楠溪江干流香鱼栖息地水生态调查分析
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摘要
香鱼是楠溪江较为名贵且对环境敏感的一种鱼类,由于人类活动影响,香鱼栖息地遭到破坏,导致香鱼数量急剧减少。为进一步开展楠溪江香鱼栖息地的水生态保护与修复工作,本文对楠溪江香鱼栖息地水质及着生藻类进行了现场调查与分析,结果表明:香鱼产卵期的产卵场及育肥期的育肥场水质相对较好,能为香鱼的产卵、育肥提供较好的水质环境;上溯期的中游产卵场河段及下游感潮河段水质均较差,不利于香鱼从下游河段向育肥场迁移。产卵场和育肥场着生藻类生物量丰富,以硅藻为主,有利于香鱼的产卵和育肥。为促进楠溪江香鱼栖息地的保护与修复,针对楠溪江下游感潮河段开展水环境综合治理工作,提出了重点关注TN的削减的建议。
The Ayu is a rare and environmentally sensitive species in the Nanxi River. Due to anthropogenic activities, the habitat of Ayu has been destroyed, resulting in a drastic reduction in the Ayu population.To restore the water eco-environment for the Ayu's habitat, the field investigation and analysis have been conducted on the water quality and benthic algae of Ayu's habitat in the Nanxi River. Results indicate:(1) the water quality in the spawning grounds during the spawning periodandin the fattening grounds during the fattening periodare relativelygood, providing favorable water quality environment forspawning and fattening the Ayu;(2) the water quality in themidstream spawning groundsand in the downstream tidal river reaches during the anadromous migration period are relatively bad, affecting the migration of Ayu from the lower river reaches to the fattening grounds;(3) abundant benthic algae(diatom as the major part) have beenfoundin the spawning and fatteninggrounds,providing favorable nutrimentenvironment forspawning and fattening the Ayu. To protect and restore the Ayu, it is suggested that thecomprehensive management of water environment should be carried out in the downstream tidal reaches of Nanxi River, with focus on the reduction of TN.
The Ayu is a rare and environmentally sensitive species in the Nanxi River. Due to anthropogenic activities, the habitat of Ayu has been destroyed, resulting in a drastic reduction in the Ayu population.To restore the water eco-environment for the Ayu's habitat, the field investigation and analysis have been conducted on the water quality and benthic algae of Ayu's habitat in the Nanxi River. Results indicate:(1) the water quality in the spawning grounds during the spawning periodandin the fattening grounds during the fattening periodare relativelygood, providing favorable water quality environment forspawning and fattening the Ayu;(2) the water quality in themidstream spawning groundsand in the downstream tidal river reaches during the anadromous migration period are relatively bad, affecting the migration of Ayu from the lower river reaches to the fattening grounds;(3) abundant benthic algae(diatom as the major part) have beenfoundin the spawning and fatteninggrounds,providing favorable nutrimentenvironment forspawning and fattening the Ayu. To protect and restore the Ayu, it is suggested that thecomprehensive management of water environment should be carried out in the downstream tidal reaches of Nanxi River, with focus on the reduction of TN.
引文
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[21]左其亭,陈豪,张永勇.淮河上游水生态健康影响因子及其健康评价[J].水利学报,2015,46(9):1019-1027.
[22]张润洁.浑河着生藻类群落结构及影响因子分析[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2012.
[23]凌旌瑾,顾咏洁,许春梅,等.黄浦江和苏州河的着生藻类与水质因子关系的多元分析[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(5):184-189.
[24]袁信芳,施华宏,王晓蓉.太湖着生藻类的时空分布特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(4):1035-1040.
[25]李明云.香鱼健康养殖实用新技术[M].北京:海军出版社,2009.
[26]闫海,潘纲,张明明.微囊藻毒素研究进展[J].生态学报,2002,22(11):1968-1975.
[2]彭文启,王世岩,刘晓波.洱海水质评价[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2005,3(3):192-198.
[3]程海英.锦州市供水工程小凌河段环境现状调查分析[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2016,14(2):144-149.
[4]殷旭旺,张远,渠晓东,等.浑河水系着生藻类的群落结构与生物完整性[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(10):2732-2740.
[5]吴强,段辛斌,徐树英,等.长江三峡库区蓄水后鱼类资源现状[J].淡水渔业,2007,37(2):70-75.
[6]杨丽娜,潘忠斌.楠溪江流域水文特性分析[J].浙江水利科技,2011(3):12-14.
[7]陈志俭.楠溪江香鱼增殖情况初报[J].水产科技情报,2003,30(3):109-110.
[8]仇建标,陈少波,黄丽,等.浙江香鱼资源现状与衰退原因分析[J].渔业现代化,2009,36(6):63-65.
[9]陶江平,艾为明,龚昱田,等.采用渔业声学方法和GIS模型对楠溪江鱼类资源量及空间分布的评估[J].生态学报,2010,30(11):2992-3000.
[10]王璐,朱家明,张淑慧,等.基于灰色理论探究生态环境对鱼类优势种群的影响[J].昆明学院学报,2017,39(3):89-94.
[11]张润洁.浑河着生藻类群落结构及影响因子分析[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2012.
[12]张士杰,刘昌明,谭红武,等.水库低温水的生态影响及工程对策研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(6):1412-1416.
[13]龙华.温度对鱼类生存的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005,44(S1):254-257.
[14]松原喜代松,落合明.魚類学(下)[M]//水産学全集(19),恒星社厚生閣,1965.
[15]NISHIDA M.Substantial genetic differentiation in Ayu Plecoglossusaltivelis of the Japan and Ryukyu Islands[J].Nihon-suisan-gakkai-shi,2008,51(8):1269-1274.
[16]马玉琴.环境监测[M].武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,1998.
[17]杨凯,樊启学,张磊,等.溶氧水平对黄颡鱼稚鱼摄食、生长及呼吸代谢的影响[J].淡水渔业,2010,40(2):24-29.
[18]张云龙,张海龙,王凌宇,等.氨氮对鱼类毒性的影响因子及气呼吸型鱼类耐氨策略[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(5):1157-1168.
[19]李明云,丁天喜,竺俊全,等.我国香鱼的研究现状及增养殖前景[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),1999(4):85-94.
[20]蒋火华,朱建平,梁德华,等.综合污染指数评价与水质类别判定的关系[J].中国环境监测,1999(6):48-64.
[21]左其亭,陈豪,张永勇.淮河上游水生态健康影响因子及其健康评价[J].水利学报,2015,46(9):1019-1027.
[22]张润洁.浑河着生藻类群落结构及影响因子分析[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2012.
[23]凌旌瑾,顾咏洁,许春梅,等.黄浦江和苏州河的着生藻类与水质因子关系的多元分析[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(5):184-189.
[24]袁信芳,施华宏,王晓蓉.太湖着生藻类的时空分布特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(4):1035-1040.
[25]李明云.香鱼健康养殖实用新技术[M].北京:海军出版社,2009.
[26]闫海,潘纲,张明明.微囊藻毒素研究进展[J].生态学报,2002,22(11):1968-1975.