引入中介与调节变量的生态认知对生态行为作用机理实证研究
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摘要
研究生态认知对生态行为作用机理有利于管理者有效规范公众的生态行为。分别引入中介与调节变量并基于"知—信—行"理论建立结构方程模型SEM,利用调研数据进行实证研究。结果显示:(1)生态知识和生态感知相互影响,系数均为0.39;(2)生态知识对生态责任感、生态情感、生态价值观、生态态度有正向显著影响,系数分别为0.19、0.23、0.32、0.33;(3)生态感知对生态价值观、生态态度、生态情感、生态责任感有正向显著影响,系数分别为0.35、0.37、0.42、0.45;(4)生态情感对生态态度、生态态度对生态责任感、生态责任感对生态价值观有正向显著影响,系数分别为0.31、0.48、0.37;(5)生态情感、生态态度、生态责任感、生态价值观对生态行为有正向显著影响,系数分别为0.39、0.43、0.58、0.69;(6)生态知识、生态感知对生态行为影响系数为正但不显著。结果表明:生态认知对生态行为无直接作用关系,而要通过生态信念对生态行为产生作用;生态态度、生态情感、生态价值观、生态责任感在生态认知对生态行为作用关系中具有完全中介效应;性别、年龄和户籍地在生态认知对生态行为作用关系中具有调节效应且调节效应依次降低。
It was of great help for managers to stanardize public ecological behavior well through studying the operation mechanism of ecological cognition to ecological behavior.On basis of the theory of KAP,this paper utilized SEM to come up with the theoretical hypothesis models with moderators and mediators introduced into the relationship from ecological cognition to ecological behavior to construct the empirical models to empirically research.The results showed:(1)Ecological knowledge and ecological sense had mutual positive significant influence and the coefficients were respectively 0.39.(2)Ecological knowledge had positive significant influence on ecological responsibility,feeling,value view,attitude and the coefficients respectively were respectively 0.19,0.23,0.32,0.33.(3)Ecological sense had a positive significant influence on ecological value view,attitude,feeling,responsibility and the coefficients were respectively 0.35,0.37,0.42,0.45.(4)Ecological feeling had a positive significant influence on attitude,ecological attitude had a positive significant influence on responsibility and ecological responsibility had a positive significant influence on value view.The coefficients were respectively 0.31,0.48,0.37.(5)Ecological feeling,attitude,responsibility,value view had a positive significant influence on ecological behavior and the coefficients were respectively 0.39,0.43,0.58,0.69.(6)Ecological knowledge and ecological sense had a positive significant influence on ecological behavior but the coefficients were not significant.These conclusions showed: Ecological cognition had an indirect positive influence on ecological behavior through ecological belief instead of direct positive influence.Ecological feeling,attitude,responsibility,value view played a completely mediating role in the relationship from ecological cognition to behavior.Age,domicile places and gender played a moderating role in the relationship from ecological cognition to behavior and the moderating effected degrees decrease in sequence.
It was of great help for managers to stanardize public ecological behavior well through studying the operation mechanism of ecological cognition to ecological behavior.On basis of the theory of KAP,this paper utilized SEM to come up with the theoretical hypothesis models with moderators and mediators introduced into the relationship from ecological cognition to ecological behavior to construct the empirical models to empirically research.The results showed:(1)Ecological knowledge and ecological sense had mutual positive significant influence and the coefficients were respectively 0.39.(2)Ecological knowledge had positive significant influence on ecological responsibility,feeling,value view,attitude and the coefficients respectively were respectively 0.19,0.23,0.32,0.33.(3)Ecological sense had a positive significant influence on ecological value view,attitude,feeling,responsibility and the coefficients were respectively 0.35,0.37,0.42,0.45.(4)Ecological feeling had a positive significant influence on attitude,ecological attitude had a positive significant influence on responsibility and ecological responsibility had a positive significant influence on value view.The coefficients were respectively 0.31,0.48,0.37.(5)Ecological feeling,attitude,responsibility,value view had a positive significant influence on ecological behavior and the coefficients were respectively 0.39,0.43,0.58,0.69.(6)Ecological knowledge and ecological sense had a positive significant influence on ecological behavior but the coefficients were not significant.These conclusions showed: Ecological cognition had an indirect positive influence on ecological behavior through ecological belief instead of direct positive influence.Ecological feeling,attitude,responsibility,value view played a completely mediating role in the relationship from ecological cognition to behavior.Age,domicile places and gender played a moderating role in the relationship from ecological cognition to behavior and the moderating effected degrees decrease in sequence.
引文
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[31]张智光.决策科学与艺术[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[2]张智光.面向生态文明的超循环经济:理论、模型与实例[J].生态学报,2017,37(13)∶4549-4561.
[3]彭远春.我国环境行为研究述评[J].社会科学研究,2011,(1)∶104-109.
