盐度对水培海马齿生长和生理生化因子的影响
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摘要
通过水培实验模拟生态浮床,研究海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)在不同盐度条件下的生长及生理生化响应特征,探讨海马齿盐度适应性和海马齿生态浮床修复技术推广的适宜盐度范围.结果表明:在中、低盐度(0~20)条件下,海马齿生长几乎不受影响,而在高盐度(25~35)水体中,其生长受到明显胁迫,其中最高盐度(35)处理组中部分海马齿茎节出现腐烂溃败的现象,苗种成活率下降;新根数为低盐度(0~10)处理组>中盐度(15和20)处理组>高盐度(25~35)处理组,且高盐度处理组新根呈现粗、短特征;培养40d后,海马齿植株鲜质量、干质量、相对生长量、水分含量、根系活力和根质量随盐度升高均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,各指标最大值均落在盐度5~15范围内,其中根质量和根系活力的最大值均出现在盐度15处理组,表明适当的盐度可以促进水培海马齿的根系发育;除可溶性糖外,海马齿叶片中丙二醛和叶绿素含量受盐度变化的影响较小,不同盐度组间无显著差异(p>0.05),暗示海马齿可利用渗透压调节机制抵抗环境盐胁迫,以保证细胞内其他生理生化指标维持较稳定的状态.综合比较可初步确定海马齿的适宜生长盐度范围为0~15.
Using hydroponics to mimic ecological floating bed,the growth,physiological and biochemical responses of hydroponic Sesuvium portulacastrum under different salinity conditions were studied,to explore its salinity adaptability and suitable salinity range for promotion of the ecological floating bed remediation technology.Results showed that S.portulacastrumcould grow fast and healthy at medium and low salinity(0-20),but the growth was significantly restricted at high salinity(25-30).In the highest salinity(35)treatment group,some stems rotted and collapsed,and the survival rate of plant decreased obviously.New root number in different treatment groups showed as follows:low salinity(0-10)treatment group>medium salinity(15-20)treatment group>high salinity(25-35)treatment group,and roots in high salinity treatment group were thicker and shorter.The fresh mass,dry mass,relative growth yield,water content,root activity and root mass of S.portulacastrum increased first and then decreased with the increase of salinity after 40 dhydroponic cultivation,and the maximum value of each index fell within salinity range from 5 to 15.The salinity 15 group showed the maximum values of root activity and root mass,which indicated that appropriate salinity could promote root development of S.portulacastrum.Except for soluble sugar,the content of malondialdehyde and chlorophyll in leaves of S.portulacastrum were not significantly affected by salinity(p>0.05),suggesting that osmotic regulation ability could be used by S.portulacastrumfor salt tolerance,so that to maintain a relatively stable state of other physiological and biochemical indicators in cell.Comprehensive comparison suggests the optimum salinity for growth of S.portulacastrumis from 0 to 15.
Using hydroponics to mimic ecological floating bed,the growth,physiological and biochemical responses of hydroponic Sesuvium portulacastrum under different salinity conditions were studied,to explore its salinity adaptability and suitable salinity range for promotion of the ecological floating bed remediation technology.Results showed that S.portulacastrumcould grow fast and healthy at medium and low salinity(0-20),but the growth was significantly restricted at high salinity(25-30).In the highest salinity(35)treatment group,some stems rotted and collapsed,and the survival rate of plant decreased obviously.New root number in different treatment groups showed as follows:low salinity(0-10)treatment group>medium salinity(15-20)treatment group>high salinity(25-35)treatment group,and roots in high salinity treatment group were thicker and shorter.The fresh mass,dry mass,relative growth yield,water content,root activity and root mass of S.portulacastrum increased first and then decreased with the increase of salinity after 40 dhydroponic cultivation,and the maximum value of each index fell within salinity range from 5 to 15.The salinity 15 group showed the maximum values of root activity and root mass,which indicated that appropriate salinity could promote root development of S.portulacastrum.Except for soluble sugar,the content of malondialdehyde and chlorophyll in leaves of S.portulacastrum were not significantly affected by salinity(p>0.05),suggesting that osmotic regulation ability could be used by S.portulacastrumfor salt tolerance,so that to maintain a relatively stable state of other physiological and biochemical indicators in cell.Comprehensive comparison suggests the optimum salinity for growth of S.portulacastrumis from 0 to 15.
引文
[1]唐昌林.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:30-32.
[2]窦碧霞,黄建荣,李连春,等.海马齿对海水养殖系统中氮、磷的移除效果研究[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(5):94-99.
