生态浮床对养殖水产品中重金属含量和肌肉品质的影响
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摘要
为比较铺设海马齿生态浮床的鱼、贝混养池塘(实验塘)和鱼、贝单一养殖池塘(对照塘)的养殖质量,实验采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定黄鳍鲷、尼罗罗非鱼、鲻3种鱼的鳃、内脏和肌肉及近江牡蛎、泥蚶两种贝类软体部分的Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb 5种重金属含量,并进行食用安全性评价;同时,测定了两种模式下养殖的黄鳍鲷与尼罗罗非鱼肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸组成及一般营养成分,以进行肌肉品质评价。结果显示,实验塘中各种水产品食用部分的重金属含量均未超过国家水产品相关限量标准;对照塘中近江牡蛎软体部分中Cu和Cd的含量分别为57.113 mg/kg wet wt.和1.163 mg/kg wet wt.,泥蚶软体部分中Cd含量达到1.231 mg/kg wet wt.,均超过了限量标准。黄鳍鲷、尼罗罗非鱼、鲻3种鱼类肌肉的安全性评价结果显示,两组鱼肉的摄入均不会对人体健康造成潜在威胁。实验塘黄鳍鲷肌肉中的鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于对照塘,而实验塘尼罗罗非鱼肌肉中氨基酸总量TAA、必需氨基酸总量EAA、鲜味氨基酸含量DAA均显著高于对照塘(P<0.05);实验塘两种鱼肌肉中粗蛋白和多不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,饱和脂肪酸含量低(P<0.05)。研究表明,实验塘鱼体肌肉的营养价值高于对照塘,且肉质更加鲜美。
To study the effects of ecological floating beds on the quality of aquatic products,three species of fish(Sparu latus,Oreochromis niloticus and Mugil cephalus) and two species of mollusk(Crassostrea rivularis and Tegillarca granosa) were collected from the polyculture pond with floating bed and traditional monoculture ponds.Concentrations of heavy metals including Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb were measured in muscles,gills and viscera of fish and in the edible part of mollusk for health risk assessment. Nutritional quality of S. latus and O. niloticus was analyzed in terms of their muscle nutrition,amino acids and fatty acids composition. The results showed that the concentrations of five heavy metals of all products from the experimental pond conformed to the criteria values for aquatic food in China. However,the concentrations of Cu(57.113 mg/kg wet wt) and Cd(1.163 mg/kg wet wt) in C. rivularis and the concentration of Cd in T. granosa from the control ponds were all beyond the criteria values.According to the Hazard Quotient,there will be no potential risks resulting from ingestion of fish from two kinds of ponds. Content of umami amino acid of S. latus from the experimental pond was significantly higher than that of the control pond. O. niloticus from the experimental pond had notably higher contents of TAA,EAA and DAA than those from control pond. Contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids of S. latus and O. niloticus from the testing pond were all higher than those in the control ponds,while opposite results were observed for the contents of saturated fatty acids. Generally,polyculture mode with in-situ ecological floating beds system demonstrated superiorities to the traditional monoculture mode according to the health risk assessment and nutritional quality of aquatic products.
To study the effects of ecological floating beds on the quality of aquatic products,three species of fish(Sparu latus,Oreochromis niloticus and Mugil cephalus) and two species of mollusk(Crassostrea rivularis and Tegillarca granosa) were collected from the polyculture pond with floating bed and traditional monoculture ponds.Concentrations of heavy metals including Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb were measured in muscles,gills and viscera of fish and in the edible part of mollusk for health risk assessment. Nutritional quality of S. latus and O. niloticus was analyzed in terms of their muscle nutrition,amino acids and fatty acids composition. The results showed that the concentrations of five heavy metals of all products from the experimental pond conformed to the criteria values for aquatic food in China. However,the concentrations of Cu(57.113 mg/kg wet wt) and Cd(1.163 mg/kg wet wt) in C. rivularis and the concentration of Cd in T. granosa from the control ponds were all beyond the criteria values.According to the Hazard Quotient,there will be no potential risks resulting from ingestion of fish from two kinds of ponds. Content of umami amino acid of S. latus from the experimental pond was significantly higher than that of the control pond. O. niloticus from the experimental pond had notably higher contents of TAA,EAA and DAA than those from control pond. Contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids of S. latus and O. niloticus from the testing pond were all higher than those in the control ponds,while opposite results were observed for the contents of saturated fatty acids. Generally,polyculture mode with in-situ ecological floating beds system demonstrated superiorities to the traditional monoculture mode according to the health risk assessment and nutritional quality of aquatic products.
