水文连通对湿地生态系统关键过程及功能影响研究进展
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摘要
水文连通是湿地生态过程的主要非生物驱动因子,湿地生态系统中水文连通对于湿地稳定性自维持极为重要。湿地生态系统关键生态过程及功能对水文连通受损的响应机制是目前国内外湿地研究的热点与难点问题,综述了目前国内外该科学问题的相关进展。湿地生态系统水文连通具有尺度特征,从群落—生态系统、从局地到区域,其主导影响因素不同。水文连通被阻断,会导致沉积过程改变,进而改变湿地微地貌特征;水文连通可以通过改变生物生境进而影响生物定殖、扩繁及湿地的生物多样性功能,生物觅食与繁殖更趋向选择连通较好的湿地斑块,水文连通的丧失将导致全球生物多样性的降低;完整的水文连通能够促进能量和营养物质的循环,水文连通与生物地球化学连通的耦合,是驱动湿地生态系统能量与物质流转和功能发挥的主要营力。未来关于湿地水文连通与生态系统稳定性研究应着重关注构建湿地水文连通评估方法、水文连通与湿地关键生物地球化学过程的耦合机制、多重胁迫下水文连通与湿地生态系统稳定性作用机制和基于水文连通调控的湿地恢复与保育技术等方面的研究。
Hydrological connectivity, as the main abiotic factor that governing ecological processes and functions of the wetlands, is critical to wetland stability and self-sustaining. How wetlands responding to impaired hydrological connectivity has received increasing attention recently, and it is necessary to make comprehensive review on this item so as to put forward the future research hotspot. This review summarizes recent works on impacts and feedbacks between hydrological connectivity and key ecological processes and functions in the wetlands. Affecting factors of hydrological connectivity in the wetlands are scale-depended in temporal and spatial, and differs greatly from communities to ecosystems or from local to regions. Impaired hydrological connectivity would change sedimentation in the wetlands and then alter micro-geomorphologic features.Hydrological connectivity change exerts influences on colonization, expansion of biota and biodiversity by changing biota habitats. Impaired hydrological connectivity could reduce biodiversity because biota trend to reside in patches with better hydrological connectivity for foraging and breed. Intact hydrological connectivity could promote energy and nutrients circulation. Combination of hydrological and biogeochemical connectivity is main drivers regulating matter circulation and function maintaining. In the future, more attentions should be paid on establishing methods for quantifying hydrological connectivity, deciphering combined mechanisms between hydrological connectivity and key biogeochemical circulation, revealing feedbacks between hydrological connectivity and ecosystem stability in wetlands suffering multiple stresses, and developing ecological restoration technologies for degraded wetlands based on hydrological connectivity regulation.
Hydrological connectivity, as the main abiotic factor that governing ecological processes and functions of the wetlands, is critical to wetland stability and self-sustaining. How wetlands responding to impaired hydrological connectivity has received increasing attention recently, and it is necessary to make comprehensive review on this item so as to put forward the future research hotspot. This review summarizes recent works on impacts and feedbacks between hydrological connectivity and key ecological processes and functions in the wetlands. Affecting factors of hydrological connectivity in the wetlands are scale-depended in temporal and spatial, and differs greatly from communities to ecosystems or from local to regions. Impaired hydrological connectivity would change sedimentation in the wetlands and then alter micro-geomorphologic features.Hydrological connectivity change exerts influences on colonization, expansion of biota and biodiversity by changing biota habitats. Impaired hydrological connectivity could reduce biodiversity because biota trend to reside in patches with better hydrological connectivity for foraging and breed. Intact hydrological connectivity could promote energy and nutrients circulation. Combination of hydrological and biogeochemical connectivity is main drivers regulating matter circulation and function maintaining. In the future, more attentions should be paid on establishing methods for quantifying hydrological connectivity, deciphering combined mechanisms between hydrological connectivity and key biogeochemical circulation, revealing feedbacks between hydrological connectivity and ecosystem stability in wetlands suffering multiple stresses, and developing ecological restoration technologies for degraded wetlands based on hydrological connectivity regulation.
引文
[1]Wang C,Zhao H,Wang G.Vegetation development and water level changes in Shenjiadian peatland in Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2015,2525(4):451-461.
