生境片段化对千岛湖地表甲虫物种多样性的影响
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摘要
在千岛湖片段化景观中选取20个陆桥岛屿和8个大陆样点,从2012年7月到2014年4月,按季度(春、夏、秋季)6次采用巴氏陷阱法收集地表甲虫,分析其物种多度、组成、多样性和季节动态,以及不同岛屿上的地表甲虫的物种多样性与岛屿面积和隔离度等岛屿空间特征的关系.结果表明:共收集记录到地表甲虫26科101种3370头.大陆和大岛地表甲虫的物种丰富度有显著差异,且小岛地表甲虫密度显著高于大陆;大陆地表甲虫的物种组成变化较大,而岛屿上分布的地表甲虫的物种组成则变化较小.地表甲虫的物种丰富度与岛屿面积呈显著正相关,密度与隔离度呈显著正相关.夏季岛屿上地表甲虫物种丰富度高于春秋两季,岛屿与大陆样地的Shannon指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数均在夏季最高、秋季最低.
The ground dwelling beetles on 20 land-bridge islands and 8 mainland sites in the Thousand-Island Lake region were collected by pitfall trap methods for six times from July 2012 to April2014( in three seasons,spring,summer and autumn). The species abundance,composition,diversity and seasonal dynamics of ground dwelling beetles were analyzed. Besides,the relationship between island spatial attributes( e.g.,island area and isolation) and the diversity of ground dwelling beetles were studied. There were 3370 litter-dwelling beetle individuals belonging to 26 families and 101 species. For species richness of ground dwelling beetles,there were significant differences between the large islands and mainland sites,the mean density on small islands was significantly higher than on mainland sites. The species turnover was higher among mainland sites than among islands. The species richness on islands was significantly associated with island area,and the density was significantly associated with the distance to mainland. The species richness of islands in summer was higher than that in spring and autumn. Shannon,Simpson and Pielou indices of islands and mainlands were all highest in summer and lowest in autumn.
The ground dwelling beetles on 20 land-bridge islands and 8 mainland sites in the Thousand-Island Lake region were collected by pitfall trap methods for six times from July 2012 to April2014( in three seasons,spring,summer and autumn). The species abundance,composition,diversity and seasonal dynamics of ground dwelling beetles were analyzed. Besides,the relationship between island spatial attributes( e.g.,island area and isolation) and the diversity of ground dwelling beetles were studied. There were 3370 litter-dwelling beetle individuals belonging to 26 families and 101 species. For species richness of ground dwelling beetles,there were significant differences between the large islands and mainland sites,the mean density on small islands was significantly higher than on mainland sites. The species turnover was higher among mainland sites than among islands. The species richness on islands was significantly associated with island area,and the density was significantly associated with the distance to mainland. The species richness of islands in summer was higher than that in spring and autumn. Shannon,Simpson and Pielou indices of islands and mainlands were all highest in summer and lowest in autumn.
引文
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[32]Losos JB.The theory of island biogeography.Bioscience,1967,18:522-542
[33]Williams CB.Patterns in the Balance of Nature,and Related Problems in Quantitative Ecology.New York:Academic Press,1964
[2]Liu J-F(刘建锋),Xiao W-F(肖文发),Jiang Z-P(江泽平),et al.A study on the influence of landscape fragmentation on biodiversity.Forest Research(林业科学研究),2005,18(2):222-226(in Chinese)
[3]Fahrig L.Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity.Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution&Systematics,2003,34:487-515
[4]Qin Z(秦钟),Zhang J-E(章家恩),Li Q-F(李庆芳).Community structure of soil micro-fauna in different habitats of urbanized region.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2009,20(12):3049-3056(in Chinese)
[5]Lou Q-Z(娄巧哲),Xu Y-C(徐养诚),Ma J-H(马吉宏),et al.Diversity of ground-dwelling beetles within the southern Gurbantunggut Desert and its relationship with environmental factors.Biodiversity Science(生物多样性),2011,19(4):441-452(in Chinese)
[6]Liu Y-H(刘云慧),Yu Z-R(宇振荣),Wang C-L(王长柳),et al.The diversity of ground-dwelling beetles at cultivated land and restored habitats on the Bashang Plateau.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2011,31(2):465-473(in Chinese)
[7]He C-X(贺春霞),Du P-Y(杜沛宜),Yu X-D(于晓东),et al.Species diversity of ground-dwelling beetles on northern slope of Daba Mountain,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2009,20(6):1459-1464(in Chinese)
