道路景观胁迫下沿海滩涂地区生态网络构建与优化——以盐城市大丰区为例
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摘要
在沿海滩涂地区经济社会快速发展背景下,道路景观的无序扩张加剧了生境破碎化,使生物流通等过程受阻、生态系统服务功能受损。基于道路建设胁迫设置多阻力情景模拟生态网络,有助于揭示路网对关键生态过程的影响,优化区域生态安全格局。本研究以盐城市大丰区为例,基于GIS、Conefor Sensinode等平台,构建了基于景观类型赋值、依据道路两侧缓冲区修正赋值、依据路网高密度区修正赋值的3种阻力面情景,模拟生态网络并对其结构与格局进行定量评价。结果表明:中心城区、港口区等道路高密度区面积占全域比为8.21%,区内生境面临更高的道路景观胁迫风险;路网胁迫下,廊道绿地组分减少7.40%,曲度均值提升12.82%,生物迁移能耗显著增加;生态网络中沿海湿地对其他源地的作用力最强,可为生物迁移提供天然通道。量化道路密度等重要敏感性因子对阻力面赋值、生态网络组分结构的影响,有助于理解关键生态过程格局变化及驱动机制,为区域生态安全格局构建提供支撑。
Under the background of rapid economic and social development,the disorderly expansion of road landscape has aggravated habitat fragmentation,hindered biological circulation and impaired ecosystem services in coastal beach areas. Simulation of ecological network based on multiple resistance scenarios considering road construction stress is helpful to revealing the impacts of road network on key ecological processes and optimizing regional ecological security pattern. In this study,Dafeng District of Yancheng City was taken as a case study area and analyses were processed based on GIS,Conefor Sensinode,and other software platforms. Three kinds of resistance scenarios were established,which were based on landscape type assignment,modified according to the buffer zone on both sides of the road,and modified according to the high density zone of the road network,respectively. Lastly,ecological networks were simulated and quantitative evaluation on the structure and spatial pattern were conducted. The results showed that the ratio of high density areas of roads was about 8.21%,including central urban area and port area,in which the habitats faced with higher risk of road landscape stress. Under the stress of road network,the area of green land composition of corridors decreased by 7. 40%,and the mean curvature increased by 12. 82%,which implied that energy consumption of biological migration was significantly increased. The coastal wetland exerted the strongest effects on the other ecological sources in the ecological network,which could provide natural passages for biological migration. Furthermore,it is of great benefit to quantify the impacts of important sensitive factors,e.g. road density,on resistance surface assignment and component structure of ecological network,which can not only help understand the change and underlying mechanism of key ecological processes,but also provide effective support for the construction of regional ecological security pattern.
Under the background of rapid economic and social development,the disorderly expansion of road landscape has aggravated habitat fragmentation,hindered biological circulation and impaired ecosystem services in coastal beach areas. Simulation of ecological network based on multiple resistance scenarios considering road construction stress is helpful to revealing the impacts of road network on key ecological processes and optimizing regional ecological security pattern. In this study,Dafeng District of Yancheng City was taken as a case study area and analyses were processed based on GIS,Conefor Sensinode,and other software platforms. Three kinds of resistance scenarios were established,which were based on landscape type assignment,modified according to the buffer zone on both sides of the road,and modified according to the high density zone of the road network,respectively. Lastly,ecological networks were simulated and quantitative evaluation on the structure and spatial pattern were conducted. The results showed that the ratio of high density areas of roads was about 8.21%,including central urban area and port area,in which the habitats faced with higher risk of road landscape stress. Under the stress of road network,the area of green land composition of corridors decreased by 7. 40%,and the mean curvature increased by 12. 82%,which implied that energy consumption of biological migration was significantly increased. The coastal wetland exerted the strongest effects on the other ecological sources in the ecological network,which could provide natural passages for biological migration. Furthermore,it is of great benefit to quantify the impacts of important sensitive factors,e.g. road density,on resistance surface assignment and component structure of ecological network,which can not only help understand the change and underlying mechanism of key ecological processes,but also provide effective support for the construction of regional ecological security pattern.
引文
蔡雪娇,吴志峰,程炯.2012.基于核密度估算的路网格局与景观破碎化分析.生态学杂志,31(1):158-164.