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[5]范伟,李文静,付桂,等.一种兼具研究与应用开发价值的盐生植物:海马齿[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2010,18(6):689-695.
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[7]陈荷生,宋祥甫,邹国燕.利用生态浮床技术治理污染水体[J].中国水利,2005(5):50-53.
[8]李先宁,宋海亮,朱光灿,等.组合型生态浮床的动态水质净化特性[J].环境科学,2007,28(11):2448-2452.
[9]李伟,李先宁,曹大伟,等.组合生态浮床技术对富营养化水源水质的改善效果[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(3):34-38.
[10] HU G J,MIN Z,HOU H B,et al.An ecological floating-bed made from dredged lake sludge for purification of eutrophic water[J].Ecological Engineering,2010,36(10):1448-1458.
[11] LI X N,SONG H L,WEI L L,et al.An integrated ecological floating-bed employing plant,freshwater clam and biofilm carrier for purification of eutrophic water[J].Ecological Engineering,2010,36(4):382-390.
[12] MARTINEZ M L,VALVERDE T,MORENOCASASOLA P.Germination response to temperature,salinity,light and depth of sowing of ten tropical dune species[J].Oecologia,1992,92(3):343-353.
[13] HASEGAWA P M,BRESSAN R,ZHU J K,et al.Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2000,51(51):463-499.
[14]李瑞梅,周广奇,符少萍,等.盐胁迫下海马齿叶片结构变化[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(2):287-292.
[15] LOKHANDE V H,NIKAM T D,PATADE V Y,et al.Effects of optimal and supra-optimal salinity stress on antioxidative defence,osmolytes and in vitro growth responses in Sesuvium portulacastrum L.[J].Plant Cell,2011,104(1):41-49.
[16] WANG D,WANG H,HAN B,et al.Sodium instead of potassium and chloride is an important macronutrient to improve leaf succulence and shoot development for halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2012,51(2):53.
[17]杨成龙,段瑞军,李瑞梅,等.盐生植物海马齿耐盐的生理特性[J].生态学报,2010,30(17):4617-4627.
[18] HOAGLAND D R,ARNON D I.The water-culture method for growing plants without soil[J].California Agricultural Experimental Station Circular,1950,347(5406):357-359.
[19]郑炳松.现代植物生理生化研究技术[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:40-92.
[20]郑坚,陈秋夏,金川,等.不同TTC法测定枫香等阔叶树容器苗根系活力探讨[J].浙江农业科学,2008,1(1):39-42.
[21]邱念伟,马宗琪,王凤德,等.一种测定植物相对生长量的方法[J].山东科学,2007,20(2):24-28.
[22] MESSEDI D,LABIDI N,GRIGNON C,et al.Limits imposed by salt to the growth of the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2005,167(6):720-725.
[23] MESSEDI D,SLAMA I,LAABIDI N,et al.Effect of nitrogen deficiency,salinity and drought on proline metabolism in Sesuvium portulacastrum[M]∥ZTRK M,WAISEL Y,KHAN M A,et al.Biosaline agriculture and salinity tolerance in plants.Berlin:Springer,2006:65-72.
[24] MESSEDI D,SLEIMI N,ABDELLY C.Some physiological and biochemical aspects of salt tolerance of Sesuvium portulacastrum[M]∥LIETH H,MOCHTCHENKO M.Cash crop halophytes:recent studies.Dordrecht:Springer,2003:71-77.
[25]张艳琳,范伟,蔡元保,等.海马齿对不同比例淡海水组培的生长和生理响应[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(6):1240-1245.
[26]钱大文,周鸿凯,江大可,等.NaCl胁迫下海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum L.)植株内游离脯氨酸的合成积累途径[J].中国野生植物资源,2013,32(3):35-39.
[27]王爱国,邵从本,罗广华.丙二醛作为植物脂质过氧化指标的探讨[J].植物生理学报,1986(2):57-59.
[28]肖雯,贾恢先.几种盐生植物抗盐生理指标的研究[J].西北植物学报,2000,20(5):818-825.
[29] FLOWERS T J,TROKE P F,YEO A R.The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1977,28(28):89-121.
[30]陈景明,冯永丰,李裕红,等.盐胁迫对海马齿根系活力及总抗氧化能力的影响[J].泉州师范学院学报,2016,34(2):10-13.
[2]窦碧霞,黄建荣,李连春,等.海马齿对海水养殖系统中氮、磷的移除效果研究[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(5):94-99.
[3]林栖凤.耐盐植物研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:34-35.
[4]曾碧健,窦碧霞,黎祖福,等.海洋盐生植物海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)对环境盐度胁迫的耐受性及营养价值综合评价[J].海洋与湖沼,2017,48(3):568-575.
