职业分化视角下的农民城镇化意愿与影响因素研究——以胶东地区为例
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摘要
农民城镇化意愿的强弱直接影响城镇化的进程与质量。以胶东地区为例,对务农、兼业和非农农民的就业、居住和户籍城镇化意愿及影响因素进行深入分析,发现农民就业城镇化意愿与居住、户籍城镇化意愿依然差距较大,就业与居住的理想地点仍然错位明显;年龄对于各类农民不同层次城镇化意愿均有显著影响,家庭年收入对于非农和务农农民的居住城镇化意愿影响较为显著,子女婚姻需求对非农、务农农民的居住城镇化意愿影响较为显著,子女就学需求对于兼业农民的就业、户籍城镇化意愿影响以及非农农民的居住城镇化意愿较为显著。研究表明,一方面胶东地区城镇人口中的"人户分离"问题难以快速减轻,另一方面,县城作为县域城镇化的中心,具有较大发展潜力,镇区主要为务农、兼业农民提供非农就业机会。
The process and quality of urbanization is directly affected by the farmers' willingness to urbanize. According to the occupational differentiation, the farmers in Jiao dong area were divided into three categories, including farmers, part-time farmers and non-agricultural farmers. Their different levels of urbanization willingness and its influencing factors were analyzed. The findings were obtained as follows. First, the willingness to work in urbanization was still far from the willingness to live and household registration, and the ideal location for employment and residence was still misplaced. Second, theage had a significant impact on the different levels of urbanization willingness of all farmers.Theannual family income had a significant impact on the willingness of non-agricultural and farmer farmers to live in urbanization, just as the children's marital needs. The demand for children's schooling had a significant impact on the employment and the willingness of household registration urbanization of part-time farmers, and the willingness of non-agricultural farmers to live in urbanization. Third, the research indicated that the resident population of rural household registration in Jiao dong town area were difficult to reduce rapidly. The county town was main destination for farmers, so it had great development potential. The township mainly provided non-agricultural employment opportunities for farmers and part-time farmers.
The process and quality of urbanization is directly affected by the farmers' willingness to urbanize. According to the occupational differentiation, the farmers in Jiao dong area were divided into three categories, including farmers, part-time farmers and non-agricultural farmers. Their different levels of urbanization willingness and its influencing factors were analyzed. The findings were obtained as follows. First, the willingness to work in urbanization was still far from the willingness to live and household registration, and the ideal location for employment and residence was still misplaced. Second, theage had a significant impact on the different levels of urbanization willingness of all farmers.Theannual family income had a significant impact on the willingness of non-agricultural and farmer farmers to live in urbanization, just as the children's marital needs. The demand for children's schooling had a significant impact on the employment and the willingness of household registration urbanization of part-time farmers, and the willingness of non-agricultural farmers to live in urbanization. Third, the research indicated that the resident population of rural household registration in Jiao dong town area were difficult to reduce rapidly. The county town was main destination for farmers, so it had great development potential. The township mainly provided non-agricultural employment opportunities for farmers and part-time farmers.
引文
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[2]陈会广,单丁洁.农民职业分化、收入分化与农村土地制度选择--来自苏鲁辽津四省市的实地调查[J].经济学家,2010(4):85-92
[3]罗震东,韦江绿,张京祥,等.高度城镇化地区乡村居民的城镇化意愿研究--基于常州市区的调查[J].上海城市规划,2014(3):35-43
[4]陈轶,刘涛,李子豪,等.大城市边缘区居村农民就地城镇化意愿影响因素--以南京江北新区为例[J].地域研究与开发,2018,37(06):70-75.
[5]甄延临,董玉良.基于农民进城意愿调查的城市化问题及对策研究--以嘉兴市为例[J].现代城市研究,2011,26(01):93-96.
[6]韩秀丽,冯蛟,李鸣骥.农业转移人口就近城镇化个体响应的影响因素[J].城市问题,2018(08):87-94.
[7]杜巍,牛静坤,车蕾.农业转移人口市民化意愿:生计恢复力与土地政策的双重影响[J].公共管理学报,2018,15(03):66-77+157.
[8]吴翌琳,张心雨.城镇化背景下农民进城定居意愿及影响因素分析[J].经济学家,2018(02):88-92.
[9]杨传开,刘晔,徐伟,等.中国农民进城定居的意愿与影响因素--基于CGSS2010的分析[J].地理研究,2017,36(12):2369-2382.
[10]陈轶,吕斌,张雪,等.城乡统筹背景下县域农村居民城镇化迁移意愿特征研究[J].小城镇建设,2013(8):1277-1287.
[11]严瑞河,刘春成.北京郊区农民城镇化意愿分层--基于照顾老年人的视角[J].城市规划,2014(7):37-41.
[12]夏永久,储金龙.基于代际比较视角的农民城镇化意愿及影响因素--来自皖北的实证[J].城市发展研究,2014(9):12-17.