基于DEA模型的现代农业发展效率评价——以内蒙古磴口县为例
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摘要
发展现代农业对于促进我国农牧交错区经济发展与生态环境安全具有重要意义。选择内蒙古磴口县,利用数据包络分析方法(DEA),从经济效率、社会效率、生态效率3个方面评价我国农牧交错区现代农业发展效率及其影响因素。研究表明:2005—2014年磴口县现代农业发展整体效率平均值为0.851,体现为无效率,纯技术效率与规模效率均有提升空间;在现代农业发展的经济、社会、生态3种效率中,社会效率相对最低,对整体无效影响较大,生态效率相对最高,经济效率、生态效率变动基本与整体效率变动相同;影响现代农业发展效率的主要原因是,经济效率损失体现为投入冗余,劳均耕地面积与农牧业机械总动力投入过多,受规模变动的影响使社会效率整体偏低,生态效率逐渐提高主要依赖于生态保护和环境治理力度的不断加强;提高现代农业发展效率需要合理确定投入要素规模,调整财政支农惠农政策,加大农业保险力度,重视生态效益和绿色发展,提升农业生态系统稳定性和生态服务功能。
The development of modern agriculture is of great significance to promote the economic development and eco-environmental security in the farming-pastoral transitional zone.We took Dengkou County of Inner Mongolia as the sample,and measured the modern agriculture development efficiency and influencing factors in farming-pastoral transitional zone by using DEA-TOBIT model from the three aspects of economic efficiency,social efficiency and ecological efficiency.The conclusion was drawn as follows.The average efficiency of modern agriculture development of Dengkou County in 2005—2014 was 0.851,reflecting inefficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency had potential for improvement;among the three economic,social and ecological efficiencies of modern agricultural development,the social efficiency was the lowest,which had great impact on the overall inefficiency and had sufficient room to elevate;the main factors influencing the efficiency of modern agricultural development were that the loss of economic efficiency reflected in input redundancy,labor-intensive arable land and too much investment in total power of agriculture and animal husbandry machinery;the overall social efficiency was mainly affected by the scale change sand ecological efficiency gradually improving depends mostly on the gradual enhancement of ecological protection and environmental management;to improve the development efficiency of modern agriculture needs to reasonably determine the scale of input factors,improve labor productivity,promote the integration of urban and rural development,adjust the financial policy for supporting agriculture and increase the intensity of agricultural insurance,pay attention to ecological benefits and green development,and enhance the stability of agro ecosystem and the function of ecological service.
The development of modern agriculture is of great significance to promote the economic development and eco-environmental security in the farming-pastoral transitional zone.We took Dengkou County of Inner Mongolia as the sample,and measured the modern agriculture development efficiency and influencing factors in farming-pastoral transitional zone by using DEA-TOBIT model from the three aspects of economic efficiency,social efficiency and ecological efficiency.The conclusion was drawn as follows.The average efficiency of modern agriculture development of Dengkou County in 2005—2014 was 0.851,reflecting inefficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency had potential for improvement;among the three economic,social and ecological efficiencies of modern agricultural development,the social efficiency was the lowest,which had great impact on the overall inefficiency and had sufficient room to elevate;the main factors influencing the efficiency of modern agricultural development were that the loss of economic efficiency reflected in input redundancy,labor-intensive arable land and too much investment in total power of agriculture and animal husbandry machinery;the overall social efficiency was mainly affected by the scale change sand ecological efficiency gradually improving depends mostly on the gradual enhancement of ecological protection and environmental management;to improve the development efficiency of modern agriculture needs to reasonably determine the scale of input factors,improve labor productivity,promote the integration of urban and rural development,adjust the financial policy for supporting agriculture and increase the intensity of agricultural insurance,pay attention to ecological benefits and green development,and enhance the stability of agro ecosystem and the function of ecological service.
引文
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[9]马力阳,李同昇,李婷,等.我国北方农牧交错带县域乡村性空间分异及其发展类型[J].经济地理,2015,35(9):126-133.
[10] Charnes A,Cooper W W,Rhodes E L.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2(6):429-444.
[11] Kirjavainen T,Loikkanent H A.Efficiency differences of finnish senior secondary schools:An application of DEA and Tobit analysis[C]∥Innovation in Technology ManagementThe Key to Global Leadership,PICMET 97:Portland International Conference on Management and Technology,IEEE,2002.
[12] Tobin J.Estimation of relationships for limited dependent variables[J].Econometrica,1958,26(1):24-36.
[13] Delphi method[EB/OL].http:∥en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi-method,2011-04-11.
[14]李长青,苏美玲,杨新吉勒图.内蒙古碳汇资源估算与碳汇产业发展潜力分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(5):162-168.
[15]王修兰.二氧化碳、气候变化与农业[M].北京:气象出版社,1996.
[2]赵辉,方天堃.吉林省现代农业发展效率综合评价:基于1978—2009年的分析[J].农业经济,2014(8):9-11.
[3]曾福生,高鸣.我国各省区现代农业发展效率的比较分析:基于超效率DEA及malmquist模型的实证分析[J].农业经济与管理,2012(4):38-44.
[4]李卫芳,陈建成.基于DEA的北京都市型现代农业效率评价[J].技术经济,2012,31(2):51-55,79.
[5]熊鹰,郭耀辉,景晓卫,等.四川省重点生态功能区有机农业生产效率研究:基于三阶段DEA模型的实证分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(10):162-170.
[6]刘子飞、王昌海.有机农业生产效率的三阶段DEA分析:以陕西洋县为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(7):105-112.
[7]贺志亮,刘成玉.我国农业生产效率及效率影响因素研究:基于三阶段DEA模型的实证分析[J].农村经济,2015(6):48-51.
[8]郭碧云,张正峰.农牧交错区土地利用重心迁移研究:以河北省沽源县为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(4):217-221.
[9]马力阳,李同昇,李婷,等.我国北方农牧交错带县域乡村性空间分异及其发展类型[J].经济地理,2015,35(9):126-133.
[10] Charnes A,Cooper W W,Rhodes E L.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2(6):429-444.
[11] Kirjavainen T,Loikkanent H A.Efficiency differences of finnish senior secondary schools:An application of DEA and Tobit analysis[C]∥Innovation in Technology ManagementThe Key to Global Leadership,PICMET 97:Portland International Conference on Management and Technology,IEEE,2002.
[12] Tobin J.Estimation of relationships for limited dependent variables[J].Econometrica,1958,26(1):24-36.
[13] Delphi method[EB/OL].http:∥en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi-method,2011-04-11.
[14]李长青,苏美玲,杨新吉勒图.内蒙古碳汇资源估算与碳汇产业发展潜力分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(5):162-168.
[15]王修兰.二氧化碳、气候变化与农业[M].北京:气象出版社,1996.