[5]范伟,李文静,付桂,等.一种兼具研究与应用开发价值的盐生植物:海马齿[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2010,18(6):689-695.
[6] LOKHANDE V H,NIKAM T D,SUPRASANNA P.Sesuvium portulacastrum(L.)apromising halophyte:cultivation,utilization and distribution in India[J].Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,2009,56(5):741-747.
[7]陈荷生,宋祥甫,邹国燕.利用生态浮床技术治理污染水体[J].中国水利,2005(5):50-53.
[8]李先宁,宋海亮,朱光灿,等.组合型生态浮床的动态水质净化特性[J].环境科学,2007,28(11):2448-2452.
[9]李伟,李先宁,曹大伟,等.组合生态浮床技术对富营养化水源水质的改善效果[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(3):34-38.
[10] HU G J,MIN Z,HOU H B,et al.An ecological floating-bed made from dredged lake sludge for purification of eutrophic water[J].Ecological Engineering,2010,36(10):1448-1458.
[11] LI X N,SONG H L,WEI L L,et al.An integrated ecological floating-bed employing plant,freshwater clam and biofilm carrier for purification of eutrophic water[J].Ecological Engineering,2010,36(4):382-390.
[12] MARTINEZ M L,VALVERDE T,MORENOCASASOLA P.Germination response to temperature,salinity,light and depth of sowing of ten tropical dune species[J].Oecologia,1992,92(3):343-353.
[13] HASEGAWA P M,BRESSAN R,ZHU J K,et al.Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2000,51(51):463-499.
[14]李瑞梅,周广奇,符少萍,等.盐胁迫下海马齿叶片结构变化[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(2):287-292.
[15] LOKHANDE V H,NIKAM T D,PATADE V Y,et al.Effects of optimal and supra-optimal salinity stress on antioxidative defence,osmolytes and in vitro growth responses in Sesuvium portulacastrum L.[J].Plant Cell,2011,104(1):41-49.
[16] WANG D,WANG H,HAN B,et al.Sodium instead of potassium and chloride is an important macronutrient to improve leaf succulence and shoot development for halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2012,51(2):53.
[17]杨成龙,段瑞军,李瑞梅,等.盐生植物海马齿耐盐的生理特性[J].生态学报,2010,30(17):4617-4627.
[18] HOAGLAND D R,ARNON D I.The water-culture method for growing plants without soil[J].California Agricultural Experimental Station Circular,1950,347(5406):357-359.
[19]郑炳松.现代植物生理生化研究技术[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:40-92.
[20]郑坚,陈秋夏,金川,等.不同TTC法测定枫香等阔叶树容器苗根系活力探讨[J].浙江农业科学,2008,1(1):39-42.
[21]邱念伟,马宗琪,王凤德,等.一种测定植物相对生长量的方法[J].山东科学,2007,20(2):24-28.
[22] MESSEDI D,LABIDI N,GRIGNON C,et al.Limits imposed by salt to the growth of the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2005,167(6):720-725.
[23] MESSEDI D,SLAMA I,LAABIDI N,et al.Effect of nitrogen deficiency,salinity and drought on proline metabolism in Sesuvium portulacastrum[M]∥ZTRK M,WAISEL Y,KHAN M A,et al.Biosaline agriculture and salinity tolerance in plants.Berlin:Springer,2006:65-72.
[24] MESSEDI D,SLEIMI N,ABDELLY C.Some physiological and biochemical aspects of salt tolerance of Sesuvium portulacastrum[M]∥LIETH H,MOCHTCHENKO M.Cash crop halophytes:recent studies.Dordrecht:Springer,2003:71-77.
[25]张艳琳,范伟,蔡元保,等.海马齿对不同比例淡海水组培的生长和生理响应[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(6):1240-1245.
[26]钱大文,周鸿凯,江大可,等.NaCl胁迫下海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum L.)植株内游离脯氨酸的合成积累途径[J].中国野生植物资源,2013,32(3):35-39.
[27]王爱国,邵从本,罗广华.丙二醛作为植物脂质过氧化指标的探讨[J].植物生理学报,1986(2):57-59.
[28]肖雯,贾恢先.几种盐生植物抗盐生理指标的研究[J].西北植物学报,2000,20(5):818-825.
[29] FLOWERS T J,TROKE P F,YEO A R.The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1977,28(28):89-121.
[30]陈景明,冯永丰,李裕红,等.盐胁迫对海马齿根系活力及总抗氧化能力的影响[J].泉州师范学院学报,2016,34(2):10-13.