北川震后植被恢复工程植物群落物种多样性及优势种生态位
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摘要
为探究工程治理后植物群落的恢复效果,本文运用数量生态学方法对北川震后工程治理植被的物种组成和多样性指数及其与环境因子间的关系、优势种生态位特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)研究区有植物74种,隶属于37科72属,工程区木本层和草本层优势物种分别为李子(Prunus salicina)和鬼针草(Bidens pilosa),自然区木本层和草本层优势种分别为柏树(Platycladus orientalis)和扁竹根(Iris confusa)。(2) CCA排序结果显示,工程区物种可分为5个类群,自然区分为3个类群。影响工程区物种分布的环境因子(包括工法)顺序为:海拔>坡度>坡向>pH>工法>土壤含水量>坡位,海拔、坡度和坡向是影响工程区物种分布的主要因素,自然区物种分布受各因子影响均较大。(3)自然区木本植物丰富度和多样性明显高于工程区,工程区草本植物丰富度和多样性高于自然区。RDA排序结果显示,海拔是影响工程区草本层丰富度和多样性的最主要因子,坡位和工法是影响工程区木本层丰富度和多样性的主要因子。(4)与自然区相比,工程区生态位相似性(0.0～0.4)和生态位重叠值(0.0～0.5)大部分处于低值区,种间竞争较弱。综合以上结果,我们认为工程植被有一定的恢复,但不够理想;建议工程区增植自然区的木本优势植物。
To explore the effects of vegetation restoration after engineering application,we examined species composition,diversity,their relationships with environmental factors,and the niche of dominant species of restored vegetation after the Beichuan earthquake in Sichuan Province. The results showed that:( 1) There were 74 plant species in the study area,belonging to 37 families and 72 genera. The dominant species in the woody layer and herb layer of the engineering area were Prunus salicina and Bidens pilosa,respectively,while the dominant species in the respective layers of the natural area were Platycladus orientalis and Iris confusa,respectively.( 2)Results of CCA ordination showed that species could be divided into five groups in the engineering area and into three groups in the natural area. The importance of environmental factors( including engineering methods) affecting the species distribution in the engineering area was in order of: elevation > slope > aspect > p H > engineering method > soil moisture > slope position.Elevation,slope,and aspect were the main factors affecting species distribution in the engineering area. Species distribution in the natural area was affected by various factors.( 3) Species richness and diversity of woody plants in the natural area were significantly higher than that in the engineering area,while the species richness and diversity of herbaceous plants in the engineering area were higher than that in the natural area. Altitude was the most important environmental factor affecting species richness and diversity of herbaceous layers in the engineering area,while slope position and engineering method were the main factors as for the woody layer in the engineering area.( 4) Compared with the natural area,lower niche similarity ratio( 0.0-0.4) and niche overlap value( 0.0-0.5) of most species suggested weaker interspecific competition in the engineering area. Therefore,we proposed to plant more native dominant woody species in the engineering area.
To explore the effects of vegetation restoration after engineering application,we examined species composition,diversity,their relationships with environmental factors,and the niche of dominant species of restored vegetation after the Beichuan earthquake in Sichuan Province. The results showed that:( 1) There were 74 plant species in the study area,belonging to 37 families and 72 genera. The dominant species in the woody layer and herb layer of the engineering area were Prunus salicina and Bidens pilosa,respectively,while the dominant species in the respective layers of the natural area were Platycladus orientalis and Iris confusa,respectively.( 2)Results of CCA ordination showed that species could be divided into five groups in the engineering area and into three groups in the natural area. The importance of environmental factors( including engineering methods) affecting the species distribution in the engineering area was in order of: elevation > slope > aspect > p H > engineering method > soil moisture > slope position.Elevation,slope,and aspect were the main factors affecting species distribution in the engineering area. Species distribution in the natural area was affected by various factors.( 3) Species richness and diversity of woody plants in the natural area were significantly higher than that in the engineering area,while the species richness and diversity of herbaceous plants in the engineering area were higher than that in the natural area. Altitude was the most important environmental factor affecting species richness and diversity of herbaceous layers in the engineering area,while slope position and engineering method were the main factors as for the woody layer in the engineering area.( 4) Compared with the natural area,lower niche similarity ratio( 0.0-0.4) and niche overlap value( 0.0-0.5) of most species suggested weaker interspecific competition in the engineering area. Therefore,we proposed to plant more native dominant woody species in the engineering area.
引文
曹梦,潘萍,欧阳勋志,等.2018.飞播马尾松林林下植被组成、多样性及其与环境因子的关系.生态学杂志,37(1):1-8.
