Master thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.[张君丽,2013.拉萨市蔬菜产业模式研究.硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院.]
Zhang YJ,Wu QJ,Xu BY,Zhu GR,2003.The occurrence of a dangerous alien invasive pest,western flower thrips(Frankliniella occidentalis),in Beijing.Plant Protection,29(4):58-59.[张友军,吴青君,徐宝云,朱国仁,2003.危险性外来入侵生物--西花蓟马在北京发生危害.植物保护,29(4):58-59.]
Zhang ZJ,Zhang YJ,Xu BY,Zhu GR,Wu QJ,2012.Effects of temperature on development,reproduction and population growth of Frankliniella occidentalis(Thysanopyer:Thripiae).Acta Entomolodica Sinica,55(10):1168-1177.[张治军,张友军,徐宝云,朱国仁,吴青君,2012.温度对西花蓟马生长发育、繁殖和种群增长的影响.昆虫学报,55(10):1168-1177.]
Zhang ZK,Zhang Y,Wu SY,2016.The occurrence and characteristics of invaded insect pest Frankliniella occidentalis in Ningxia.Plant Quarantine,30(4):75-77.[张治科,张烨,吴圣勇,2016.西花蓟马在宁夏的发生及防控措施.植物检疫,30(4):75-77.]
Zheng CY,Liu YH,Zhang NQ,Zhao XL,2007.Invaded insect pest Frankliniella occidentalis first reported in Shandong Province.Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University,24(3):172-174.[郑长英,刘云虹,张乃芹,赵希丽,2007.山东省发现外来入侵有害生物-西花蓟马.青岛农业大学学报,24(3):172-174.]
Zhi JR,Li JZ,Gai HT,2010.Life table for experimental population of Frankliniella occidentalis feeding on leguminous vegetables.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,47(2):313-317.[郅军锐,李景柱,盖海,2010.西花蓟马取食不同豆科蔬菜的实验种群生命表.昆虫知识,47(2):313-317.]
Cao Y,Zhi JR,Kong YX,2012.Life tables for experimental populations of Frankliniella occidentalis on 6 vegetable host plants.Acta Ecologica Sinica,32(4):1249-1256.[曹宇,郅军锐,孔译贤,2012.西花蓟马在6种蔬菜寄主上的实验种群生命表.生态学报,32(4):1249-1256.]
Chi H,1988.Life-table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rate among individuals.Environmental Entomology,17(1):26-34.
Chi H,2018a.TIMING-MSChart:A computer program for the population projection based on age-stage,two-sex life table.National Chung Hsing University,Taichung,Taiwan.http://140.120.197.173/Ecology/Download/Timing-MSChart.rar.
Chi H,2018b.TWOSEX-MSChart:A computer program for the age-stage,two-sex life table analysis.N-ational Chung Hsing University,Taichung,Taiwan.http://140.120.197.173/Ecology/Download/Twosex-MSChart.rar.
Chi H,Liu H,1985.Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology.Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology Academia Sinica(Taipei),24(2):225-240.
Cronin AL,Schwarz MP,1999.Latitudinal variation in the life cycle of allodapine bees(Hymenoptera;Apidae).Canadian Journal of Zoology,77(6):707-716.
Ebssa L,Borgemeister C,Berndt O,Poehling HM,2001.Impact of entomopathogenic nematodes on different soil-dwelling stages of western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Thysanoptera:Thripidae),in the laboratory and under semi-field conditions.Biocontrol Science and Technology,11(4):515-525.
Huang FS,1981.Specialization and Adaptability of Insect Limbs in the Tibetan Plateau.Beijing:Science Press.1-34.[黄复生,1981.西藏高原的隆起和昆虫区系.北京:科学出版社.1-34.]
Jones DR,2005.Plant viruses transmitted by thrips.European Journal of Plant Pathology,113(2):119-157.
Kirk WDJ,Terry LI,2003.The spread of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande).Agricultural and Forest Entomology,5(4):301-310.
Lewis T,1997.Thrips as Crop Pests.London:Cambridge Press.1-13.
Li JZ,2008.The interaction between Frankliniella occidentalis(Thysanoptera:Thripidae)and leguminous vegetables.Master thesis.Guiyang:Guizhou University.[李景柱,2008.西花蓟马与豆科蔬菜相互关系研究.硕士学位论文.贵阳:贵州大学.]
Li XY,Wan YR,Yuan GD,Hussain S,Xu BY,Xie W,Wang SL,Zhang YJ,Wu QJ,2017.Fitness trade-off associated with spinosad resistance in Frankliniella occidentalis(Thysanoptera:Thripidae).Journal of Economic Entomology,110(4):1755-1763.
Liu TS,Wen MF,Ke FS,Ke WY,You MS,2017.Age-stage two-sex life tables of Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera:Plutellidae)under hypoxia stress.Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,32(3):305-311.[刘天生,温梅芳,柯富士,柯玮毅,尤民生,2017.低氧胁迫下小菜蛾的两性生命表研究.福建农业学报,32(3):305-311.]
Shi AM,Ren GD,2008.Specialization and adaptability of insect limbs in the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of China West Normal University(Natural Sciences),29(2):109-111.[石爱民,任国栋,2008.青藏高原拟步甲科昆虫足的特化及其适应性.西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),29(2):109-111.]
Tu XY,Chen YS,2012.Geographic variation in developmental duration of insects.Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,39(10):94-97.[涂小云,陈元生,2012.昆虫发育历期的地理变异.广东农业科学,39(10):94-97.]
Ullah MS,Lim UT,2015.Life history characteristics of Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella intonsa(Thysanoptera:Thripidae)in constant and fluctuating temperatures.Journal of Economic Entomology,108(3):1000-1009.
