石佛寺水库周边地下水生态水位研究
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摘要
鉴于地下水生态水位埋深确定的重要性,通过室内土柱蒸发试验、毛细上升高度试验进行分析计算,确定极限蒸发深度与毛细上升高度,从而确定石佛寺水库不同功能区地下水生态水位埋深上、下限。结果表明,粉质砂土区、粘土区极限蒸发深度分别为4.1、4.0m;水库及周边地区毛细水上升高度约为1.5m;库区内各植物生长最适宜地下水位埋深为2.0m,附近农田区水稻高产的最适宜地下水位埋深为1.8m。因此,为均衡合理地利用地下水资源,避免产生生态负效应,应将石佛寺水库漫滩区地下水生态水位埋深控制在2.0~4.1m之间,湿地区生态水位埋深控制在2.0~4.0m之间,附近农田区生态水位埋深控制在1.8~4.0m之间。
In view of the importance of determining the depth of groundwater ecological water level,indoor soil column evaporation test and capillary rise height test were used to analyze and determine the ultimate evaporation depth and capillary rise height.Thus,the upper and lower limit of groundwater ecological water level in different functional areas of Shifosi Reservoir were obtained.The results show that the limit evaporation depths in the silty and clay zones are 4.1 and4.0 m,respectively;The capillary water rise height around the Shifosi Reservoir is about 1.5 m;The optimum depth of plant growth in the reservoir area is 2.0 m,and the optimum depth of paddy yield in farmland near the reservoir is 1.8 m.Therefore,in order to balance and make rational use of groundwater resources and avoid ecological negative effects,the ecological groundwater level of floodplain sandstone area and wetland clay area water level in the reservoir area should be controlled in the range of 2 mand 4 m,and farmland clay area ecological groundwater level should be controlled from 1.8 mto 4.0 m.
In view of the importance of determining the depth of groundwater ecological water level,indoor soil column evaporation test and capillary rise height test were used to analyze and determine the ultimate evaporation depth and capillary rise height.Thus,the upper and lower limit of groundwater ecological water level in different functional areas of Shifosi Reservoir were obtained.The results show that the limit evaporation depths in the silty and clay zones are 4.1 and4.0 m,respectively;The capillary water rise height around the Shifosi Reservoir is about 1.5 m;The optimum depth of plant growth in the reservoir area is 2.0 m,and the optimum depth of paddy yield in farmland near the reservoir is 1.8 m.Therefore,in order to balance and make rational use of groundwater resources and avoid ecological negative effects,the ecological groundwater level of floodplain sandstone area and wetland clay area water level in the reservoir area should be controlled in the range of 2 mand 4 m,and farmland clay area ecological groundwater level should be controlled from 1.8 mto 4.0 m.
引文
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[3]Rli R,Elliott R L,Ayars E,et al.Soil Salinity Modeling over Shallow Water Tables.Ⅱ:Application of LEACHC[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2000,126(4):234-242.
[4]Jonathan L Horton,Thomas E Kolb,Stephen C Hart.Physiological Response to Groundwater Depth Varies Among Species and with River Flow Regulation[J].Ecological Applications,2001,11(4):1 046-1 059.
[5]王喜华.三江平原地下水—地表水联合模拟与调控研究[D].长春:中国科学院研究生院(东北地理与农业生态研究所),2015.
[6]尚海敏,王文科,段磊,等.天山北麓地下水基于生态水位的调控模拟分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(6):144-147.
[7]荣丽杉,刘高焕,束龙仓,等.黄河三角洲地下水生态水位埋深研究[J].水电能源科学,2010,28(6):92-95,142.
[8]侯莉莉.蒸发条件下包气带水热运移模拟研究[D].西安:长安大学,2009.
[9]林茂森,关德新,金昌杰,等.枯落物覆盖对阔叶红松林土壤蒸发的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(10):2501-2 506.
[10]王铁行,陈晶晶,李彦龙.非饱和黄土地表蒸发的试验研究[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(6):985-990.
[11]霍思远.潜水位下降对入渗补给的影响研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2015.
[12]张建国,赵惠君.地下水毛细上升高度及确定[J].地下水,1988(8):135-139.