21世纪生态批评理论的多元互补
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  • 英文篇名:Multiple Complementarity of Ecocriticism in the 21~(st) Century
  • 作者:张慧荣
  • 英文作者:ZHANG Hui-rong;School of Foreign Studies,Anhui Science and Technology University;
  • 关键词:物质生态批评 ; 物质性 ; 叙事性 ; 可持续性
  • 英文关键词:Material Ecocriticism;;materiality;;narrativity;;sustainability
  • 中文刊名:XTGS
  • 英文刊名:Journal of Hunan University of Science & Technology(Social Science Edition)
  • 机构:安徽科技学院外国语学院;
  • 出版日期:2019-01-20
  • 出版单位:湖南科技大学学报(社会科学版)
  • 年:2019
  • 期:v.22;No.113
  • 基金:教育部人文社科规划项目(15YJA752020);; 安徽省人文社科重点项目(SK2014A218)
  • 语种:中文;
  • 页:XTGS201901008
  • 页数:6
  • CN:01
  • ISSN:43-1436/C
  • 分类号:50-55
摘要
21世纪生态批评理论呈现新趋势,即物质性、叙事性和可持续性等多元理论的互补性。物质性肯定物质普遍存在的解释能力,物质皆有叙事力,物质与意义构成了"故事讲述的世界";叙事性意味着叙事在生态批评中得到认可,生态叙事研究对于生态批评做出了贡献,实现了环境叙事的理论化;可持续性与阿莱莫关于"可持续性"忽视非人类自然的观点相呼应,生态批评以"可持续性"文学为文本,激发读者思考从气候异变,到日常生活中水和能源的使用、交通、建筑和食物等现实层面相关的可持续性生活方式的可能性。生态批评多元理论之间形成了相互补充的关系,展现了克服二元对立思想和为保护环境而进行变革的趋势。
        Ecocriticism in the 21st century reveals the complementarity of multiple theories,including materiality,narrativity and sustainability. Materiality recognizes the distributive nature of agency and the narrative agency of matter,suggesting that matter and meaning make a "storied world". Narrativity means narrative is recognized in Ecocriticism,econarrative scholarship is regarded as important contribution to ecocriticism,and Econarratology is the theorization of environmental narratives. Sustainability echoes Stacy Alaimo's argument that sustainability discourse neglects non-human nature. Ecocriticism includes textual analysis of sustainability literature,stimulating readers to imagine the experience of climate change,and think about the possibility of a sustainable life style related with practical aspects of life,such as the use of water and energy,transportation,architecture,and food. The diversified theories that contribute to Ecocriticism complement with each other,and Ecocriticism indicates a trend to overcome dualism and reform for environmental protection.
引文
(1)本文采用物质生态批评的“释能力(agency,agentic capacity)、“释能者(agent)”和“叙事力(narrative agency,narrative capacity)”等术语,以区别于具有主客二分性质的其它表述方式。
    (2)1980年代后期,科学家报道地球大气层二氧化碳含量增高会导致气候异变。现在我们已经见证了我们想象中的气候异变噩梦正在逼近。2017年夏天酷热,据耶鲁气候报告,美国16个州出现有记录的最热二月;俄罗斯和阿拉斯加的永久冻土融化,产生冰洞;南极巨大冰块分离。2018年的美国加州火灾也与气候异变导致的干燥有关。
    (1)Bennett,Jane.Vibrant Matter:A Political Ecology of Things.Durham:Duke UP,2010,p.xii.
    (2)Alaimo,Stacy,and Susan Hekman.Material Feminisms.Bloomington:Indiana UP,2007,p.238.
    (3)Iovino,Serenella,and Serpil Oppermann.Material Ecocriticism.Bloomington:Indiana UP,2014,p.5.
    (4)Iovino,Serenella,and Serpil Oppermann.Material Ecocriticism.Bloomington:Indiana UP,2014,p.83.
    (5)Iovino,Serenella.“Material Ecocriticism:Materiality,Agency,and Models of Narrativity”.Ecozon@,2012,3(1):73.
    (6)Iovino,Serenella.“Material Ecocriticism:Materiality,Agency,and Models of Narrativity”.Ecozon@,2012,3(1):74.
    (1)Slovic,Scott.Going Away to Think:Engagement,Retreat,and Ecocritical Responsibility.Reno:Nevada UP,2008,p.28.
    (2)James,Erin.The Storyworld Accord,Econarratology and Postcolonial Narratives.Lincoln and London:Nebraska UP,2015,p.32.
    (3)爱琳·詹姆斯的“故事世界”(Storyworld)特指读者为了理解叙事而在头脑中想象的叙事人物活动于其中的语境和环境,参见Erin James,The Storyworld Accord:Econarratology and Postcolonial Narratives,p.243。此外,《物质生态批评》中使用的“叙事(narrative)”有别于詹姆斯·费南(James Phelan)从叙事学视角所定义的“叙事”,费南将“叙事”定义为“某人为了某目的,在某场合告诉其他人发生了某事”(Phelan 18),参见James Phelan,Living to Tell about It:A Rhetoric and Ethics of Charactor Narration,2005,p.18。詹姆斯关于叙事的定义主要借鉴了费南的观点,詹姆斯关于“故事世界”和“叙事”的观点体现了将物质生态批评与叙事学相结合的倾向。
    (4)James,Erin.The Storyworld Accord,Econarratology and Postcolonial Narratives.Lincoln and London:Nebraska UP,2015,p.253.
    (5)James,Erin.The Storyworld Accord,Econarratology and Postcolonial Narratives.Lincoln and London:Nebraska UP,2015,pp.26-31.
    (6)Mossner,Alexa Weik von.Affective Ecologies:Empathy,Emotion,and Environmental Narrative.Columbus:Ohio State UP,2017,p.7.
    (7)Mossner,Alexa Weik von.Affective Ecologies:Empathy,Emotion,and Environmental Narrative.Columbus:Ohio State UP,2017,p.7.
    (1)Alaimo,Stacy.“Sustainable This,Sustainable That:New Materialisms,Posthumanism,and Unknown Futures”.Publications of the Modern Language Association,2012,127(3):562.
    (2)Alaimo,Stacy.“Sustainable This,Sustainable That:New Materialisms,Posthumanism,and Unknown Futures”.Publications of the Modern Language Association,2012,127(3):563-564.
    (3)Wood,Gillen D'Arcy.“What Is Sustainability Studies?”American Literary History,2012,24(1):1.
    (4)“旋量”(Spinor)第一诗节原文为:Reverse thrust heard/across lake from/behind mountain/indicative of a storm travels towards/hearers another/spot of rain on/storm edge felt on an arm before it lifts/to empty a vodka sunshine/flies bring squint seen and then felt.
    (1)Fisher,Allen.Leans.Cambridge:Salt Publishing,2007,p.49.
    (2)Slovic,Scott.“Towards Sustainable Aesthetics:The Poetry of Food,Sex,Water,Architecture,and Bicycle Riding”.Ecological Aesthetics:Language,Beauty,and The Environment.Eds.Peter Quigley and Scott Slovic.Blooming:Indiana UP,2018,pp.206-207.
    (3)Slovic,Scott.“Towards Sustainable Aesthetics:The Poetry of Food,Sex,Water,Architecture,and Bicycle Riding”.Ecological Aesthetics:Language,Beauty,and The Environment.Eds.Peter Quigley and Scott Slovic.Blooming:Indiana UP,2018,p.210.

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