引文
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[15]肖明松,王松,鲍方印,等.淮河蚌埠段鳙鱼体内重金属富集研究[J].安徽科技学院学报,2012,26(2):28-34.Xiao M S,Wang S,Bao F Y,et al.Concentrations of heavy metals in the bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis from Huaihe River segment of Bengbu[J].Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University,2012,26(2):28-34(in Chinese).
[16]何琳,江敏,戴习林,等.养殖鱼体中重金属污染状况评价[J].食品工业科技,2013,34(10):49-52,58.He L,Jiang M,Dai X L,et al.Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the farmed fish[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2013,34(10):49-52,58(in Chinese).
[17]Ghnaya T,Nouairi I,Slama I,et al.Cadmium effects on growth and mineral nutrition of two halophytes:Sesuvium portulacastrum and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2005,162(10):1133-1140.
[18]梁胜伟,胡新文,段瑞军,等.海马齿对无机汞的耐性和吸附积累[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(4):638-645.Liang S W,Hu X W,Duan R J,et al.Mercury tolerance and accumulation in the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2015,33(4):638-645(in Chinese).
[19]Sinha A K,Kumar V,Makkar H P S,et al.Non-starch polysaccharides and their role in fish nutrition-a review[J].Food Chemistry,2011,127(4):1409-1426.
[20]?kland H M W,Stoknes I S,Remme J F,et al.Proximate composition,fatty acid and lipid class composition of the muscle from deep-sea teleosts and elasmobranchs[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2005,140(3):437-443.
[21]胡盼,高乔,韩雨哲,等.野生与池塘、工厂化养殖牙鲆肌肉理化品质及质构特性比较研究[J].水生生物学报,2015,39(4):723-729.Hu P,Gao Q,Han Y Z,et al.Comparison of the physicochemical qualities and the muscle textural characteristics between the wild,pond-and factorycultured Paralichthys olivaceus[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2015,39(4):723-729(in Chinese).
[22]岳晓彩,饶科,熊安安,等.生态浮床原位修复对海水养殖池塘底栖动物群落结构的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(1):22-27.Yue X C,Rao K,Xiong A A,et al.Effect of ecological floating bed on benthos community structure in a mariculture pond[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2014,35(1):22-27(in Chinese).
[23]Deng Y,Luo Y L,Wang Y G,et al.Effect of different drying methods on the myosin structure,amino acid composition,protein digestibility and volatile profile of squid fillets[J].Food Chemistry,2015,171:168-176.
[24]Lemahieu C,Bruneel C,Ryckebosch E,et al.Impact of different omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(n-3 PUFA)sources(flaxseed,Isochrysis galbana,fish oil and DHAGold)on n-3 LC-PUFA enrichment(efficiency)in the egg yolk[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2015,19:821-827.
[25]Siriwardhana N,Kalupahana N S,Moustaid-Moussa N.Health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids:Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid[J].Advance in Food and Nutrition Research,2012,65:211-222.
[26]高露姣,黄艳青,夏连军,等.不同养殖模式下红鳍东方鲀的品质比较[J].水产学报,2011,35(11):1668-1676.Gao L J,Huang Y Q,Xia L J,et al.Comparison of flesh quality of farmed fugu,Takifugu rubripes from different culture models[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(11):1668-1676(in Chinese).
[27]李爽,谢从新,何绪刚,等.水蕹菜浮床对草鱼主养池塘轮虫群落结构的影响[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(1):43-50.Li S,Xie C X,He X G,et al.Effect of Ipomoea aquatica floating-bed on the rotifercommunity structure in grass carp pond[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2014,38(1):43-50(in Chinese).
[28]李晓莉,陶玲,张世羊,等.陶粒浮床对草鱼养殖池塘水质和浮游植物的影响[J].水生生物学报,2015,39(3):507-516.Li X L,Tao L,Zhang S Y,et al.The effects of a new ceramsite ecological floating bed on thewater quality and phytoplankton in grass carp culture ponds[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2015,39(3):507-516(in Chinese).
