城市典型LID措施水文效应及雨洪控制效果分析
|
摘要
城市化的快速发展加剧了城市内涝灾害及水污染问题。以天津市蓟州区某小区为研究区域,根据其规划方案,在透水铺装物理实验基础上,建立SWMM模型,模拟不同降雨事件中7种规划方案的径流控制效果,分析在一定区域内采用自然排水系统代替雨水管网的可行性,以及单独布设透水铺装、下凹绿地、植草沟、生物滞留区和组合LID方案对径流的控制作用。结果表明:通过植草沟等完成汇流是可行的,并且能达到更好的控制效果。LID措施能够削减径流总量、洪峰流量、积水量,延迟峰现时间,且控制效果在低重现期、短历时降雨时更为显著。其中,组合LID方案的控制效果最优;透水铺装和生物滞留区对洪峰流量的削减效果最显著;植草沟单独铺设时,雨洪控制效果较差。
Rapid development of urbanization has aggravated the problem of urban waterlogging and water pollution. In the present study of a residential area in Jizhou District of Tianjin, a SWMM model is developed on the basis of its planning scheme and a physical experiment of permeable pavement, and the stormwater control effects of seven planning schemes for different rainfall events are simulated. We explore the feasibility of adopting a natural drainage system in replacement of a rainwater pipe network in a certain area, and examine the control of different schemes-separate permeable pavement, depressed green, vegetative swale, bio-retention facility, and combined low impact development(LID) measures.The results indicate that it is feasible for the natural drainage system to complete the flow convergence through permeable pavement, etc. and these measures can achieve a better control effect. Combined LID measures can reduce total runoff, flood peak flow and water accumulation, and delay peak time, thereby producing a more effective stormwater control for the rainfalls with a short return period and short duration. Among all the measures examined, the scheme of combined LID measures is best in stormwater control, the combination of permeable pavement and bio-retention facility is best in reduction of peak flow, and vegetative swale has a poor stormwater control effect.
Rapid development of urbanization has aggravated the problem of urban waterlogging and water pollution. In the present study of a residential area in Jizhou District of Tianjin, a SWMM model is developed on the basis of its planning scheme and a physical experiment of permeable pavement, and the stormwater control effects of seven planning schemes for different rainfall events are simulated. We explore the feasibility of adopting a natural drainage system in replacement of a rainwater pipe network in a certain area, and examine the control of different schemes-separate permeable pavement, depressed green, vegetative swale, bio-retention facility, and combined low impact development(LID) measures.The results indicate that it is feasible for the natural drainage system to complete the flow convergence through permeable pavement, etc. and these measures can achieve a better control effect. Combined LID measures can reduce total runoff, flood peak flow and water accumulation, and delay peak time, thereby producing a more effective stormwater control for the rainfalls with a short return period and short duration. Among all the measures examined, the scheme of combined LID measures is best in stormwater control, the combination of permeable pavement and bio-retention facility is best in reduction of peak flow, and vegetative swale has a poor stormwater control effect.
引文
[1]周倩倩,曾经,许苗苗,等.城市内涝区改造措施的降雨径流模拟和评估[J].水电能源科学,2018,36(1):13-15.ZHOU Qianqian,ZENG Jing,XU Miaomiao,et al.Modeling and assessment of urban flood adaptation measures[J].Water Resources and Power,2018,36(1):13-15.(in Chinese)
[2]刘文,陈卫平,彭驰.城市雨洪管理低影响开发技术研究与利用进展[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1901-1912.LIU Wen,CHEN Weiping,PENG Chi.Advances in low impact developmen technology for urban stormwater management[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(6):1901-1912.(in Chinese)
[3]李亚娇,徐毓江,李家科.低影响开发单项设施模拟模型研究与应用进展[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(5):135-141.LI Yajiao,XU Yujiang,LI Jiake.Advance in simulation model research and application for single facility of low impact development[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2017,28(5):135-141.(in Chinese)
[4]何爽,刘俊,朱嘉祺.基于SWMM模型的低影响开发模式雨洪控制利用效果模拟与评估[J].水电能源科学,2013,31(12):42-45.HE Shuang,LIU Jun,ZHU Jiaqi.Rainwater control and utilization effect assessment and simulation of low imoact develooment based on SWMM[J].Water Resources and Power,2013,31(12):42-45.(in Chinese)
[5]孙艳伟,POMEROY C A,吕素冰,等.基于不同重现期降水的LID措施水文调控性能研究[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(6):178-186.SUN Yanwei,POMEROY C A,LV Subing,et al.Hydrological regulation performances of LID practices based on different rainfall reappearance periods[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(6):178-186.(in Chinese)
[6]桑非凡.透水铺装地面降雨入渗、径流过程及减污效果的试验与模拟[D].西安:西安理工大学,2016.SANG Feifan.Experiment and simulation of rainfall infiltration,runoff process and effect of removing pollutions on types of permeable pavements[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
[7]DRAKE J,BRADFORD A,SETERS T V.Hydrologic performance of three partial-infiltration permeable pavements in a cold climate over low permeability soil[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2014,19(9):159-169.