Ullman DE,Medeiros RB,Campbell LR,Whitfield AE,Sherwood JL,German TL,2002.Thrips as vectors of tospoviruses.Advances in Botanical Research,36:113-140.
Wang BH,1992.Tibetan Insect Flora and Its Evolution.Zhengzhou:Henan Science Press.152-168.[王保海,1992.西藏昆虫区系及其演化.郑州:河南科学技术出版社.152-168.]
Wang HH,Lei ZR,Li X,Dai AG,Chen HQ,2013.An important invasive pest,Frankliniella occidentalis,inspected in Tibet.Plant Protection,39(1):181-183.[王海鸿,雷仲仁,李雪,代安国,陈翰秋,2013.西藏发现重要外来入侵害虫--西花蓟马.植物保护,39(1):181-183.]
Wang J,2011.Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana with Amblyseius barkeri to control Frankliniella occidentalis and application of efficient attractive card.Master thesis.Jinan:Shandong Agricultural University.[王静,2011.球孢白僵菌与巴氏钝绥螨对西花蓟马的联合作用及高效诱虫板的应用.硕士学位论文.济南:山东农业大学.]
Watts JG,1934.Comparison of the life cycles of Frankliniella tritici(Fitch),Frankliniella fusca(hind)and Thrips tabaci Lind.(Thysanoptera:Thripidae)in South Carolina.Journal of Economic Entomology,27(6):1158-1159.
Whitfield AE,Ullman DE,German TL,2005.Tospovirus-thrips interactions.Annual Review of Phytopathology,43(43):459-489.
Wu QJ,Zhang YJ,Xu BY,Zhu GR,2005.The biological character,damage and management of an invasive insect pest,Frankliniella occidentalis.China Plant Protection,42(7):11-14.[吴青君,张友军,徐宝云,朱国仁,2005.入侵害虫西花蓟马的生物学、危害及防治技术.中国植保导刊,42(7):11-14.]
Wu QJ,Xu BY,Zhang YJ,Zhang ZJ,Zhu GR,2007.Taxis of western flower thrips to different colors and field efficacy of the blue sticky cards.Plant Protection,33(4):103-105.[吴青君,徐宝云,张友军,张治军,朱国仁,2007a.西花蓟马对不同颜色的趋性及蓝色粘板的田间效果评价.植物保护,33(4):103-105.]
Wu QJ,Xu BY,Zhang ZJ,Zhang YJ,Zhu GR,2007b.Distribution and species of thrips in Beijing,Zhejiang,Yunnan region.China Plant Protection,27(1):32-34.[吴青君,徐宝云,张治军,张友军,朱国仁,2007b.京、浙、滇地区植物蓟马种类及其分布调查.中国植保导刊,27(1):32-34.]
Yang H,Cui YY,Zhang S,Sun XJ,2010.The occurrence and damage of the exotic invasive pest:western flower thrip(Frankliniella occidentalis)in Xinjiang.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,47(11):2252-2253.[杨华,崔元玗,张升,孙晓军,2010.外来入侵害虫--西花蓟马在新疆的发生为害.新疆农业科学,47(11):2252-2253.]
Yin XC,1984.Grasshoppers and Locusts from Qingzang Altiplano.Beijing:Science Press.252-259.[印象初,1984.青藏高原的蝗虫.北京:科学出版社.252-259.]
Zhang B,Zheng CY,2015.Life tables of laboratory population of Frankliniella occidentalis on different peanut varieties.Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,42(13):80-83.[张彬,郑长英,2015.西花蓟马在不同花生品种间的实验种群生命表.广东农业科学,42(13):80-83.]
Zhang JL,2013.Study on the vegetable industry model of Lhasa.Master thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.[张君丽,2013.拉萨市蔬菜产业模式研究.硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院.]
Zhang YJ,Wu QJ,Xu BY,Zhu GR,2003.The occurrence of a dangerous alien invasive pest,western flower thrips(Frankliniella occidentalis),in Beijing.Plant Protection,29(4):58-59.[张友军,吴青君,徐宝云,朱国仁,2003.危险性外来入侵生物--西花蓟马在北京发生危害.植物保护,29(4):58-59.]
Zhang ZJ,Zhang YJ,Xu BY,Zhu GR,Wu QJ,2012.Effects of temperature on development,reproduction and population growth of Frankliniella occidentalis(Thysanopyer:Thripiae).Acta Entomolodica Sinica,55(10):1168-1177.[张治军,张友军,徐宝云,朱国仁,吴青君,2012.温度对西花蓟马生长发育、繁殖和种群增长的影响.昆虫学报,55(10):1168-1177.]
Zhang ZK,Zhang Y,Wu SY,2016.The occurrence and characteristics of invaded insect pest Frankliniella occidentalis in Ningxia.Plant Quarantine,30(4):75-77.[张治科,张烨,吴圣勇,2016.西花蓟马在宁夏的发生及防控措施.植物检疫,30(4):75-77.]
Zheng CY,Liu YH,Zhang NQ,Zhao XL,2007.Invaded insect pest Frankliniella occidentalis first reported in Shandong Province.Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University,24(3):172-174.[郑长英,刘云虹,张乃芹,赵希丽,2007.山东省发现外来入侵有害生物-西花蓟马.青岛农业大学学报,24(3):172-174.]
Zhi JR,Li JZ,Gai HT,2010.Life table for experimental population of Frankliniella occidentalis feeding on leguminous vegetables.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,47(2):313-317.[郅军锐,李景柱,盖海,2010.西花蓟马取食不同豆科蔬菜的实验种群生命表.昆虫知识,47(2):313-317.]