[29]Carvalho S,Barata M,Pereira F,et al.Distribution patterns of macrobenthic species in relation to organic enrichment within aquaculture earthen ponds[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2006,52(12):1573-1584.
[30]王胜男,陈卫.浅析淡水浮游动物的种类组成及其生态功能作用[J].生物学通报,2012,47(10):10-13.Wang S N,Chen W.Research on species composition and ecological functions of zooplanktons in fresh water[J].Bulletin of Biology,2012,47(10):10-13(in Chinese).
[2]吴伟,胡庚东,金兰仙,等.浮床植物系统对池塘水体微生物的动态影响[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(9):791-795.Wu W,Hu G D,Jin L X,et al.Dynamic influence on microorganisms in pond waterbody by the planted float system[J].China Environmental Science,2008,28(9):791-795(in Chinese).
[3]王炯.水生植物水体修复技术简述[J].科技情报开发与经济,2012,22(5):105-107.Wang J.Discussion on aquatic plant-based water restoration technology[J].Sci-Tech Information Development&Economy,2012,22(5):105-107(in Chinese).
[4]Wang C Y,Sample D J.Assessing floating treatment wetlands nutrient removal performance through a first order kinetics model and statistical inference[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,61(19):292-302.
[5]窦碧霞,黄建荣,李连春,等.海马齿对海水养殖系统中氮、磷的移除效果研究[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(5):94-99.Dou B X,Huang J R,Li L C,et al.Research on effects of nutrient and phosphate removal from marine aquaculture system by Sesuvium portulacastrum[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2011,32(5):94-99(in Chinese).
[6]董小霞,颜昌宙,王灶生,等.组合式水生植物净化系统对Cu、Pb和Cd的去除与生物富集特征[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(4):1447-1453.Dong X X,Yan C Z,Wang Z S,et al.Removal efficiency and accumulation characteristics of Cu,Pb and Cd in combined purification systems[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(4):1447-1453(in Chinese).
[7]Borne K E,Fassman E A,Tanner C C.Floating treatment wetland retrofit to improve stormwater pond performance for suspended solids,copper and zinc[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,54:173-182.
[8]Hu L,Yun B,Xue M,et al.Effects of fish meal quality and fish meal substitution by animal protein blend on growth performance,flesh quality and liver histology of Japanese seabass(Lateolabrax japonicus)[J].Aquaculture,2013,s 372-375(1):52-61.
[9]Grigorakis K.Compositional and organoleptic quality of farmed and wild gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata)and sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)and factors affecting it:A review[J].Aquaculture,2007,272(1-4):55-75.
[10]顾佳丽,赵刚.辽宁沿海城市海鱼和贝类中重金属含量的测定及评价[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(8):63-67.Gu J L,Zhao G.Determination and safety evaluation of heavy metals in fish and shellfish from Liaoning coastal city[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2012,33(8):63-67(in Chinese).
[11]Storelli M M.Potential human health risks from metals(Hg,Cd,and Pb)and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)via seafood consumption:estimation of target hazard quotients(THQs)and toxic equivalents(TEQs)[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2008,46(8):2782-2788.
[12]黄强,赵静,陈升桂,等.莱州海产品市场食用鱼类中重金属含量调查及评价[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(5):248-251.Huang Q,Zhao J,Chen S G,et al.Investigation and evaluation of heavy metal content in edible fish available in a seafood market of Laizhou[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(5):248-251(in Chinese).
[13]Taweel A,Shuhaimi-Othman M,Ahmad A K.Assessment of heavy metals in tilapia fish(Oreochromis niloticus)from the Langat River and Engineering Lake in Bangi,Malaysia,and evaluation of the health risk from tilapia consumption[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2013,93:45-51.
[14]陈晓婷,吴靖娜,路海霞,等.蓝圆鲹肌肉中营养成分分析与评价[J].渔业现代化,2016,43(1):56-61.Chen X T,Wu J N,Lu H X,et al.Analysis and evaluation of nutritional components in the muscle of Decapterus maruadsi[J].Fishery Modernization,2016,43(1):56-61(in Chinese).
[15]肖明松,王松,鲍方印,等.淮河蚌埠段鳙鱼体内重金属富集研究[J].安徽科技学院学报,2012,26(2):28-34.Xiao M S,Wang S,Bao F Y,et al.Concentrations of heavy metals in the bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis from Huaihe River segment of Bengbu[J].Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University,2012,26(2):28-34(in Chinese).