陈春娣,Colin MD,Maria IE,等.2015a.城市生态网络功能性连接辨识方法.生态学报,35(19):6414-6424.
陈春娣,吴胜军,Colin MD,等.2015b.阻力赋值对景观连接模拟的影响.生态学报,35(22):7367-7376.
陈春娣,贾振毅,吴胜军,等.2017.基于文献计量法的中国景观连接度应用研究进展.生态学报,37(10):3243-3255.
陈昕,彭建,刘焱序,等.2017.基于“重要性-敏感性-连通性”框架的云浮市生态安全格局构建.地理研究,36(3):471-484.
邓羽,蔡建明,杨振山,等.2012.北京城区交通时间可达性测度及其空间特征分析.地理学报,67(2):169-178.
傅强,顾朝林.2017.基于生态网络的生态安全格局评价.应用生态学报,28(3):1021-1029.
古璠,黄义雄,陈传明,等.2017.福建省自然保护区生态网络的构建与优化.应用生态学报,28(3):1013-1020.
贾振毅,陈春娣,童笑笑,等.2017.三峡沿库城镇生态网络构建与优化---以重庆开州新城为例.生态学杂志,36(3):782-791.
孔繁花,尹海伟.2008.济南城市绿地生态网络构建.生态学报,28(4):1711-1719.
刘常富,周彬,何兴元,等.2010.沈阳城市森林景观连接度距离阈值选择.应用生态学报,21(10):2508-2516.
刘世梁,温敏霞,崔保山,等.2008.基于网络特征的道路生态干扰---以澜沧江流域为例.生态学报,28(4):1672-1680.
彭建,郭小楠,胡熠娜,等.2017a.基于地质灾害敏感性的山地生态安全格局构建---以云南省玉溪市为例.应用生态学报,28(2):627-635.
彭建,赵会娟,刘焱序,等.2017b.区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望.地理研究,36(3):407-419.
吴健生,刘洪萌,黄秀兰,等.2012.深圳市生态用地景观连通性动态评价.应用生态学报,23(9):2543-2549.
吴榛,王浩.2015.扬州市绿地生态网络构建与优化.生态学杂志,34(7):1976-1985.
肖琛,陈雯,袁丰,等.2013.大城市内部连锁超市空间分布格局及其区位选择---以南京市苏果超市为例.地理研究,32(3):465-475.
谢慧玮,周年兴,关健.2014.江苏省自然遗产地生态网络的构建与优化.生态学报,34(22):6692-6700.
许凤娇,吕晓.2018.基于土地利用变化的江苏沿海地区生态风险格局.生态学报,38(20):1-14.
杨俊,席建超,解鹏,等.2013.基于CA模型的旅游小镇增长的时空模拟与应用---以河北三坡镇为例.地理研究,32(5):915-923.
尹海伟,孔繁花,祈毅,等.2011.湖南省城市群生态网络构建与优化.生态学报,31(10):2863-2874.
张远景,俞滨洋.2016.城市生态网络空间评价及其格局优化.生态学报,36(21):6969-6984.
周圆,张青年.2014.道路网络对物种迁移及景观连通性的影响.生态学杂志,33(2):440-446.
Alexander LE.1998.Roads and their major ecological effects.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,29:207-231.
Ascenso F,Lucas PS,Costa A,et al.2017.The effect of roads on edge permeability and movement patterns for small mammals:A case study with Montane Akodont.Landscape Ecology,32:781-790.
Coffin AW.2007.From roadkill to road ecology:A review of the ecological effects of roads.Journal of Transport Geography,15:396-406.
Forman RTT.1998.Road ecology:A solution for the giant embracing us.Landscape Ecology,13:III-V.
Liu Y,Wang H,Jiao L,et al.2015.Road centrality and landscape spatial patterns in Wuhan Metropolitan Area,China.Chinese Geographical Science,25:511-522.
Miller JR,Joyce LA,Knight RL,et al.1996.Forest roads and landscape structure in the southern Rocky Mountains.Landscape Ecology,11:115-127.
Muoz PT,Torres FP,Megías AG.2015.Effects of roads on insects:A review.Biodiversity&Conservation,24:659-682.