[8]DREELIN E A,FOWLER L,CARROLL C R.A test of porous pavement effectiveness on clay soils during natural storm events[J].Water Research,2006,40(4):799-805.
[9]侯立柱,冯绍元,韩志文,等.透水砖铺装地面垫层结构对城市雨水入渗过程的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2006,11(4):83-88.HOU Lizhu,FENG Shaoyuan,HAN Zhiwen,et al.Experimental study on impacts of infiltration treated with porous pavement[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2006,11(4):83-88.(in Chinese)
[10]熊赟,李子富,胡爱兵,等.某低影响开发居住小区水量水质的SWMM模拟[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(17):100-103.XIONG Yun,LI Zifu,HU Aibing,et al.Simulation of effect of LID facilities on water quantity and quality in residential area based on SWMM[J].China Water&Wastewater,2015,31(17):100-103.(in Chinese)
[11]天津市城乡建设委员会.天津市海绵城市建设技术导则[R].2016.Tianjin Urban and Rural Construction Committee.Technical guidelines for the sponge city construction in Tianjin[R].2016.(in Chinese)
[12]李春林,胡远满,刘淼,等.SWMM模型参数局部灵敏度分析[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(4):1076-1081.LI Chunlin,HU Yuanman,LIU Miao,et al.Local sensitivity analysis of parameters in storm water management model[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(4):1076-1081.(in Chinese)
[13]常晓栋,李怀民.基于Sobol方法的SWMM模型参数敏感性分析[J].水力发电学报,2018,37(3):59-68.CHANG Xiaodong,LI Huaimin.Sensitivity analysis on SWMM model parameters based on Sobol method[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2018,37(3):59-68.(in Chinese)
[14]周毅,余明辉,陈永祥.SWMM子汇水区域宽度参数的估算方法介绍[J].中国给水排水,2014,30(22):61-64.ZHOU Yi,YU Minghui,CHEN Yongxiang.Estimation of Sub-catchment width in SWMM[J].China Water&Wastewater,2014,30(22):61-64.(in Chinese)
[15]李婉亭,孙冬梅,冯平.低影响开发措施(LID)对天津市暴雨径流影响模拟研究[J].自然灾害学报,2017,26(3):156-166.LI Wanting,SUN Dongmei,FENG Ping.Simulation study on influence of low impact development measures on rainstorm runoff in Tianjin municipality[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2017,26(3):156-166.(in Chinese)
[16]李霞,石宇亭,李国金.基于SWMM和低影响开发模式的老城区雨水控制模拟研究[J].给水排水,2015,41(5):152-156.LI Xia,SHI Yuting,LI Guojin.Simulation study on stormwater controlling system of the old town based on SWMM and LID[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2015,41(5):152-156.(in Chinese)
[17]刘兴坡.基于径流系数的城市降雨径流模型参数校准方法[J].给水排水,2009,35(11):213-217.LIU Xingpo.Parameter calibration method for urban rainfall-runoff model based on runoff coefficient[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2009,35(11):213-217.(in Chinese)
[18]周亚玲,叶兴成,王飞,等.低影响开发措施综合布设条件下区域径流削减效果[J].水电能源科学,2018,36(4):18-21.ZHOU Yaling,YE Xingcheng,WANG Fei,et al.Reduction Effect of regional runoff under conditions of comprehensive layout of low impact development measures[J].Water Resources and Power,2018,36(4):18-21.(in Chinese)
