绿色减贫:理论、政策与实践
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摘要
中国的贫困地区多分布在资源匮乏和环境恶劣的地区,这决定了中国必须走绿色减贫的道路。生态文明理论为绿色减贫提供了理论基础,两山理论为绿色减贫提供了战略选择,精准扶贫为绿色减贫提供了具体的操作策略。在绿色减贫实践中形成了以生态环境建设保护、易地搬迁、绿色产业开发三个措施相互结合,政府主导,私营部门和贫困人群参与,完善市场和绿色资产建设同步进行的绿色减贫模式。绿色减贫市场的不完善、绿色产品价值没有被充分体现和绿色资产回报较低是绿色减贫中所面临的一些主要问题,需要逐步加以完善。
China must carry out green poverty reduction as its poverty-stricken areas are mainly distributed in areas with scarce resources and harsh environments. Green poverty reduction is carried out with the ecological civilization theory as theoretical basis, the Two Mountains theory as a strategic choice and the targeted poverty alleviation as a specific operational strategy. In the practice, a green poverty reduction model has taken shape, which contains the combined measures of ecological environment protection, relocation of villagers and green industry development. It relies on the guidance of government and the participation of private sectors and poor population. In this model, market improvement and green asset construction must be done simultaneously. The main issues it confronts are its market is incomplete; the value of green products is not fully actualized; and the return of green assets is low. These aspects need improving gradually.
China must carry out green poverty reduction as its poverty-stricken areas are mainly distributed in areas with scarce resources and harsh environments. Green poverty reduction is carried out with the ecological civilization theory as theoretical basis, the Two Mountains theory as a strategic choice and the targeted poverty alleviation as a specific operational strategy. In the practice, a green poverty reduction model has taken shape, which contains the combined measures of ecological environment protection, relocation of villagers and green industry development. It relies on the guidance of government and the participation of private sectors and poor population. In this model, market improvement and green asset construction must be done simultaneously. The main issues it confronts are its market is incomplete; the value of green products is not fully actualized; and the return of green assets is low. These aspects need improving gradually.
引文
[1]万君,张琦.绿色减贫:贫困治理的路径与模式[J].中国农业大学学报:社会科学版,2017(5):79-86.
[2]祁新华,林荣平,程煜,等.贫困与生态环境相互关系研究述评[J].地理科学,2013(12):1498-1505.
[3]王小强,白南生.富饶的贫困[M].成都:四川人民出版社,1986.
[4]张倩,孟慧新.气候变化影响下的社会脆弱性与反贫困:国外研究综述[J].中国农业大学学报:社会科学版,2014(2):56-67.
[5]李周,孙若梅.生态敏感地带与贫困地区的相关性研究[J].农村经济与社会,1994(5):49-56.
[6]陈烨烽,王艳慧,赵文吉,等.中国贫困村致贫因素分析及贫困类型划分[J].地理学报,2017(10):1827-1844.
[7]周力,孙杰.气候变化与中国连片特困地区资产贫困陷阱[J].南京农业大学学报:社会科学版,2016(5):55-64,155.
[8]向爱兵,李名良.贫困地区交通发展问题及交通扶贫政策效果分析[J].综合运输,2016(11):21-24.
[9]杨庭硕,皇甫睿.生态扶贫概念内涵的再认识:超越历史与西方的维度[J].云南社会科学,2017(1):88-93.
[10]耿翔燕,葛颜祥.生态补偿式扶贫及其运行机制研究[J].贵州社会科学,2017(4):149-153.
(1)八个生态脆弱带分别是:1)东北林草交错生态脆弱区;2)北方农牧交错生态脆弱区;3)西北荒漠绿洲交接生态脆弱区;4 )南方红壤丘陵山地生态脆弱区;5)西南岩溶山地石漠化生态脆弱区;6)西南山地农牧交错生态脆弱区;7)青藏高原复合侵蚀生态脆弱区;8)沿海水陆交接带生态脆弱区。
(1)我们访问的一个贫困村农民曾经抱怨,因为道路不好,果品收购商贩从来不到这个村,村子里的水果和干果产业发展不起来,年轻人只好外出打工。
[2]祁新华,林荣平,程煜,等.贫困与生态环境相互关系研究述评[J].地理科学,2013(12):1498-1505.
[3]王小强,白南生.富饶的贫困[M].成都:四川人民出版社,1986.
[4]张倩,孟慧新.气候变化影响下的社会脆弱性与反贫困:国外研究综述[J].中国农业大学学报:社会科学版,2014(2):56-67.
[5]李周,孙若梅.生态敏感地带与贫困地区的相关性研究[J].农村经济与社会,1994(5):49-56.
[6]陈烨烽,王艳慧,赵文吉,等.中国贫困村致贫因素分析及贫困类型划分[J].地理学报,2017(10):1827-1844.
[7]周力,孙杰.气候变化与中国连片特困地区资产贫困陷阱[J].南京农业大学学报:社会科学版,2016(5):55-64,155.
[8]向爱兵,李名良.贫困地区交通发展问题及交通扶贫政策效果分析[J].综合运输,2016(11):21-24.
[9]杨庭硕,皇甫睿.生态扶贫概念内涵的再认识:超越历史与西方的维度[J].云南社会科学,2017(1):88-93.
[10]耿翔燕,葛颜祥.生态补偿式扶贫及其运行机制研究[J].贵州社会科学,2017(4):149-153.
(1)八个生态脆弱带分别是:1)东北林草交错生态脆弱区;2)北方农牧交错生态脆弱区;3)西北荒漠绿洲交接生态脆弱区;4 )南方红壤丘陵山地生态脆弱区;5)西南岩溶山地石漠化生态脆弱区;6)西南山地农牧交错生态脆弱区;7)青藏高原复合侵蚀生态脆弱区;8)沿海水陆交接带生态脆弱区。
(1)我们访问的一个贫困村农民曾经抱怨,因为道路不好,果品收购商贩从来不到这个村,村子里的水果和干果产业发展不起来,年轻人只好外出打工。