景观生态视角下镇域生态服务评价与网络构建
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摘要
严寒地区的农林牧生产空间和自然环境空间是覆盖镇(乡)域的主体要素,承担着多种人类、动植物和自然生态过程,是景观功能策源地和生态服务功能的枢纽区域。立足于景观生态学视角,借助递阶层次结构模型建立镇域景观要素类型与生态服务功能的分析框架,以生态服务指数构建为手段,Arc GIS操作平台为工具,实现基于单元景观类型累积计量的生态服务强度评价。在此基础上,以"斑块—廊道—基质"为景观结构范式,通过重要的生态服务斑块的辨识与基质阻力表面的建立,运用最小累积阻力模型,循环计算得出镇域生态服务的最小耗费方向与最佳廊道,构建生态服务功能网络,为镇域生态服务强度辨识与功能优化提供新视角、新途径。
The production space and natural space of forestry and animal husbandry in severe cold area are the landscape function matrix and eco-service function hub which undertake the ecological process of human, animals, plants and the natue. The paper established the analysis frame of township landscape element types and eco-service function based on landscape ecology and hierarchical structure model, and completed the evaluation of eco-service intension using unit landscape type accumulative measurement, eco-service index construction and Arc GIS technology. Taking "patch-corridor-matrix" for paradigm, it is expected to build eco-service patch identification and matrix resistance using the minimum cumulative resistance model circularly to calculate the least-cost orientation and the best path for township while building eco-service function network to provide a new view and a new way of township eco-service intension identification and function optimization.
The production space and natural space of forestry and animal husbandry in severe cold area are the landscape function matrix and eco-service function hub which undertake the ecological process of human, animals, plants and the natue. The paper established the analysis frame of township landscape element types and eco-service function based on landscape ecology and hierarchical structure model, and completed the evaluation of eco-service intension using unit landscape type accumulative measurement, eco-service index construction and Arc GIS technology. Taking "patch-corridor-matrix" for paradigm, it is expected to build eco-service patch identification and matrix resistance using the minimum cumulative resistance model circularly to calculate the least-cost orientation and the best path for township while building eco-service function network to provide a new view and a new way of township eco-service intension identification and function optimization.
引文
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[2]Zhang Y M,Zhao S D,Guo R C.Recent Advances and Challenges in Ecosystem Service Research[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2014(3):82-90.
[3]欧阳志云,王如松,赵景柱.生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评价[J].应用生态学报,1999(5):635-639.
[4]Naveh Z,Lieberman A S.Landscape Ecology:Theory and Application[M].New York:SpringerVerlag,1984.
[5]傅伯杰,陈利顶,王仰麟,等.景观生态学原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[6]肖笃宁,李秀珍,高俊,等.景观生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[7]邱扬,张金屯,郑凤英.景观生态学的核心:生态学系统的时空异质性[J].生态学杂志,2000,19(2):42-49.
[8]肖笃宁,李秀珍.景观生态学的学科前沿与发展战略[J].生态学报,2003(8):1615-1620.
[9]Forman R T.Landscape Mosaics:The Ecology of Landscape and Regions[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,1995.
[10]毕凌岚,黄光宇.对现行城市土地利用规划的生态反思[J].城市规划汇刊,2003(5):52-58.
[11]夏南凯,乔玮,刘晟.基于土地利用视角的区域生态风险指数评价方法分析[J].城市规划学刊,2011(1):53-57.
[12]臧淑英,梁欣,张思冲.基于Arc GIS的大庆市土地利用生态风险分析[J].自然灾害学报,2005(4):141-145.
[13]邓红兵,陈春娣,刘昕,等.区域生态用地的概念及分类[J].生态学报,2009(3):1519-1524.
[14]喻锋,李晓波,张丽君,等.中国生态用地研究:内涵、分类与时空格局[J].生态学报,2014:1-15.
[15]吴昌广,周志翔,王鹏程,等.基于最小费用模型的景观连接度评价[J].应用生态学报,2009(8):2042-2048.
[16]上海同济城市规划设计研究院.五大连池风景名胜区总体规划(2007-2025)[Z].2007.
[17]李纪宏,刘雪华.基于最小费用距离模型的自然保护区功能分区[J].自然资源报,2006(2):217-223.
[18]郭宏斌.最小耗费生态功能网络规划研究:以厦门岛内为例[J].内蒙古环境科学,2009(6):19-23.