[4]王建明,郑冉冉.心理意识因素对消费者生态文明行为的影响机理[J].管理学报,2011,8(7)∶1027-1035.
[5]龚继红,黄梦思,马玉申,等.农民背景特征、生态环境保护意识与农药施用行为的关系[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(4)∶546-551.
[6]刘海霞,宋秀葵.生态意识:生态文明建设的动力系统[J].山东青年政治学院学报,2014,30(1)∶51-55.
[7]Stern P C,Dietz T,Kalof L.Value Orientations,Gender and Environmental Concern[J].Environment and Behavior,1993,25(5)∶322-348.
[8]Axelrod L J,Lehman D R.Responding to Environmental Concerns:What Factors Guide Individual Action?[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,1993,13(2)∶149-159.
[9]张玉玲,张捷,赵文慧.居民环境后果认知对保护旅游地环境行为影响研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(7)∶149-156.
[10]张玉玲,张捷,张宏磊,等.文化与自然灾害对四川居民保护旅游地生态环境行为的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(17)∶5103-5113.
[11]Ong T F,Musa G.Examining the Influences of Experience,Personality and Attitude on Scuba Divers'Underwater Behavior:A Structural Equation Model[J].Tourism Management,2012,33(6)∶1521-1534.
[12]Ramkissoon H,Weiler B,Smith L D G.Place Attachment and Proenvironmental Behavior in National Parks:The Development of a Conceptual Framework[J].Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2012,20(2)∶257-276.
[13]Papagiannakis G,Lioukas S.Values,Attitudes and Perceptions of Managers as Predictors of Corporate Environmental Responsiveness[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2012,(100)∶41-51.
[14]Schultz P W,Gouveia V V,Cameron L D,et al.Values and Their Relationship to Environmental Concern and Conservation Behavior[J].Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology,2005,36(4)∶457-475.
[15]Stern P C,Kalof L,Dietz T,et al.Values,Beliefs and Proenvironmental Action:Attitude Formation toward Emergent Attitude Objects[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,1995,25(18)∶1611-1636.
[16]Schwartz S H.Normative Influences on Altruism[M].Advances in Experimental Social Psychology.New York,NY:Academic Press,1977∶221-279.
[17]Klockner C A,Blobaum A.A Comprehensive Action Determination Model:Toward a Broader Understanding of Ecological Behavior Using the Example of Travel Mode Choice[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2010,30(4)∶574-586.
[18]Stern P C.Toward a Coherent Theory of Environmentally Significant Behavior[J].Journal of Social Issues,2000,56(3)∶407-424.
[19]Jakovcevic A,Steg L.Sustainable Transportation in Argentina:Values,Beliefs,Norms and Car Use Reduction[J].Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behavior,2013(20)∶70-79.
[20]Park N,Yang A.Online Environmental Community Members'Intention to Participate in Environmental Activities:An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior in the Chinese Context[J].Computers in Hunan Behavior,2012,28(4)∶1298-1306.
[21]贺爱忠,杜静,陈美丽.零售企业绿色认知和绿色情感对绿色行为的影响机理[J].中国软科学,2013,(4)∶117-127.
[22]Berger I E,Corbin R M.Perceived Consumer Effectiveness and Faith in Others as Moderators of Environmentally Responsible Behaviors[J].Journal of Public Policy&Marketing,1992,11(2)∶79-88.
[23]Li,L Y.Effect of Collectivist Orientation and Ecological Attitude on Actual Environmental Concern:The Moderating Role of Consumer Demographics and Product Involvement[J].Journal of International Consumer Marketing,1997,9(4)∶31-53.
[24]Ricky Y K,Chan L,Lan B Y.Antecedents of Green Purchases:A Survey in China[J].Journal of Consumer Marketing,2000,17(4)∶338.
[25]张宏,黄震方,方叶林,等.湿地自然保护区旅游者环境教育感知研究——以盐城丹顶鹤、麋鹿国家自然保护区为例[J].生态学报,2015,35(23)∶7899-7911.
[26]余晓婷,吴小根,张玉玲,等.游客环境责任行为驱动因素研究——以台湾为例[J].旅游学刊,2015,30(7)∶49-59.
[27]冯潇,薛永基,刘欣禺.生态知识对林区农户生态保护行为影响的实证研究——生态情感与责任意识的中间作用[J].资源开发与市场,2017,33(3)∶284-288,294.
[28]王昕,陆迁.农户生态行为影响因素的实证分析[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,(3)∶43-46.
[29]廖冰,张智光,刘春香,等.引入森林资源中介变量的林业产业与生态作用机理研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(11)∶159-168.
[30]王建明.公众资源节约与环境保护消费行为测度——外部表现、内在动因和分类维度[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(6)∶141-146.
[31]张智光.决策科学与艺术[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.