[2]吕宪国,刘晓辉.中国湿地研究进展--献给中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所建所50周年[J].地理科学,2008,2828(3):301-308.
[3]Trigg M A,Michaelides K,Neal J C,et al.Surface water connectivity dynamics of a large scale extreme flood[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,505505(8):138-149.
[4]Rooijen N M V,Keersmaecker W D,Ozinga W A,et al.Plant species diversity mediates ecosystem stability of natural dune grasslands in response to drought[J].Ecosystems,2015,1818(8):1383-1394.
[5]Saunders D L,Kalff J.Nitrogen retention in wetlands,lakes and rivers[J].Hydrobiologia,2001,44343(1-3):205-212.
[6]宋长春,张金波,张丽华.氮素输入影响下淡水湿地碳过程变化[J].地球科学进展,2005,2020(11):1249-1255.
[7]Cohen M J,Creed I F,Alexander L,et al.Do geographically isolated wetlands influence landscape functions?[J]Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2016,1133(8):1978.
[8]崔保山,蔡燕子,谢湉,等.湿地水文连通的生态效应研究进展及发展趋势[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016,5252(6):738-746.
[9]Yuan J,Cohen M J,Kaplan D A,et al.Linking metrics of landscape pattern to hydrological process in a lotic wetland[J].Landscape Ecology,2015,3030(10):1893-1912.
[10]崔桢,沈红,章光新.3个时期莫莫格国家级自然保护区景观格局和湿地水文连通性变化及其驱动因素分析[J].湿地科学,2016,1414(6):866-873.
[11]章光新,张蕾,侯光雷,等.吉林省西部河湖水系连通若干关键问题探讨[J].湿地科学,2017,1515(5):641-650.
[12]Naiman R J,Decamps H,Pollock M.The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity[J].Ecological Applications,1993,33(2):209-212.
[13]Isbell F,Craven D,Connolly J,et al.Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes[J].Nature,2015,526526(7574):574.
[14]Obolewski K.Macrozoobenthos patterns along environmental gradients and hydrological connectivity of oxbow lakes[J].Ecological Engineering,2011,3737(5):796-805.
[15]Paillex A,Dolédec S,Castella E,et al.Large river floodplain restoration:Predicting species richness and trait responses to the restoration of hydrological connectivity[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,4646(1):250-258.
[16]宫宁,牛振国,齐伟,等.中国湿地变化的驱动力分析[J].遥感学报,2016,2020(2):172-183.
[17]Pringle C.What is hydrologic connectivity and why is it ecologically important?[J]Hydrological Processes,2010,1717(13):2685-2689.
[18]Bracken L J,Wainwright J,Ali G A,et al.Concepts of hydrological connectivity:Research approaches,pathways and future agendas[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2013,11919:17-34.
[19]Cabezasá,González E,Gallardo B,et al.Effects of hydrological connectivity on the substrate and understory structure of riparian wetlands in the middle ebro river(ne spain):Implications for restoration and management[J].Aquatic Sciences,2008,70(4):361-376.
[20]Cohen M J,Creed I F,Alexander L,et al.Do geographically isolated wetlands influence landscape functions?[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2016,11313(8):1978-1986.
[21]Karim F,Kinsey-Henderson A,Wallace J,et al.Modelling wetland connectivity during overbank flooding in a tropical floodplain in north queensland,Australia[J].Hydrological Processes,2012,2626(18):2710-2723.
[22]William S K,Sergio F.Salt marsh vegetation promotes efficient tidal channel networks[J].Nature Communications,2016,77:12287.
[23]Loreau M,de Mazancourt C.Biodiversity and ecosystem stability:A synthesis of underlying mechanisms[J].Ecology Letters,2013,1616(s1):106-115.
[24]Zurlini G,Li B L,Zaccarelli N,et al.Spectral entropy,ecological resilience,and adaptive capacity for understanding,evaluating,and managing ecosystem stability and change[J].Global Change Biology,2015,2121(4):1377.
[25]Bracken L J,Jacky C.The concept of hydrological connectivity and its contribution to understanding runoff-dominated geomorphic systems[J].Hydrological Processes,2010,21(13):1749-1763.
