绿色化生产技术采纳:家庭经济水平能唤醒农户生态自觉性吗?
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摘要
绿色化生产作为农业可持续发展的主要方式,不但为政府所提倡,更是农业发展的未来导向,农户是否自觉采用绿色化生产技术关乎未来农业可持续发展的进展情况。利用山东、湖北两省的农户调查数据和全国合作社调查数据,分析了家庭经济水平对农户自觉采用绿色化生产技术的影响。结果表明:家庭经济水平是制约农户自觉采用绿色化生产技术的重要因素,提高农户的家庭经济水平有利于增强农户实施秸秆还田和减少普通农药施用的生态自觉性。然而,农户减少普通化肥施用的生态自觉性普遍较低,改变农户的传统观念,提高其生态自觉性,促使农户合理施用化肥尤为重要。同时,务农年限、绿色认知、种植面积、家庭总人口、技术指导和地域差异也会影响农户绿色化生产技术采纳的生态自觉性。对此,政府应着力于农户收入多元化发展,努力提高其家庭经济水平,在此基础上积极培育新型职业农民,因地制宜加大新型实用农机研发力度,以此促进农户生态自觉性的养成与提高。
As the main mode of sustainable agricultural development,green production is not only advocated by the government,but also the future guiding trend of cultivating. The progress and status of the sustainable development of agriculture depends on the consciousness of the households in cultivating in green ways. Based on the survey data of households in Hubei and Shandong provinces as well as the survey data of national farmers' cooperatives to analyze the influence of family economic conditions on households' ecological consciousness for adopting green production. The results show that family economic condition is an important factor that significantly influences households' ecological consciousness. Raising family economic situation is useful to improve households' consciousness to return crop straw back to the fields and to reduce pesticide use. However,households do not have enough ecological consciousness to reduce the chemical fertilizer input. It is necessary for households to change their traditional behaviors and to apply fertilizer more reasonably. Research results also reveal that farming duration,land acreage,number of family members,technical support and provincial differences also have effects on households' ecological consciousness to adopt green production practices. Therefore,the government should focus more on households' income diversification and strive to improve their economic conditions. On the basis of this,the government should also actively nurture new types of professional farmers and intensify research and development of new and practical agricultural machines according to local conditions so as to promote the formation and improvement of farmers' ecological consciousness.
As the main mode of sustainable agricultural development,green production is not only advocated by the government,but also the future guiding trend of cultivating. The progress and status of the sustainable development of agriculture depends on the consciousness of the households in cultivating in green ways. Based on the survey data of households in Hubei and Shandong provinces as well as the survey data of national farmers' cooperatives to analyze the influence of family economic conditions on households' ecological consciousness for adopting green production. The results show that family economic condition is an important factor that significantly influences households' ecological consciousness. Raising family economic situation is useful to improve households' consciousness to return crop straw back to the fields and to reduce pesticide use. However,households do not have enough ecological consciousness to reduce the chemical fertilizer input. It is necessary for households to change their traditional behaviors and to apply fertilizer more reasonably. Research results also reveal that farming duration,land acreage,number of family members,technical support and provincial differences also have effects on households' ecological consciousness to adopt green production practices. Therefore,the government should focus more on households' income diversification and strive to improve their economic conditions. On the basis of this,the government should also actively nurture new types of professional farmers and intensify research and development of new and practical agricultural machines according to local conditions so as to promote the formation and improvement of farmers' ecological consciousness.
引文
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[6]童霞,高申荣,吴林海.农户对农药残留的认知与农药施用行为研究:基于江苏、浙江473个农户的调研[J].农业经济问题,2014(1):79-85.
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[11]王建华,马玉婷,刘茁,等.农业生产者农药施用行为选择逻辑及其影响因素[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(8):153-161.[WANG Jian-hua,MA Yu-ting,LIU Zhuo,et al. Behavior Choice Logic and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Producers'Pesticide Application[J]. China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(8):153-161.]
[12]陈利顶,马岩.农户经营行为及其对生态环境的影响[J].生态环境,2007,16(2):691-697.[CHEN Li-ding,MA Yan. Farm Households'Behaviors and Its Eco-Environmental Effect[J].Ecology and Environment,2007,16(2):691-697.]
[13]杨博,赵建军.生产方式绿色化的技术创新体系建设[J].中国科技论坛,2016(10):5-10.[YANG Bo,ZHAO Jian-jun. Construction of Technological Innovation System for Production Mode Going Green[J].Forum on Science and Technology in China,2016(10):5-10.
[14]米建伟,黄季焜,陈瑞剑,等.风险规避与中国棉农的农药施用行为[J].中国农村经济,2012(7):60-71,83.
[15] CHAKRABORTY P.Sustainable Ecological Agricultural Systems in Bangladesh:Environmental,Economic and Social Perspective of Compost[C]∥19th International Conference on Organic Agriculture and Innovative Fertilizer Technologies.[s.l.]:[s.n.],2017.
