茂兰喀斯特森林优势灌木种群的生态位研究
|
摘要
为了解喀斯特森林灌木种群的生态位特征,以茂兰国家级自然保护区内灌木种群为研究对象,对坡地、槽谷和漏斗3种地形中的植被进行群落学调查,应用生态位宽度、生态位相似性比例和生态位重叠分析了优势灌木种群的生态位特征。结果表明:1)石岩枫和南天竹的生态位宽度较大,其Bi,Ba分别为0.471 9,0.966 0和0.466 3,0.926 1。2)生态位宽度较大的物种之间生态位相似性比例值往往较高,如石岩枫与革叶铁榄、石岩枫与南天竹、南天竹与革叶铁榄的生态位相似性比例值分别为0.966 3,0.902 2和0.868 5;对环境资源的需求有较大相似性的物种,尽管生态位宽度较小,但其生态位相似性比例也会较高,如长梗罗伞和异叶梁王茶的生态位相似性比例值高达0.911 3。3)生态位宽度较大的树种间具有较大的生态位重叠值,如石岩枫、南天竹和革叶铁榄之间的生态位重叠值Lih和Lhi均在0.32以上。研究认为:茂兰喀斯特森林优势灌木种群对环境资源的利用能力较强,但种间差异较大,大部分优势种群的生态位相似性比例值和重叠值较高,种群间竞争较强,研究结果与喀斯特森林生境的复杂性和高度异质性有关。
To understand the niche characteristics of the shrubs in Karst forest,Based on investigation on the communities,the shrub populations at three sites in Maolan National Natural Reserve were taken as a research object. The niche breadth,niche similarity and niche overlap were used to analyze the niche characteristics of dominant shrub populations. The results showed that: 1) niche breadths of Mallotus repandus and Nandina domestica were larger than other species with Levins( Bi) and Hurlberts( Ba)values being 0. 471 9 and 0. 966 0,0. 466 3 and 0. 926 1. 2) The niche similarity among populations increased with niche breath,as shown between Mallotus repandus and Sinosideroxylon wightianum,Mallotus repandus and Nandina domestica,Nandina domestica and Sinosideroxylon wightianum,similarity valuesbeing 0. 966 3、0. 902 2 and 0. 868 5; the demand for environmental resources had a greater similarity of the species,although the niche breadth was smaller,but its niche similarity ratio would be higher,as shown between Brassaiopsis glomerulata and Nothopanax davidii,similarity values being 0. 911 3. 3)Niche breadth among larger species with large niche overlap value,as shown between Mallotus repandus,Nandina domestica and Sinosideroxylon wightianum,niche overlap values were above 0. 32. The study indicates that dominant shrub populations have stronger resource utilization ability in karst forest. The higher niche similarity and niche overlap of most dominant populations show that the interspecific competition is intensive and this may be caused by complexity and high heterogeneity of karst habitat.
To understand the niche characteristics of the shrubs in Karst forest,Based on investigation on the communities,the shrub populations at three sites in Maolan National Natural Reserve were taken as a research object. The niche breadth,niche similarity and niche overlap were used to analyze the niche characteristics of dominant shrub populations. The results showed that: 1) niche breadths of Mallotus repandus and Nandina domestica were larger than other species with Levins( Bi) and Hurlberts( Ba)values being 0. 471 9 and 0. 966 0,0. 466 3 and 0. 926 1. 2) The niche similarity among populations increased with niche breath,as shown between Mallotus repandus and Sinosideroxylon wightianum,Mallotus repandus and Nandina domestica,Nandina domestica and Sinosideroxylon wightianum,similarity valuesbeing 0. 966 3、0. 902 2 and 0. 868 5; the demand for environmental resources had a greater similarity of the species,although the niche breadth was smaller,but its niche similarity ratio would be higher,as shown between Brassaiopsis glomerulata and Nothopanax davidii,similarity values being 0. 911 3. 3)Niche breadth among larger species with large niche overlap value,as shown between Mallotus repandus,Nandina domestica and Sinosideroxylon wightianum,niche overlap values were above 0. 32. The study indicates that dominant shrub populations have stronger resource utilization ability in karst forest. The higher niche similarity and niche overlap of most dominant populations show that the interspecific competition is intensive and this may be caused by complexity and high heterogeneity of karst habitat.
引文
[1]陈瑞国,范少辉,刘广路,等.海南岛次生低地雨林棕榈藤伴生群落优势种生态位研究[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(6):1226-1233.
[2]杨利民,周广胜,王国宏.草地群落物种多样性维持机制的研究Ⅱ物种实现生态位[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(5):634-638.
[3]苏志尧,吴大荣,陈北光.粤北天然林优势种群生态位研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(1):25-29.
[4]史小华,许晓波,张文辉.秦岭冷杉群落主要种群生态位研究[J].植物研究,2007,27(3):345-349.