[26]孙贤斌,刘红玉.土地利用变化对湿地景观连通性的影响及连通性优化效应--以江苏盐城海滨湿地为例[J].自然资源学报,2010,2525(6):892-903.
[27]刘康,闫家国,邹雨璇,等.黄河三角洲盐地碱蓬盐沼的时空分布动态[J].湿地科学,2015,1313(6):696-701.
[28]骆梦,王青,邱冬冬,等.黄河三角洲典型潮沟系统水文连通特征及其生态效应[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2018,54(1):17-24.
[29]Jackson C R,Pringle C M.Ecological benefits of reduced hydrologic connectivity in intensively developed landscapes[J].Bioscience,2010,6060(1):37-46.
[30]Larsen L G,Choi J,Nungesser M K,et al.Directional connectivity in hydrology and ecology[J].Ecological Applications,2012,2222(8):2204-2220.
[31]Fullerton A H,Burnett K M,Steel E A,et al.Hydrological connectivity for riverine fish:Measurement challenges and research opportunities[J].Freshwater Biology,2010,5555(11):2215-2237.
[32]Zilli F L,Marchese M R.Patterns in macroinvertebrate assemblages at different spatial scales:Implications of hydrological connectivity in a large floodplain river[J].Hydrobiologia,2011,663663(1):245-257.
[33]Nilsson C,Gardfjell M,Grelsson G.Importance of hydrochory in structuring syntaxa along rivers[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,2011,6969(12):2631-2633.
[34]Nilsson C,Brown R L,Jansson R,et al.The role of hydrochory in structuring riparian and wetland vegetation[J].Biological Reviews,2010,855(4):837-858.
[35]Shafroth P B,Stromberg J C,Patten D T.Riparian vegetation response to altered disturbance and stress regimes[J].Ecological Applications,2002,1212(1):107-123.
[36]Mazancourt C D,Isbell F,Larocque A,et al.Predicting ecosystem stability from community composition and biodiversity[J].Ecology Letters,2013,166(5):617-625.
[37]Merenlender M A,Matella M K.Maintaining and restoring hydrologic habitat connectivity in;mediterranean streams:An integrated modeling framework[J].Hydrobiologia,2013,719719(1):509-525.
[38]Neeson T M,Wiley M J,Adlerstein S A,et al.River network structure shapes interannual feedbacks between adult sea lamprey migration and larval habitation[J].Ecological Modelling,2011,222222(17):3181-3192.
[39]王波.若尔盖自然保护区高原林蛙(Rana kukunoris)扩散模型与景观连接分析[D].成都:中国科学院成都生物研究所,2007.
[40]Carrara F,Altermatt F,Rodriguez-Iturbe I,et al.Dendritic connectivity controls biodiversity patterns in experimental metacommunities[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,10909(15):5761-5766.
[41]Covino T.Hydrologic connectivity as a framework for understanding biogeochemical flux through watersheds and along fluvial networks[J].Geomorphology,2017,277277:133-144.
[42]Boys C A,Kroon F J,Glasby T M,et al.Improved fish and crustacean passage in tidal creeks following floodgate remediation[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,4949(1):223-233.
[43]Keller D,Holderegger R,Strien M J V.Spatial scale affects landscape genetic analysis of a wetland grasshopper[J].Molecular Ecology,2013,2222(9):2467-2482.
[44]Means M M,Ahn C,Korol A R,et al.Carbon storage potential by four macrophytes as affected by planting diversity in a created wetland[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,165165:133-139.
[45]Ameli A A,Creed I F.Quantifying hydrologic connectivity of wetlands to surface water systems[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2017,2121(3):1791-1808.
[46]Racchetti E,Bartoli M,Soana E,et al.Influence of hydrological connectivity of riverine wetlands on nitrogen removal via denitrification[J].Biogeochemistry,2011,103103(1-3):335-354.
[47]金泰龙.三江平原沼泽生态环境的化学特征[J].生态学报,1987,77(4):3-10.
[48]郗敏,吕宪国,姜明.人工沟渠对流域水文格局的影响研究[J].湿地科学,2005,33(4):310-314.
[49]Elser J J,Fagan W F,Denno R F,et al.Nutritional constraints in terrestrial and freshwater food webs[J].Nature,2000,408(6812):578-580.