付诗雨,辜彬.2015.震损山体边坡生态恢复的有效途径---以北川羌族自治县擂鼓镇石岩村山体边坡为例.安徽农业科学,43(1):204-208.
韩锦涛,李素清,赵德怀,等.2016.晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植物群落优势种种间关系研究.干旱区资源与环境,30(12):164-169.
胡正华,于明坚.2005.古田山青冈林优势种群生态位特征.生态学杂志,24(10):1159-1162.
简尊吉,马凡强,郭泉水,等.2017.三峡水库峡谷地貌区消落带优势植物种群生态位.生态学杂志,36(2):328-334.
金艳强,李敬,刘运通,等.2017.围封对元江稀树灌草丛林下植被物种组成及生物量分配的影响.生态学杂志,36(2):343-348.
康永祥,康博文,岳军伟,等.2007.陕北黄土高原辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)群落类型划分及其生态位特征.生态学报,27(10):4096-4105.
刘林馨.2012.小兴安岭森林生态系统植物多样性及生态服务功能价值研究(博士学位论文).哈尔滨:东北林业大学.
罗双,孙海龙,刘冲,等.2011.四川道路边坡自然恢复的植被多样性研究.水土保持研究,18(6):51-56.
刘世梁,马克明,傅伯杰,等.2003.北京东灵山地区地形土壤因子与植物群落关系研究.植物生态学报,27(4):496-502.
刘宏文,程小琴,康峰峰.2014.油松人工林林下植物群落变化及其环境解释.生态学杂志,33(2):290-295.
欧芷阳,苏志尧,袁铁象,等.2014.土壤肥力及地形因子对桂西南喀斯特山地木本植物群落的影响.生态学报,34(13):3672-3681.
前堀辛彦.1984.植生にするのり面の保护.土木技术,39(2):85-93.
山村和也.1994.のり面安定とその对策.土木技术,49(2):29-30.
山寺喜成.1999.21世纪に向けた绿化技术.基础工,27(5):1.
武文娟,辜彬.2016.震后边坡植被多样性与土壤特性的相关性研究.四川大学学报:自然科学版,53(6):1415-1422.
王根龙,张军慧,刘红帅.2009.汶川地震北川县城地质灾害调查与初步分析.中国地质灾害与防治学报,20(3):47-51.
鄢武先,张黎明,姜建军,等.2015.日本治山技术在石漠化防治中的推广应用探讨.四川林业科技,36(1):65-68.
薛鸥,魏天兴,朱金兆.2016.环境因子对北京低山区低效林林下植被物种组成和丰富度的影响.生态学杂志,35(9):2321-2328.
尤业明,徐佳玉,蔡道雄,等.2016.广西凭祥不同年龄红椎林林下植物物种多样性及其环境解释.生态学报,36(1):164-172.
邹蜜,罗庆华,辜彬,等.2013.生境因子对岩质边坡生态恢复过程中植被多样性的影响.生态学杂志,32(1):7-14.
张明霞,王得祥,康冰,等.2015.秦岭华山松天然次生林优势种群的种间联结性.林业科学,51(1):12-21.
张天斌,牛赟,敬文茂.2015.祁连山东段哈溪林区不同海拔青海云杉林下灌木和草本植物分布特征.防护林科技,(7):7-10.
张金屯.2004.数量生态学.北京:科学出版社.
周文嵩,韩海荣,康峰峰,等.2017.山西太岳山华北落叶松人工林种内与种间关系.生态学杂志,36(2):335-342.
张昌顺,谢高地,包维楷,等.2012.地形对澜沧江源区高寒草甸植物丰富度及其分布格局的影响.生态学杂志,31(11):2767-2774.
张德魁,王继和,马全林,等.2007.古浪县北部荒漠植被主要植物种的生态位特征.生态学杂志,26(4):471-475.
Al-Fuqaha A,Guizani M,Mohammadi M,et al.2015.Internet of things:A survey on enabling technologies,protocols,and applications.IEEE Communications Surveys&Tutorials,17:2347-2376.
León CA,Martínez GO,Gaxiola A.2018.Environmental controls of cryptogam composition and diversity in anthropogenic and natural peatland ecosystems of Chilean Patagonia.Ecosystems,21:203-215.
Mohammadi MF,Jalali SG,Kooch Y,et al.2015.The influence of landform on the understory plant community in a temperate beech forest in northern Iran.Ecological Research,30:1-10.
Sattler T,Borcard D,Arlettaz R,et al.2010.Spider,bee,and bird communities in cities are shaped by environmental control and high stochasticity.Ecology,91:3343-3353.