[5]胡正华,钱海源,于明坚.古田山国家级自然保护区甜槠林优势种群生态位[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3670-3677.
[6]刘巍,曹伟.长白山云冷杉群落主要种群生态位特征[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(8):1766-1774.
[7]钟军弟,李先琨,叶铎,等.广西木论国家级自然保护区铁榄群落优势种群的生态位研究[J].植物资源与环境学报,2009,18(3):38-43.
[8]覃弦,龙翠玲,李娟.茂兰喀斯特森林不同演替阶段优势乔木种群生态位研究[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,39(6):42-49.
[9]周政贤.茂兰喀斯特森林科学考察综合报告[C]//周政贤.茂兰喀斯特森林科学考察集.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1987:1-23.
[10]刘映良,薛建辉.贵州茂兰退化喀斯特森林群落的数量特征[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(3):23-27.
[11]龙翠玲.不同地形部位喀斯特森林物种多样性的比较研究——以贵州茂兰自然保护区为例[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(1):55-60.
[12]吴鹏,崔迎春,杨婷,等.茂兰喀斯特森林主要演替群落土壤呼吸研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(4):57-62.
[13]张忠华,胡刚,倪健.茂兰喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林树种的空间分布格局及其分形特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(24):8221-8230.
[14]朱守谦,魏鲁明.茂兰喀斯特森林群落结构研究[C]//朱守谦.喀斯特森林生态研究(I).贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1993:12-21.
[15]杨允菲,祝廷成.植物生态学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2011:29-31.
[16]Levins R.Evolution in changing environments some theoretical Explorations[M].Princeton:Princeton University press,1968.
[17]Hurlbert S H.The measurement of niche overlap and some relatives[J].Ecology,1978,59(1):67-77.
[18]Whittaker R H,Levin S A.Niche:theory and application.Dowden Hutchinson and Ross,Inc.,1975.
[19]王伯荪,李鸣光,彭少麟.植物种群学[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,1995:132-148.
[20]赵永华,雷瑞德,何兴元,等.秦岭锐齿栎林种群生态位特征研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(6):913-918.
[21]陈子林,张志祥,刘鹏,等.浙江六十田常绿阔叶林主要乔木种生态位研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2007,27(6):77-82.
[2]杨利民,周广胜,王国宏.草地群落物种多样性维持机制的研究Ⅱ物种实现生态位[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(5):634-638.
[3]苏志尧,吴大荣,陈北光.粤北天然林优势种群生态位研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(1):25-29.
[4]史小华,许晓波,张文辉.秦岭冷杉群落主要种群生态位研究[J].植物研究,2007,27(3):345-349.
[5]胡正华,钱海源,于明坚.古田山国家级自然保护区甜槠林优势种群生态位[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3670-3677.
[6]刘巍,曹伟.长白山云冷杉群落主要种群生态位特征[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(8):1766-1774.
[7]钟军弟,李先琨,叶铎,等.广西木论国家级自然保护区铁榄群落优势种群的生态位研究[J].植物资源与环境学报,2009,18(3):38-43.
[8]覃弦,龙翠玲,李娟.茂兰喀斯特森林不同演替阶段优势乔木种群生态位研究[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,39(6):42-49.
[9]周政贤.茂兰喀斯特森林科学考察综合报告[C]//周政贤.茂兰喀斯特森林科学考察集.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1987:1-23.
[10]刘映良,薛建辉.贵州茂兰退化喀斯特森林群落的数量特征[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(3):23-27.
[11]龙翠玲.不同地形部位喀斯特森林物种多样性的比较研究——以贵州茂兰自然保护区为例[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(1):55-60.
[12]吴鹏,崔迎春,杨婷,等.茂兰喀斯特森林主要演替群落土壤呼吸研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(4):57-62.
[13]张忠华,胡刚,倪健.茂兰喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林树种的空间分布格局及其分形特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(24):8221-8230.
[14]朱守谦,魏鲁明.茂兰喀斯特森林群落结构研究[C]//朱守谦.喀斯特森林生态研究(I).贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1993:12-21.
[15]杨允菲,祝廷成.植物生态学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2011:29-31.
[16]Levins R.Evolution in changing environments some theoretical Explorations[M].Princeton:Princeton University press,1968.
[17]Hurlbert S H.The measurement of niche overlap and some relatives[J].Ecology,1978,59(1):67-77.
[18]Whittaker R H,Levin S A.Niche:theory and application.Dowden Hutchinson and Ross,Inc.,1975.
[19]王伯荪,李鸣光,彭少麟.植物种群学[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,1995:132-148.
[20]赵永华,雷瑞德,何兴元,等.秦岭锐齿栎林种群生态位特征研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(6):913-918.
[21]陈子林,张志祥,刘鹏,等.浙江六十田常绿阔叶林主要乔木种生态位研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2007,27(6):77-82.