生境模拟法在黑水河鱼类栖息地保护中的应用
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摘要
为了解黑水河鱼类栖息地适宜性状况,研究行之有效的栖息地保护方案,采用基于河道内流量增加法(IFIM)原理的栖息地模拟方法,使用RIVER2D二维水动力学及栖息地模拟软件,以黑水河干流苏家湾水电站坝址至公德房水电站坝址河段为例,进行水动力模拟和鱼类栖息地适宜性模拟,通过加权有效栖息地面积(WUA),分析适宜物理栖息地的数量、质量和分布情况,评估研究河段的鱼类栖息地适宜性状况并探究存在的主要问题。结果显示,公德房库区河段水域面积较大,大部分河段适宜性指数较高,有效栖息地面积较大;减水河段河道内流量较小,大部分河段水深较浅,有效栖息地面积小,需要开展河道生境修复;在此基础上,研究了增加生态流量(坝址处多年平均流量的10%、12.5%、15%)条件下的改善效果,以及固定生态流量(坝址处多年平均流量10%)条件下进行河道整理的改善效果。经比较分析,提出了黑水河生境修复可采取河道整理为主,结合优化生态流量的保护方案。
Heishui River is an important tributary of the lower Jinsha River with abundant fishery resources. However,exploitation of hydropower on the river has changed the natural flow regime and interrupted river continuity,resulting in habitat loss and the need for habitat conservation. Habitat evaluation is crucial for effective habitat restoration. To study fish habitat suitability and develop an effective habitat conservation program for Heishui River,a hydrodynamic and fish habitat suitability simulation was run from the dam at Sujiawan to Gongdefang hydropower station. The habitat and hydrodynamic simulation was based on the instream flow incremental methodology( IFIM),combined with the River2 D Hydrodynamic Model. The quantity,quality and distribution of suitable physical habitat were then analyzed and the weighted usable area( WUA) and fish habitat suitability in the study area was evaluated and the main problems were identified. It is 3. 1 km from Sujiawan dam to Gongdefang hydropower station,including the Sujiawan reduced water segment( 2. 3 km) and the open water of Gongdefang Reservoir( 0. 8 km). Results indicate the total water surface area in Gongdefang reservoir was 5. 71 hm2 during the dry season( January)and fish spawning period( May),and the Weighted Usable Area( WUA) was 1. 80 hm2. During the wet season,the total water area was 6. 29 hm2 and the WUA was 2. 13 hm2. The total water area of the Sujiawan reduced water segment was 3. 15 hm2 under the condition of ecological flow( 4. 8 m3/ s) and the WUA was 0. 83 hm2. The water area in Gongdefang reservoir is large,the suitability index was high in most reaches,and the effective habitat area was large. The instream flow in the Sujiawan reduced water segment was small,mostly shallow,and the suitable habitat area was small,indicating a need for habitat restoration. Based on the results,two habitat restoration schemes in the Sujiawan reduced water segment were simulated: ecological flow increases amounting to 10%,12. 5% and 15% of the average annual flow at the dam; increasing the average annual flow by 10% and using riverway treatment. After comparing the results,we suggest the riverway treatment be given priority,combined with ecological flow optimization.
Heishui River is an important tributary of the lower Jinsha River with abundant fishery resources. However,exploitation of hydropower on the river has changed the natural flow regime and interrupted river continuity,resulting in habitat loss and the need for habitat conservation. Habitat evaluation is crucial for effective habitat restoration. To study fish habitat suitability and develop an effective habitat conservation program for Heishui River,a hydrodynamic and fish habitat suitability simulation was run from the dam at Sujiawan to Gongdefang hydropower station. The habitat and hydrodynamic simulation was based on the instream flow incremental methodology( IFIM),combined with the River2 D Hydrodynamic Model. The quantity,quality and distribution of suitable physical habitat were then analyzed and the weighted usable area( WUA) and fish habitat suitability in the study area was evaluated and the main problems were identified. It is 3. 1 km from Sujiawan dam to Gongdefang hydropower station,including the Sujiawan reduced water segment( 2. 3 km) and the open water of Gongdefang Reservoir( 0. 8 km). Results indicate the total water surface area in Gongdefang reservoir was 5. 71 hm2 during the dry season( January)and fish spawning period( May),and the Weighted Usable Area( WUA) was 1. 80 hm2. During the wet season,the total water area was 6. 29 hm2 and the WUA was 2. 13 hm2. The total water area of the Sujiawan reduced water segment was 3. 15 hm2 under the condition of ecological flow( 4. 8 m3/ s) and the WUA was 0. 83 hm2. The water area in Gongdefang reservoir is large,the suitability index was high in most reaches,and the effective habitat area was large. The instream flow in the Sujiawan reduced water segment was small,mostly shallow,and the suitable habitat area was small,indicating a need for habitat restoration. Based on the results,two habitat restoration schemes in the Sujiawan reduced water segment were simulated: ecological flow increases amounting to 10%,12. 5% and 15% of the average annual flow at the dam; increasing the average annual flow by 10% and using riverway treatment. After comparing the results,we suggest the riverway treatment be given priority,combined with ecological flow optimization.