[16] DASGUPTA S,MEISNER C,HUQ M.A Pinch or a Pint? Evidence of Pesticide Overuse in Bangladesh[J]. Journal of Agricultural Economics,2007,58(1):91-114.
[17] HE K,ZHANG J B,ZENG Y M,et al.Households'Willingness to Accept Compensation for Agricultural Waste Recycling:Taking Biogas Production From Livestock Manure Waste in Hubei,P. R.China as an Example[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,131:410-420.
[18]骆世明.农业生态转型态势与中国生态农业建设路径[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(1):1-7.[LUO Shi-ming. Agroecology Transition and Suitable Pathway for Eco-Agricultural Development in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(1):1-7.]
[19]徐世艳,李仕宝.现阶段我国农户的农业技术需求影响因素分析[J].农业技术经济,2009(4):42-47.
[20]何可,张俊飚,丰军辉.自我雇佣型农村妇女的农业技术需求意愿及其影响因素分析:以农业废弃物基质化产业技术为例[J].中国农村观察,2014(4):84-94.
[21] JIN S Q,BLUEMLING B,MOL A P J.Information,Trust,and Pesticide Overuse:Interactions Between Retailers and Cotton Farmers in China[J]. NJAS:Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences,2014,72/73:23-32.
[22]陆铭,蒋仕卿,陈钊,等.摆脱城市化的低水平均衡:制度推动、社会互动与劳动力流动[J].复旦学报(社会科学版),2013,55(3):48-64.
[23]徐卫涛,张俊飚,李树明,等.循环农业中的农户减量化投入行为分析:基于晋、鲁、鄂三省的化肥投入调查[J].资源科学,2010,32(12):2407-2412.[XU Wei-tao,ZHANG Jun-biao,LI Shu-ming,et al. Behavioral Analysis of Reducing Investments for Farming Families in Circular Agriculture:A Case Study on Shanxi,Shandong,and Hubei Provinces Based on the Investigation of Chemical Fertilizer Input[J]. Resources Science,2010,32(12):2407-2412.]
[24]周琼,刘德娟,黄颖,等.稻农四种常用环境友好型技术采用行为研究:对福建省三明市236户稻农的实证调查[J].生态经济,2017,33(12):114-118.[ZHOU Qiong,LIU De-juan,HUANG Ying,et al. Farm Households'Adoption Behavior of Four Kinds of Environment Friendly Technologies:Taking 236 Rice Farmers in Sanming City,Fujian Province as an Example[J].Ecological Economy,2017,33(12):114-118.]
[25]苏向辉,孙挺,王保力,等.新疆棉农低碳生产行为及其影响因素分析:以化肥施用为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(9):43-48.[SU Xiang-hui,SUN Ting,WANG Bao-li,et al.Analysis on Xinjiang Cotton Farmers'Low-Carbon Production Behaviors and the Affecting Factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2017,38(9):43-48.]
[26]占辉斌,胡庆龙.农地规模、市场激励与农户施肥行为[J].农业技术经济,2017(11):72-79.
[27]仇焕广,栾昊,李瑾,等.风险规避对农户化肥过量施用行为的影响[J].中国农村经济,2014(3):85-96.
[2]黄炜虹,齐振宏,邬兰娅,等.农户对生态农业模式的偏好与额外投入水平研究:基于重庆市358户农户调查数据[J].农业技术经济,2016(11):34-43.
[3]蔡颖萍,杜志雄.家庭农场生产行为的生态自觉性及其影响因素分析:基于全国家庭农场监测数据的实证检验[J].中国农村经济,2016(12):33-45.
[4]杜志雄.“新农人”引领中国农业转型的功能值得重视[J].世界农业,2015(9):248-250.
[5]田云,张俊飚,何可,等.农户农业低碳生产行为及其影响因素分析:以化肥施用和农药使用为例[J].中国农村观察,2015(4):61-70.
[6]童霞,高申荣,吴林海.农户对农药残留的认知与农药施用行为研究:基于江苏、浙江473个农户的调研[J].农业经济问题,2014(1):79-85.
[7]吴雪莲,张俊飚,何可.农户高效农药喷雾技术采纳意愿:影响因素及其差异性分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(4):137-148.[WU Xue-lian,ZHANG Jun-biao,HE Ke.Farmers'Willingness to Adopt the Effective Pesticide Spraying Technology:Influencing Factors and Group Heterogeneity[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University,2016,21(4):137-148.]
[8]黄祖辉,钟颖琦,王晓莉.不同政策对农户农药施用行为的影响[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(8):148-155.[HUANG Zhu-hui,ZHONG Ying-qi,WANG Xiao-li.Study on the Impacts of Government Policy on Farmers'Pesticide Application Behavior[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2016,26(8):148-155.]