[8]Luo Y-Y(罗媛媛),Yuan J-F(袁金凤),Shen G-C(沈国春),et al.Dynamics of soil arthropod community structure and its responses to forest fragmentation during the decomposition of Castanopsis eyrei leaf litter.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2011,22(5):1295-1301(in Chinese)
[9]Laurance WF.Theory meets reality:How habitat fragmentation research has transcended island biogeographic theory.Biological Conservation,2008,141:1731-1744
[10]Moore PD.Ecology:Green and pleasant trials.Nature,2006,440:613-614
[11]Yu M,Hu G,Feeley KJ,et al.Richness and composition of plants and birds on land-bridge islands:Effects of island attributes and differential responses of species groups.Journal of Biogeography,2012,39:1124-1133
[12]Ren L-J(任丽君),Xu Z-H(徐志宏),Lu J-B(卢剑波),et al.Relationships between characteristics and arthropods diversity in the Thousand-island Lake.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2009,20(9):2255-2261(in Chinese)
[13]Terborgh J,Lopez L,Nuez P,et al.Ecological meltdown in predator-free forest fragments.Science,2001,294:1923-1926
[14]Baars MA.Catches in pitfall traps in relation to mean densities of carabid beetles.Oecologia,1979,41:25-46
[15]Brues CT,Melander AL,Carpenter FM.Classification of insects:Keys to the living and extinct families of insects,and to the living families of other terrestrial arthropods.Quarterly Review of Biology,1954,29:15-16
[16]Li H-X(李鸿兴).Insect Classification and Retrieval.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1987(in Chinese)
[17]Zheng L-Y(郑乐怡).Insect Classification.Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University Press,1999(in Chinese)
[18]Wang W-W(王巍巍).Studies on the Diversity and Edge Effect of Ground-dwelling Beetles in the Baijitan National Nature Reserve of Ningxia.Master Thesis.Yinchuan:Ningxia University,2013(in Chinese)
[19]Wu K-J(吴坤君),Gong P-Y(龚佩瑜),Sheng C-F(盛承发).Estimation and expression of insect diversity parameters.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology(应用昆虫学报),2005,42(3):338-340(in Chinese)
[20]Alerstam T.Radar observations of the stoop of the Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus and the Goshawk Accipiter gentilis.Ibis,1987,129:267-273
[21]Colwell RK.ESTIMATES:Statistical Estimation of Species Richness and Shared Species from Samples[EB/OL].(2005-01-07)[2016-02-08].http://purl.oclc.org/estimates
[22]Li Q(李巧),Chen Y-Q(陈又清),Xu Z-H(徐正会).Research methods on ant community.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2009,28(9):1862-1870(in Chinese)
[23]R Development Core Team.R:A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.Vienna,Austria:the R Foundation for Statistical Computing,2011
[24]Oksanen J,Blanchet FG,Kindt R,et al.Vegan:Community Ecology Package.Open Cardiovascular&Thoracic Surgery Journal,2011,8:1-5
[25]Yu X-D(于晓东),Luo T-H(罗天宏),Zhou H-Z(周红章).Species diversity of litter-layer beetles in the Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province.Acta Entomologica Sinica(昆虫学报),2003,46(5):609-616(in Chinese)
[26]Clark MS,Gage SH,Spence JR.Habitats and management associated with common ground beetles(Coleoptera:Carabidae)in a Michigan agricultural landscape.Environmental Entomology,1997,26:519-527
[27]Brown JH,Kodric-Brown A.Turnover rates in insular biogeography:Effect of immigration on extinction.Ecology,1977,58:445-449
[28]Shmida A,Wilson MV.Biological determinants of species diversity.Journal of Biogeography,1985,12:1-12
[29]Jia F-L(贾凤龙),Chen L-E(陈里娥).Species diversity of beetles of Mt.Wutongshan.Biodiversity Science(生物多样性),2000,8(2):169-171(in Chinese)
[30]Yu X-D(于晓东),Luo T-H(罗天宏),Zhou H-Z(周红章).Composition and seasonal dynamics of litterlayer beetle community in the Dongling Mountain region,North China.Acta Entomologica Sinica(昆虫学报),2002,45(6):785-793(in Chinese)
[31]Gu W(顾伟),Ma L(马玲),Liu Z-Q(刘哲强),et al.Diversity of ground-dwelling beetle with different forest type in Liangshui Nature Reserve.Journal of Northeast Forestry University(东北林业大学学报),2014,42(1):131-135(in Chinese)
[32]Losos JB.The theory of island biogeography.Bioscience,1967,18:522-542
[33]Williams CB.Patterns in the Balance of Nature,and Related Problems in Quantitative Ecology.New York:Academic Press,1964