引文
董哲仁,孙东亚,2007.生态水利工程原理与技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.
林俊强,彭期冬,任杰,等,2014.赤水河与金沙江下游河段鱼类生境条件的相似性分析[J].淡水渔业,44(6):93-99.
谭燕平,王玉蓉,李嘉,等,2011.雅砻江锦屏大河湾减水河段中鱼类栖息地模拟研究[J].水电能源科学,29(3)40-43.
王庆国,李嘉,李克锋,等,2009.减水河段水力生态修复措施的改善效果分析[J].水利学报,39(6):756-761.
王庆国,李嘉,李克锋,等,2009.减水河段水力生态修复措施的改善效果分析[J].水利学报,39(6):756-761.
王晓刚,严忠民,2008.河道汇流口水利特征对鱼类栖息地的影响[J].天津大学学报,41(2):204-208.
杨志峰,于世伟,陈贺,等,2010.基于栖息地突变分析的春汛期生态需水阈值模型[J].水科学进展,(4):567-574.
英晓明,2006.基于IFIM方法的河流生态环境模拟研究[D].南京:河海大学.
张维,刘飞,林鹏程,等,2014.金沙江下游鱼类栖息地评估和保护优先级研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,23(4):496-503.
张文鸽,黄强,蒋晓辉,2008.基于物理栖息地模拟的河道内生态流量研究[J].水科学进展,19(2):192-197.
张志英,袁野,2001.溪洛渡水利工程对长江上游珍稀特有鱼类的影响探讨[J].淡水渔业,31(2):62-63.
赵进勇,董哲仁,孙亚东,2008.河流生物栖息地评估研究进展[J].科技导报,26(17):82-88.
Bovee K D,1982.Guide to stream habitat analysis using the instream flow incremental methodology[R].Washington DC:USDI Fish and Wildlife Service.
Chou W,Chuang M,2011.Habitat evaluation using suitability index and habitat type diversity:a case study involving a shallow forest stream in central Taiwan[J].Environmenta Monitoring and Assessment,172(1):689-704.
Chou W,M Chuang,2011.Habitat evaluation using suitability index and habitat type diversity:a case study involving a shallow forest stream in central Taiwan[J].Environmenta Monitoring and Assessment,172(1):689-704.
Rhomas B H,1998.The Future of Habitat Modeling and Instream Flow Assessment Techniques[J].Regulated Rivers:Research and Management,14(2):405-420.
Xu Z X,Lamb B L,Bartholow J M,et al,1998.Stream habita analysis using the instream flow incremental methodology[R].US Geological Survey:Biological Resources Division Information and Technology.
林俊强,彭期冬,任杰,等,2014.赤水河与金沙江下游河段鱼类生境条件的相似性分析[J].淡水渔业,44(6):93-99.
谭燕平,王玉蓉,李嘉,等,2011.雅砻江锦屏大河湾减水河段中鱼类栖息地模拟研究[J].水电能源科学,29(3)40-43.
王庆国,李嘉,李克锋,等,2009.减水河段水力生态修复措施的改善效果分析[J].水利学报,39(6):756-761.
王庆国,李嘉,李克锋,等,2009.减水河段水力生态修复措施的改善效果分析[J].水利学报,39(6):756-761.
王晓刚,严忠民,2008.河道汇流口水利特征对鱼类栖息地的影响[J].天津大学学报,41(2):204-208.
杨志峰,于世伟,陈贺,等,2010.基于栖息地突变分析的春汛期生态需水阈值模型[J].水科学进展,(4):567-574.
英晓明,2006.基于IFIM方法的河流生态环境模拟研究[D].南京:河海大学.
张维,刘飞,林鹏程,等,2014.金沙江下游鱼类栖息地评估和保护优先级研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,23(4):496-503.
张文鸽,黄强,蒋晓辉,2008.基于物理栖息地模拟的河道内生态流量研究[J].水科学进展,19(2):192-197.
张志英,袁野,2001.溪洛渡水利工程对长江上游珍稀特有鱼类的影响探讨[J].淡水渔业,31(2):62-63.
赵进勇,董哲仁,孙亚东,2008.河流生物栖息地评估研究进展[J].科技导报,26(17):82-88.
Bovee K D,1982.Guide to stream habitat analysis using the instream flow incremental methodology[R].Washington DC:USDI Fish and Wildlife Service.
Chou W,Chuang M,2011.Habitat evaluation using suitability index and habitat type diversity:a case study involving a shallow forest stream in central Taiwan[J].Environmenta Monitoring and Assessment,172(1):689-704.
Chou W,M Chuang,2011.Habitat evaluation using suitability index and habitat type diversity:a case study involving a shallow forest stream in central Taiwan[J].Environmenta Monitoring and Assessment,172(1):689-704.
Rhomas B H,1998.The Future of Habitat Modeling and Instream Flow Assessment Techniques[J].Regulated Rivers:Research and Management,14(2):405-420.
Xu Z X,Lamb B L,Bartholow J M,et al,1998.Stream habita analysis using the instream flow incremental methodology[R].US Geological Survey:Biological Resources Division Information and Technology.