[19]裔士刚,王祥勇,康威,等.改良型下凹绿地对小区雨水径流的调蓄净化效能[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(5):134-138.YI Shigang,WANG Xiangyong,KANG Wei,et al.Storage and purification of rainfall runoff by modified concave-down green space in green building community[J].China Water&Wastewater,2017,33(5):134-138.(in Chinese)
[20]符锐,罗龙洪,刘俊,等.SWMM模型中的低影响开发模块在排水防涝系统中的应用[J].水电能源科学,2014,32(9):71-74.FU Rui,LUO Longhong,LIU Jun,et al.Application of low impact development module of SWMM in drainage and flooding control system[J].Water Resources and Power,2014,32(9):71-74.(in Chinese)
[21]朱培元,傅春,肖存艳.基于SWMM的住宅区多LID措施雨水系统径流控制[J].水电能源科学,2018,36(3):10-13.ZHU Peiyuan,FU Chun,XIAO Cunyan.Runoff control of multiple LID facilities rainwater drainage system in residential area based on SWMM[J].Water Resources and Power,2018,36(3):10-13.(in Chinese)
[22]黄国如,黄维,张灵敏,等.基于GIS和SWMM模型的城市暴雨积水模拟[J].水资源与水工程学报,2015,26(4):1-6.HUANG Guoru,HUANG Wei,ZHANG Lingmin,et al.Simulation of rainstorm waterlogging in urban areas based on GIS and SWMM model[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2015,26(4):1-6.(in Chinese)
[2]刘文,陈卫平,彭驰.城市雨洪管理低影响开发技术研究与利用进展[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1901-1912.LIU Wen,CHEN Weiping,PENG Chi.Advances in low impact developmen technology for urban stormwater management[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(6):1901-1912.(in Chinese)
[3]李亚娇,徐毓江,李家科.低影响开发单项设施模拟模型研究与应用进展[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(5):135-141.LI Yajiao,XU Yujiang,LI Jiake.Advance in simulation model research and application for single facility of low impact development[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2017,28(5):135-141.(in Chinese)
[4]何爽,刘俊,朱嘉祺.基于SWMM模型的低影响开发模式雨洪控制利用效果模拟与评估[J].水电能源科学,2013,31(12):42-45.HE Shuang,LIU Jun,ZHU Jiaqi.Rainwater control and utilization effect assessment and simulation of low imoact develooment based on SWMM[J].Water Resources and Power,2013,31(12):42-45.(in Chinese)
[5]孙艳伟,POMEROY C A,吕素冰,等.基于不同重现期降水的LID措施水文调控性能研究[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(6):178-186.SUN Yanwei,POMEROY C A,LV Subing,et al.Hydrological regulation performances of LID practices based on different rainfall reappearance periods[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(6):178-186.(in Chinese)
[6]桑非凡.透水铺装地面降雨入渗、径流过程及减污效果的试验与模拟[D].西安:西安理工大学,2016.SANG Feifan.Experiment and simulation of rainfall infiltration,runoff process and effect of removing pollutions on types of permeable pavements[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
[7]DRAKE J,BRADFORD A,SETERS T V.Hydrologic performance of three partial-infiltration permeable pavements in a cold climate over low permeability soil[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2014,19(9):159-169.
[8]DREELIN E A,FOWLER L,CARROLL C R.A test of porous pavement effectiveness on clay soils during natural storm events[J].Water Research,2006,40(4):799-805.