[16]何琳,江敏,戴习林,等.养殖鱼体中重金属污染状况评价[J].食品工业科技,2013,34(10):49-52,58.He L,Jiang M,Dai X L,et al.Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the farmed fish[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2013,34(10):49-52,58(in Chinese).
[17]Ghnaya T,Nouairi I,Slama I,et al.Cadmium effects on growth and mineral nutrition of two halophytes:Sesuvium portulacastrum and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2005,162(10):1133-1140.
[18]梁胜伟,胡新文,段瑞军,等.海马齿对无机汞的耐性和吸附积累[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(4):638-645.Liang S W,Hu X W,Duan R J,et al.Mercury tolerance and accumulation in the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2015,33(4):638-645(in Chinese).
[19]Sinha A K,Kumar V,Makkar H P S,et al.Non-starch polysaccharides and their role in fish nutrition-a review[J].Food Chemistry,2011,127(4):1409-1426.
[20]?kland H M W,Stoknes I S,Remme J F,et al.Proximate composition,fatty acid and lipid class composition of the muscle from deep-sea teleosts and elasmobranchs[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2005,140(3):437-443.
[21]胡盼,高乔,韩雨哲,等.野生与池塘、工厂化养殖牙鲆肌肉理化品质及质构特性比较研究[J].水生生物学报,2015,39(4):723-729.Hu P,Gao Q,Han Y Z,et al.Comparison of the physicochemical qualities and the muscle textural characteristics between the wild,pond-and factorycultured Paralichthys olivaceus[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2015,39(4):723-729(in Chinese).
[22]岳晓彩,饶科,熊安安,等.生态浮床原位修复对海水养殖池塘底栖动物群落结构的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(1):22-27.Yue X C,Rao K,Xiong A A,et al.Effect of ecological floating bed on benthos community structure in a mariculture pond[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2014,35(1):22-27(in Chinese).
[23]Deng Y,Luo Y L,Wang Y G,et al.Effect of different drying methods on the myosin structure,amino acid composition,protein digestibility and volatile profile of squid fillets[J].Food Chemistry,2015,171:168-176.
[24]Lemahieu C,Bruneel C,Ryckebosch E,et al.Impact of different omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(n-3 PUFA)sources(flaxseed,Isochrysis galbana,fish oil and DHAGold)on n-3 LC-PUFA enrichment(efficiency)in the egg yolk[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2015,19:821-827.
[25]Siriwardhana N,Kalupahana N S,Moustaid-Moussa N.Health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids:Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid[J].Advance in Food and Nutrition Research,2012,65:211-222.
[26]高露姣,黄艳青,夏连军,等.不同养殖模式下红鳍东方鲀的品质比较[J].水产学报,2011,35(11):1668-1676.Gao L J,Huang Y Q,Xia L J,et al.Comparison of flesh quality of farmed fugu,Takifugu rubripes from different culture models[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(11):1668-1676(in Chinese).
[27]李爽,谢从新,何绪刚,等.水蕹菜浮床对草鱼主养池塘轮虫群落结构的影响[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(1):43-50.Li S,Xie C X,He X G,et al.Effect of Ipomoea aquatica floating-bed on the rotifercommunity structure in grass carp pond[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2014,38(1):43-50(in Chinese).
[28]李晓莉,陶玲,张世羊,等.陶粒浮床对草鱼养殖池塘水质和浮游植物的影响[J].水生生物学报,2015,39(3):507-516.Li X L,Tao L,Zhang S Y,et al.The effects of a new ceramsite ecological floating bed on thewater quality and phytoplankton in grass carp culture ponds[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2015,39(3):507-516(in Chinese).
[29]Carvalho S,Barata M,Pereira F,et al.Distribution patterns of macrobenthic species in relation to organic enrichment within aquaculture earthen ponds[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2006,52(12):1573-1584.
[30]王胜男,陈卫.浅析淡水浮游动物的种类组成及其生态功能作用[J].生物学通报,2012,47(10):10-13.Wang S N,Chen W.Research on species composition and ecological functions of zooplanktons in fresh water[J].Bulletin of Biology,2012,47(10):10-13(in Chinese).