陈春娣,Colin MD,Maria IE,等.2015a.城市生态网络功能性连接辨识方法.生态学报,35(19):6414-6424.
陈春娣,吴胜军,Colin MD,等.2015b.阻力赋值对景观连接模拟的影响.生态学报,35(22):7367-7376.
陈春娣,贾振毅,吴胜军,等.2017.基于文献计量法的中国景观连接度应用研究进展.生态学报,37(10):3243-3255.
陈昕,彭建,刘焱序,等.2017.基于“重要性-敏感性-连通性”框架的云浮市生态安全格局构建.地理研究,36(3):471-484.
邓羽,蔡建明,杨振山,等.2012.北京城区交通时间可达性测度及其空间特征分析.地理学报,67(2):169-178.
傅强,顾朝林.2017.基于生态网络的生态安全格局评价.应用生态学报,28(3):1021-1029.
古璠,黄义雄,陈传明,等.2017.福建省自然保护区生态网络的构建与优化.应用生态学报,28(3):1013-1020.
贾振毅,陈春娣,童笑笑,等.2017.三峡沿库城镇生态网络构建与优化---以重庆开州新城为例.生态学杂志,36(3):782-791.
孔繁花,尹海伟.2008.济南城市绿地生态网络构建.生态学报,28(4):1711-1719.
刘常富,周彬,何兴元,等.2010.沈阳城市森林景观连接度距离阈值选择.应用生态学报,21(10):2508-2516.
刘世梁,温敏霞,崔保山,等.2008.基于网络特征的道路生态干扰---以澜沧江流域为例.生态学报,28(4):1672-1680.
彭建,郭小楠,胡熠娜,等.2017a.基于地质灾害敏感性的山地生态安全格局构建---以云南省玉溪市为例.应用生态学报,28(2):627-635.
彭建,赵会娟,刘焱序,等.2017b.区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望.地理研究,36(3):407-419.
吴健生,刘洪萌,黄秀兰,等.2012.深圳市生态用地景观连通性动态评价.应用生态学报,23(9):2543-2549.
吴榛,王浩.2015.扬州市绿地生态网络构建与优化.生态学杂志,34(7):1976-1985.
肖琛,陈雯,袁丰,等.2013.大城市内部连锁超市空间分布格局及其区位选择---以南京市苏果超市为例.地理研究,32(3):465-475.
谢慧玮,周年兴,关健.2014.江苏省自然遗产地生态网络的构建与优化.生态学报,34(22):6692-6700.
许凤娇,吕晓.2018.基于土地利用变化的江苏沿海地区生态风险格局.生态学报,38(20):1-14.
杨俊,席建超,解鹏,等.2013.基于CA模型的旅游小镇增长的时空模拟与应用---以河北三坡镇为例.地理研究,32(5):915-923.
尹海伟,孔繁花,祈毅,等.2011.湖南省城市群生态网络构建与优化.生态学报,31(10):2863-2874.
张远景,俞滨洋.2016.城市生态网络空间评价及其格局优化.生态学报,36(21):6969-6984.
周圆,张青年.2014.道路网络对物种迁移及景观连通性的影响.生态学杂志,33(2):440-446.
Alexander LE.1998.Roads and their major ecological effects.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,29:207-231.
Ascenso F,Lucas PS,Costa A,et al.2017.The effect of roads on edge permeability and movement patterns for small mammals:A case study with Montane Akodont.Landscape Ecology,32:781-790.
Coffin AW.2007.From roadkill to road ecology:A review of the ecological effects of roads.Journal of Transport Geography,15:396-406.
Forman RTT.1998.Road ecology:A solution for the giant embracing us.Landscape Ecology,13:III-V.
Liu Y,Wang H,Jiao L,et al.2015.Road centrality and landscape spatial patterns in Wuhan Metropolitan Area,China.Chinese Geographical Science,25:511-522.
Miller JR,Joyce LA,Knight RL,et al.1996.Forest roads and landscape structure in the southern Rocky Mountains.Landscape Ecology,11:115-127.
Muoz PT,Torres FP,Megías AG.2015.Effects of roads on insects:A review.Biodiversity&Conservation,24:659-682.