[9]侯立柱,冯绍元,韩志文,等.透水砖铺装地面垫层结构对城市雨水入渗过程的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2006,11(4):83-88.HOU Lizhu,FENG Shaoyuan,HAN Zhiwen,et al.Experimental study on impacts of infiltration treated with porous pavement[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2006,11(4):83-88.(in Chinese)
[10]熊赟,李子富,胡爱兵,等.某低影响开发居住小区水量水质的SWMM模拟[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(17):100-103.XIONG Yun,LI Zifu,HU Aibing,et al.Simulation of effect of LID facilities on water quantity and quality in residential area based on SWMM[J].China Water&Wastewater,2015,31(17):100-103.(in Chinese)
[11]天津市城乡建设委员会.天津市海绵城市建设技术导则[R].2016.Tianjin Urban and Rural Construction Committee.Technical guidelines for the sponge city construction in Tianjin[R].2016.(in Chinese)
[12]李春林,胡远满,刘淼,等.SWMM模型参数局部灵敏度分析[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(4):1076-1081.LI Chunlin,HU Yuanman,LIU Miao,et al.Local sensitivity analysis of parameters in storm water management model[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(4):1076-1081.(in Chinese)
[13]常晓栋,李怀民.基于Sobol方法的SWMM模型参数敏感性分析[J].水力发电学报,2018,37(3):59-68.CHANG Xiaodong,LI Huaimin.Sensitivity analysis on SWMM model parameters based on Sobol method[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2018,37(3):59-68.(in Chinese)
[14]周毅,余明辉,陈永祥.SWMM子汇水区域宽度参数的估算方法介绍[J].中国给水排水,2014,30(22):61-64.ZHOU Yi,YU Minghui,CHEN Yongxiang.Estimation of Sub-catchment width in SWMM[J].China Water&Wastewater,2014,30(22):61-64.(in Chinese)
[15]李婉亭,孙冬梅,冯平.低影响开发措施(LID)对天津市暴雨径流影响模拟研究[J].自然灾害学报,2017,26(3):156-166.LI Wanting,SUN Dongmei,FENG Ping.Simulation study on influence of low impact development measures on rainstorm runoff in Tianjin municipality[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2017,26(3):156-166.(in Chinese)
[16]李霞,石宇亭,李国金.基于SWMM和低影响开发模式的老城区雨水控制模拟研究[J].给水排水,2015,41(5):152-156.LI Xia,SHI Yuting,LI Guojin.Simulation study on stormwater controlling system of the old town based on SWMM and LID[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2015,41(5):152-156.(in Chinese)
[17]刘兴坡.基于径流系数的城市降雨径流模型参数校准方法[J].给水排水,2009,35(11):213-217.LIU Xingpo.Parameter calibration method for urban rainfall-runoff model based on runoff coefficient[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2009,35(11):213-217.(in Chinese)
[18]周亚玲,叶兴成,王飞,等.低影响开发措施综合布设条件下区域径流削减效果[J].水电能源科学,2018,36(4):18-21.ZHOU Yaling,YE Xingcheng,WANG Fei,et al.Reduction Effect of regional runoff under conditions of comprehensive layout of low impact development measures[J].Water Resources and Power,2018,36(4):18-21.(in Chinese)
[19]裔士刚,王祥勇,康威,等.改良型下凹绿地对小区雨水径流的调蓄净化效能[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(5):134-138.YI Shigang,WANG Xiangyong,KANG Wei,et al.Storage and purification of rainfall runoff by modified concave-down green space in green building community[J].China Water&Wastewater,2017,33(5):134-138.(in Chinese)
[20]符锐,罗龙洪,刘俊,等.SWMM模型中的低影响开发模块在排水防涝系统中的应用[J].水电能源科学,2014,32(9):71-74.FU Rui,LUO Longhong,LIU Jun,et al.Application of low impact development module of SWMM in drainage and flooding control system[J].Water Resources and Power,2014,32(9):71-74.(in Chinese)
[21]朱培元,傅春,肖存艳.基于SWMM的住宅区多LID措施雨水系统径流控制[J].水电能源科学,2018,36(3):10-13.ZHU Peiyuan,FU Chun,XIAO Cunyan.Runoff control of multiple LID facilities rainwater drainage system in residential area based on SWMM[J].Water Resources and Power,2018,36(3):10-13.(in Chinese)
[22]黄国如,黄维,张灵敏,等.基于GIS和SWMM模型的城市暴雨积水模拟[J].水资源与水工程学报,2015,26(4):1-6.HUANG Guoru,HUANG Wei,ZHANG Lingmin,et al.Simulation of rainstorm waterlogging in urban areas based on GIS and SWMM model[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2015,26(4):1-6.(in Chinese)