京津冀地区土地生态压力及协同调控策略
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摘要
京津冀地区人地矛盾日益突出,土地资源禀赋、土地生态系统质量的区域差异十分明显,土地资源开发利用和土地生态压力调控的区域协作是京津冀协同发展的重要内容。运用基于人地关系的人口土地生态压力比较指数模型,选取人口数量、人口经济密度、城市化发展水平、生态用地人口密度指标,研究京津冀地区土地生态压力及其调控,结果显示:京津冀地区土地生态系统比较脆弱,人口密度分布、人均占有建设用地、人均拥有生态用地的空间差异明显;有10个区土地生态压力人口少于自然人口,27个区土地生态压力人口多于自然人口;生态压力的区域差异十分显著,土地生态压力指数差异悬殊,其中天津中心城区人口土地生态压力最大,承德市人口土地生态压力最小。京津冀应加大土地生态压力协同调控力度,落实主体功能区战略,科学划分土地资源保护区;优化生产、生态、生活空间格局,推动京津冀土地资源协同保护;增强区域参与土地资源保护的动力,健全跨区域资源保护补偿机制,加快形成京津冀土地资源利用与保护一体化格局。
Conflict between people and land has been increasingly highlighted;regional differences in terms of land resource endowment and quality of land ecological system are obvious;the development and usage of land resources and the land ecological pressure related regional coordination in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is the important content of the coordinated development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. With the help of people land relation ecological pressure comparison index model based on the relation between people and land,taking the amount of people,population economic density,the development level of urbanization and ecological land population density index,the author carries out the research on land ecological pressure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the coordinated regulation strategy of that. It is found that:first,the land ecological system in this region is fragile,the differences in terms of population density distribution,construction land per capita,and ecological land per capita are significant;second,there are 10 areas with land ecological pressure population lower than natural population,and27 areas with land ecological pressure population more than natural population;and third,the regional differences in terms of ecological pressure are significant,differences in terms of land ecological pressure index are significant,the population land ecological pressure of central Tianjin is the highest,and that of Chengde is the lowest. So Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region should,first,enhance the coordinated regulation,implement the strategy of main functional area,and scientifically divide land resources protection area;second,it should optimize the spatial pattern of production,ecology and life,promote the coordinated land resources protection in this region;and third,it should strengthen the driving force to encourage the areas to take pare in land resources protection,perfect the cross-area resources protection and compensation mechanism,and accelerate the formation of the integrated land resources usage and protection pattern.
Conflict between people and land has been increasingly highlighted;regional differences in terms of land resource endowment and quality of land ecological system are obvious;the development and usage of land resources and the land ecological pressure related regional coordination in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is the important content of the coordinated development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. With the help of people land relation ecological pressure comparison index model based on the relation between people and land,taking the amount of people,population economic density,the development level of urbanization and ecological land population density index,the author carries out the research on land ecological pressure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the coordinated regulation strategy of that. It is found that:first,the land ecological system in this region is fragile,the differences in terms of population density distribution,construction land per capita,and ecological land per capita are significant;second,there are 10 areas with land ecological pressure population lower than natural population,and27 areas with land ecological pressure population more than natural population;and third,the regional differences in terms of ecological pressure are significant,differences in terms of land ecological pressure index are significant,the population land ecological pressure of central Tianjin is the highest,and that of Chengde is the lowest. So Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region should,first,enhance the coordinated regulation,implement the strategy of main functional area,and scientifically divide land resources protection area;second,it should optimize the spatial pattern of production,ecology and life,promote the coordinated land resources protection in this region;and third,it should strengthen the driving force to encourage the areas to take pare in land resources protection,perfect the cross-area resources protection and compensation mechanism,and accelerate the formation of the integrated land resources usage and protection pattern.
引文
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[2]陈利顶,周伟奇,韩立建,孙然好.京津冀城市群地区生态安全格局构建与保障对策[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7 125-7 129.
[3]王静,周伟奇,许开鹏,颜景理,李伟峰,韩立建.京津冀地区的生态质量定量评价[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(8):2667-2676.
[4]王会芝.京津冀城市群经济社会与生态环境协调发展研究[J].经济与管理,2017,31(5):22-26.
[5]方创琳,任宇飞.京津冀城市群地区城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合能值代谢效率及环境压力分析[J].中国科学:地球科学,2017,47(7):833-846.
[6]阳文锐.北京城市土地复合生态服务功效演变特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(12):4 169-4 181.
[7]张宇,赵雲泰.京津冀协同发展如何优化土地开发[J].中国土地,2016(1):42-44.
[8]王晶晶,迟妍妍,许开鹏,张丽苹,葛荣凤.京津冀地区生态分区管控研究[J].环境保护,2017,45(12):48-51.
[9]马程,李双成,刘金龙,高阳,王阳.基于SOFM网络的京津冀地区生态系统服务分区[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(9):1383-1393.
[10]张予,刘某承,白艳莹,张永勋.京津冀生态合作的现状、问题与机制建设[J].资源科学,2015,37(8):1529-1535.
[11]赵立新,吴迪.生态压力人口研究——兼析中国人口与环境关系的地区差异[J].人口学刊,2015,37(6):25-36.
[12]黄胜利,胡金明.我国人口与生态压力分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2000(1):39-42.
[13]孙峰华,孙东琪,胡毅,李少鹏,徐建斌.中国人口对生态环境压力的变化格局:1990—2010[J].人口研究,2013,37(5):103-113.
[14]高吉喜,王燕,徐梦佳,邹长新.生态保护红线与主体功能区规划实施关系探讨[J].环境保护,2016,44(21):9-11.