付诗雨,辜彬.2015.震损山体边坡生态恢复的有效途径---以北川羌族自治县擂鼓镇石岩村山体边坡为例.安徽农业科学,43(1):204-208.
韩锦涛,李素清,赵德怀,等.2016.晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植物群落优势种种间关系研究.干旱区资源与环境,30(12):164-169.
胡正华,于明坚.2005.古田山青冈林优势种群生态位特征.生态学杂志,24(10):1159-1162.
简尊吉,马凡强,郭泉水,等.2017.三峡水库峡谷地貌区消落带优势植物种群生态位.生态学杂志,36(2):328-334.
金艳强,李敬,刘运通,等.2017.围封对元江稀树灌草丛林下植被物种组成及生物量分配的影响.生态学杂志,36(2):343-348.
康永祥,康博文,岳军伟,等.2007.陕北黄土高原辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)群落类型划分及其生态位特征.生态学报,27(10):4096-4105.
刘林馨.2012.小兴安岭森林生态系统植物多样性及生态服务功能价值研究(博士学位论文).哈尔滨:东北林业大学.
罗双,孙海龙,刘冲,等.2011.四川道路边坡自然恢复的植被多样性研究.水土保持研究,18(6):51-56.
刘世梁,马克明,傅伯杰,等.2003.北京东灵山地区地形土壤因子与植物群落关系研究.植物生态学报,27(4):496-502.
刘宏文,程小琴,康峰峰.2014.油松人工林林下植物群落变化及其环境解释.生态学杂志,33(2):290-295.
欧芷阳,苏志尧,袁铁象,等.2014.土壤肥力及地形因子对桂西南喀斯特山地木本植物群落的影响.生态学报,34(13):3672-3681.
前堀辛彦.1984.植生にするのり面の保护.土木技术,39(2):85-93.
山村和也.1994.のり面安定とその对策.土木技术,49(2):29-30.
山寺喜成.1999.21世纪に向けた绿化技术.基础工,27(5):1.
武文娟,辜彬.2016.震后边坡植被多样性与土壤特性的相关性研究.四川大学学报:自然科学版,53(6):1415-1422.
王根龙,张军慧,刘红帅.2009.汶川地震北川县城地质灾害调查与初步分析.中国地质灾害与防治学报,20(3):47-51.
鄢武先,张黎明,姜建军,等.2015.日本治山技术在石漠化防治中的推广应用探讨.四川林业科技,36(1):65-68.
薛鸥,魏天兴,朱金兆.2016.环境因子对北京低山区低效林林下植被物种组成和丰富度的影响.生态学杂志,35(9):2321-2328.
尤业明,徐佳玉,蔡道雄,等.2016.广西凭祥不同年龄红椎林林下植物物种多样性及其环境解释.生态学报,36(1):164-172.
邹蜜,罗庆华,辜彬,等.2013.生境因子对岩质边坡生态恢复过程中植被多样性的影响.生态学杂志,32(1):7-14.
张明霞,王得祥,康冰,等.2015.秦岭华山松天然次生林优势种群的种间联结性.林业科学,51(1):12-21.
张天斌,牛赟,敬文茂.2015.祁连山东段哈溪林区不同海拔青海云杉林下灌木和草本植物分布特征.防护林科技,(7):7-10.
张金屯.2004.数量生态学.北京:科学出版社.
周文嵩,韩海荣,康峰峰,等.2017.山西太岳山华北落叶松人工林种内与种间关系.生态学杂志,36(2):335-342.
张昌顺,谢高地,包维楷,等.2012.地形对澜沧江源区高寒草甸植物丰富度及其分布格局的影响.生态学杂志,31(11):2767-2774.
张德魁,王继和,马全林,等.2007.古浪县北部荒漠植被主要植物种的生态位特征.生态学杂志,26(4):471-475.
Al-Fuqaha A,Guizani M,Mohammadi M,et al.2015.Internet of things:A survey on enabling technologies,protocols,and applications.IEEE Communications Surveys&Tutorials,17:2347-2376.
León CA,Martínez GO,Gaxiola A.2018.Environmental controls of cryptogam composition and diversity in anthropogenic and natural peatland ecosystems of Chilean Patagonia.Ecosystems,21:203-215.
Mohammadi MF,Jalali SG,Kooch Y,et al.2015.The influence of landform on the understory plant community in a temperate beech forest in northern Iran.Ecological Research,30:1-10.
Sattler T,Borcard D,Arlettaz R,et al.2010.Spider,bee,and bird communities in cities are shaped by environmental control and high stochasticity.Ecology,91:3343-3353.