[2]吕宪国,刘晓辉.中国湿地研究进展--献给中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所建所50周年[J].地理科学,2008,2828(3):301-308.
[3]Trigg M A,Michaelides K,Neal J C,et al.Surface water connectivity dynamics of a large scale extreme flood[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,505505(8):138-149.
[4]Rooijen N M V,Keersmaecker W D,Ozinga W A,et al.Plant species diversity mediates ecosystem stability of natural dune grasslands in response to drought[J].Ecosystems,2015,1818(8):1383-1394.
[5]Saunders D L,Kalff J.Nitrogen retention in wetlands,lakes and rivers[J].Hydrobiologia,2001,44343(1-3):205-212.
[6]宋长春,张金波,张丽华.氮素输入影响下淡水湿地碳过程变化[J].地球科学进展,2005,2020(11):1249-1255.
[7]Cohen M J,Creed I F,Alexander L,et al.Do geographically isolated wetlands influence landscape functions?[J]Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2016,1133(8):1978.
[8]崔保山,蔡燕子,谢湉,等.湿地水文连通的生态效应研究进展及发展趋势[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016,5252(6):738-746.
[9]Yuan J,Cohen M J,Kaplan D A,et al.Linking metrics of landscape pattern to hydrological process in a lotic wetland[J].Landscape Ecology,2015,3030(10):1893-1912.
[10]崔桢,沈红,章光新.3个时期莫莫格国家级自然保护区景观格局和湿地水文连通性变化及其驱动因素分析[J].湿地科学,2016,1414(6):866-873.
[11]章光新,张蕾,侯光雷,等.吉林省西部河湖水系连通若干关键问题探讨[J].湿地科学,2017,1515(5):641-650.
[12]Naiman R J,Decamps H,Pollock M.The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity[J].Ecological Applications,1993,33(2):209-212.
[13]Isbell F,Craven D,Connolly J,et al.Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes[J].Nature,2015,526526(7574):574.
[14]Obolewski K.Macrozoobenthos patterns along environmental gradients and hydrological connectivity of oxbow lakes[J].Ecological Engineering,2011,3737(5):796-805.
[15]Paillex A,Dolédec S,Castella E,et al.Large river floodplain restoration:Predicting species richness and trait responses to the restoration of hydrological connectivity[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,4646(1):250-258.
[16]宫宁,牛振国,齐伟,等.中国湿地变化的驱动力分析[J].遥感学报,2016,2020(2):172-183.
[17]Pringle C.What is hydrologic connectivity and why is it ecologically important?[J]Hydrological Processes,2010,1717(13):2685-2689.
[18]Bracken L J,Wainwright J,Ali G A,et al.Concepts of hydrological connectivity:Research approaches,pathways and future agendas[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2013,11919:17-34.
[19]Cabezasá,González E,Gallardo B,et al.Effects of hydrological connectivity on the substrate and understory structure of riparian wetlands in the middle ebro river(ne spain):Implications for restoration and management[J].Aquatic Sciences,2008,70(4):361-376.
[20]Cohen M J,Creed I F,Alexander L,et al.Do geographically isolated wetlands influence landscape functions?[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2016,11313(8):1978-1986.
[21]Karim F,Kinsey-Henderson A,Wallace J,et al.Modelling wetland connectivity during overbank flooding in a tropical floodplain in north queensland,Australia[J].Hydrological Processes,2012,2626(18):2710-2723.
[22]William S K,Sergio F.Salt marsh vegetation promotes efficient tidal channel networks[J].Nature Communications,2016,77:12287.
[23]Loreau M,de Mazancourt C.Biodiversity and ecosystem stability:A synthesis of underlying mechanisms[J].Ecology Letters,2013,1616(s1):106-115.
[24]Zurlini G,Li B L,Zaccarelli N,et al.Spectral entropy,ecological resilience,and adaptive capacity for understanding,evaluating,and managing ecosystem stability and change[J].Global Change Biology,2015,2121(4):1377.
[25]Bracken L J,Jacky C.The concept of hydrological connectivity and its contribution to understanding runoff-dominated geomorphic systems[J].Hydrological Processes,2010,21(13):1749-1763.