[9] YEN B T,VISSER S M,CHU T H,et al. Constraints on Agricultural Production in the Northern Uplands of Vietnam[J].Mountain Research and Development,2013,33(4):404-415.
[10] RAJU K V,DESHPANDE R S,BEDAMATTA S.Vulnerability to Climate Change:A Sub-Regional Analysis of Socio-Economic and Agriculture Sectors in Karnataka,India[J].Journal of Development Policy and Practice,2017,2(1):24-55.
[11]王建华,马玉婷,刘茁,等.农业生产者农药施用行为选择逻辑及其影响因素[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(8):153-161.[WANG Jian-hua,MA Yu-ting,LIU Zhuo,et al. Behavior Choice Logic and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Producers'Pesticide Application[J]. China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(8):153-161.]
[12]陈利顶,马岩.农户经营行为及其对生态环境的影响[J].生态环境,2007,16(2):691-697.[CHEN Li-ding,MA Yan. Farm Households'Behaviors and Its Eco-Environmental Effect[J].Ecology and Environment,2007,16(2):691-697.]
[13]杨博,赵建军.生产方式绿色化的技术创新体系建设[J].中国科技论坛,2016(10):5-10.[YANG Bo,ZHAO Jian-jun. Construction of Technological Innovation System for Production Mode Going Green[J].Forum on Science and Technology in China,2016(10):5-10.
[14]米建伟,黄季焜,陈瑞剑,等.风险规避与中国棉农的农药施用行为[J].中国农村经济,2012(7):60-71,83.
[15] CHAKRABORTY P.Sustainable Ecological Agricultural Systems in Bangladesh:Environmental,Economic and Social Perspective of Compost[C]∥19th International Conference on Organic Agriculture and Innovative Fertilizer Technologies.[s.l.]:[s.n.],2017.
[16] DASGUPTA S,MEISNER C,HUQ M.A Pinch or a Pint? Evidence of Pesticide Overuse in Bangladesh[J]. Journal of Agricultural Economics,2007,58(1):91-114.
[17] HE K,ZHANG J B,ZENG Y M,et al.Households'Willingness to Accept Compensation for Agricultural Waste Recycling:Taking Biogas Production From Livestock Manure Waste in Hubei,P. R.China as an Example[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,131:410-420.
[18]骆世明.农业生态转型态势与中国生态农业建设路径[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(1):1-7.[LUO Shi-ming. Agroecology Transition and Suitable Pathway for Eco-Agricultural Development in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(1):1-7.]
[19]徐世艳,李仕宝.现阶段我国农户的农业技术需求影响因素分析[J].农业技术经济,2009(4):42-47.
[20]何可,张俊飚,丰军辉.自我雇佣型农村妇女的农业技术需求意愿及其影响因素分析:以农业废弃物基质化产业技术为例[J].中国农村观察,2014(4):84-94.
[21] JIN S Q,BLUEMLING B,MOL A P J.Information,Trust,and Pesticide Overuse:Interactions Between Retailers and Cotton Farmers in China[J]. NJAS:Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences,2014,72/73:23-32.
[22]陆铭,蒋仕卿,陈钊,等.摆脱城市化的低水平均衡:制度推动、社会互动与劳动力流动[J].复旦学报(社会科学版),2013,55(3):48-64.
[23]徐卫涛,张俊飚,李树明,等.循环农业中的农户减量化投入行为分析:基于晋、鲁、鄂三省的化肥投入调查[J].资源科学,2010,32(12):2407-2412.[XU Wei-tao,ZHANG Jun-biao,LI Shu-ming,et al. Behavioral Analysis of Reducing Investments for Farming Families in Circular Agriculture:A Case Study on Shanxi,Shandong,and Hubei Provinces Based on the Investigation of Chemical Fertilizer Input[J]. Resources Science,2010,32(12):2407-2412.]
[24]周琼,刘德娟,黄颖,等.稻农四种常用环境友好型技术采用行为研究:对福建省三明市236户稻农的实证调查[J].生态经济,2017,33(12):114-118.[ZHOU Qiong,LIU De-juan,HUANG Ying,et al. Farm Households'Adoption Behavior of Four Kinds of Environment Friendly Technologies:Taking 236 Rice Farmers in Sanming City,Fujian Province as an Example[J].Ecological Economy,2017,33(12):114-118.]
[25]苏向辉,孙挺,王保力,等.新疆棉农低碳生产行为及其影响因素分析:以化肥施用为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(9):43-48.[SU Xiang-hui,SUN Ting,WANG Bao-li,et al.Analysis on Xinjiang Cotton Farmers'Low-Carbon Production Behaviors and the Affecting Factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2017,38(9):43-48.]
[26]占辉斌,胡庆龙.农地规模、市场激励与农户施肥行为[J].农业技术经济,2017(11):72-79.
[27]仇焕广,栾昊,李瑾,等.风险规避对农户化肥过量施用行为的影响[J].中国农村经济,2014(3):85-96.