[26]孙贤斌,刘红玉.土地利用变化对湿地景观连通性的影响及连通性优化效应--以江苏盐城海滨湿地为例[J].自然资源学报,2010,2525(6):892-903.
[27]刘康,闫家国,邹雨璇,等.黄河三角洲盐地碱蓬盐沼的时空分布动态[J].湿地科学,2015,1313(6):696-701.
[28]骆梦,王青,邱冬冬,等.黄河三角洲典型潮沟系统水文连通特征及其生态效应[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2018,54(1):17-24.
[29]Jackson C R,Pringle C M.Ecological benefits of reduced hydrologic connectivity in intensively developed landscapes[J].Bioscience,2010,6060(1):37-46.
[30]Larsen L G,Choi J,Nungesser M K,et al.Directional connectivity in hydrology and ecology[J].Ecological Applications,2012,2222(8):2204-2220.
[31]Fullerton A H,Burnett K M,Steel E A,et al.Hydrological connectivity for riverine fish:Measurement challenges and research opportunities[J].Freshwater Biology,2010,5555(11):2215-2237.
[32]Zilli F L,Marchese M R.Patterns in macroinvertebrate assemblages at different spatial scales:Implications of hydrological connectivity in a large floodplain river[J].Hydrobiologia,2011,663663(1):245-257.
[33]Nilsson C,Gardfjell M,Grelsson G.Importance of hydrochory in structuring syntaxa along rivers[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,2011,6969(12):2631-2633.
[34]Nilsson C,Brown R L,Jansson R,et al.The role of hydrochory in structuring riparian and wetland vegetation[J].Biological Reviews,2010,855(4):837-858.
[35]Shafroth P B,Stromberg J C,Patten D T.Riparian vegetation response to altered disturbance and stress regimes[J].Ecological Applications,2002,1212(1):107-123.
[36]Mazancourt C D,Isbell F,Larocque A,et al.Predicting ecosystem stability from community composition and biodiversity[J].Ecology Letters,2013,166(5):617-625.
[37]Merenlender M A,Matella M K.Maintaining and restoring hydrologic habitat connectivity in;mediterranean streams:An integrated modeling framework[J].Hydrobiologia,2013,719719(1):509-525.
[38]Neeson T M,Wiley M J,Adlerstein S A,et al.River network structure shapes interannual feedbacks between adult sea lamprey migration and larval habitation[J].Ecological Modelling,2011,222222(17):3181-3192.
[39]王波.若尔盖自然保护区高原林蛙(Rana kukunoris)扩散模型与景观连接分析[D].成都:中国科学院成都生物研究所,2007.
[40]Carrara F,Altermatt F,Rodriguez-Iturbe I,et al.Dendritic connectivity controls biodiversity patterns in experimental metacommunities[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,10909(15):5761-5766.
[41]Covino T.Hydrologic connectivity as a framework for understanding biogeochemical flux through watersheds and along fluvial networks[J].Geomorphology,2017,277277:133-144.
[42]Boys C A,Kroon F J,Glasby T M,et al.Improved fish and crustacean passage in tidal creeks following floodgate remediation[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,4949(1):223-233.
[43]Keller D,Holderegger R,Strien M J V.Spatial scale affects landscape genetic analysis of a wetland grasshopper[J].Molecular Ecology,2013,2222(9):2467-2482.
[44]Means M M,Ahn C,Korol A R,et al.Carbon storage potential by four macrophytes as affected by planting diversity in a created wetland[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,165165:133-139.
[45]Ameli A A,Creed I F.Quantifying hydrologic connectivity of wetlands to surface water systems[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2017,2121(3):1791-1808.
[46]Racchetti E,Bartoli M,Soana E,et al.Influence of hydrological connectivity of riverine wetlands on nitrogen removal via denitrification[J].Biogeochemistry,2011,103103(1-3):335-354.
[47]金泰龙.三江平原沼泽生态环境的化学特征[J].生态学报,1987,77(4):3-10.
[48]郗敏,吕宪国,姜明.人工沟渠对流域水文格局的影响研究[J].湿地科学,2005,33(4):310-314.
[49]Elser J J,Fagan W F,Denno R F,et al.Nutritional constraints in terrestrial and freshwater food webs[J].Nature,2000,408(6812):578-580.