基于生态适宜性评价的海洋生态系统管理——以温州市洞头区为例
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摘要
海洋为人类生存和社会经济发展提供了重要的资源和环境条件,海洋生态适宜性研究能够评定海域的固有属性对生态保护和开发利用的适宜等级和潜力-限制因素.本研究以典型的海岛区洞头为例,构建了海洋生态适宜性评价的空间分析模型,计算得到其空间分布,进而开展了生态适宜度的功能分区;据此划分了洞头区的生态管控空间,判断了未来海域资源保护和开发利用管理的主导方向,提出了各管控区发展的资源优势及限制性因素.结果表明,洞头海域按照生态适宜度值的高低可以清晰地划分为重点保护区、一般保护区、适度开发区和优化开发区等4类功能区,分别占区域总面积的23%、50%、18%和9%;前两者为生态保护及恢复的重要区域,后两者是未来海洋资源开发利用的主要区域; 4类区域可以归并为生态保护、农渔业养殖、城镇开发3类管控功能区.本研究对开展海洋生态功能区划、协调海洋资源开发与区域生态保护的关系、构建基于生态系统的海洋综合管理模式具有重要意义.
The role of marine ecosystems,as critical elements of global life support systems,has gradually become recognized. Ecological suitability analysis can reflect the advantages of regional marine resources and the potential socio-economic development. In this study,taking an example of the island district,Dongtou,we constructed a comprehensive evaluation model in order to designate the main function areas of the ecological suitability. Then the predominating direction of regional marine resources protection and utilization was recognized and the advantages and limitations of each function area were illustrated. The results indicate that marine resources utilization can be clearly divided into four categories in the study area. They were key protected zones,general protected zones,moderately developed zones and optimized developed zones where they occupies 23%,50%,18% and 9% of the whole region,respectively. The first two zones are sensitive to the environment and thus are considered to be the important ecological restoration areas of the county,while the latter two zones are buffer areas for future marine resources utilization. Refers to the marine functional zone,three development modes of urban exploitation,fishery farming and ecological protection could be recognized for further marine resources management. This study has significant implications for marine ecological functional zoning,resolution of conflicts between the marine resources conservation and exploitation as well as the construction of a comprehensive regional marine management pattern.
The role of marine ecosystems,as critical elements of global life support systems,has gradually become recognized. Ecological suitability analysis can reflect the advantages of regional marine resources and the potential socio-economic development. In this study,taking an example of the island district,Dongtou,we constructed a comprehensive evaluation model in order to designate the main function areas of the ecological suitability. Then the predominating direction of regional marine resources protection and utilization was recognized and the advantages and limitations of each function area were illustrated. The results indicate that marine resources utilization can be clearly divided into four categories in the study area. They were key protected zones,general protected zones,moderately developed zones and optimized developed zones where they occupies 23%,50%,18% and 9% of the whole region,respectively. The first two zones are sensitive to the environment and thus are considered to be the important ecological restoration areas of the county,while the latter two zones are buffer areas for future marine resources utilization. Refers to the marine functional zone,three development modes of urban exploitation,fishery farming and ecological protection could be recognized for further marine resources management. This study has significant implications for marine ecological functional zoning,resolution of conflicts between the marine resources conservation and exploitation as well as the construction of a comprehensive regional marine management pattern.
引文
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[2] BONHAM-CARTER G F. Geographic information systems for geoseientists:modeling with GIS[M]. New York:Pergamon Press,1994.
[3]何英彬,陈佑启,杨鹏.国外基于GIS土地适宜性评价研究进展及展望[J].土地利用变化,2009,28(6):898-904.
[4]杨少俊,刘孝富,舒俭民.城市土地生态适宜性评价理论与方法[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(1):380-385.
[5] MILLER W,COLLINS W M G,STEINER F R,et al. An approach for greenway suitability analysis[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,1998,42(2/3/4):91-105.
[6]史同广,郑国强,王智勇,等.中国土地适宜性评价研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2007,26(2):106-115.
[7]焦胜,李振民,高青,等.景观连通性理论在城市土地适宜性评价与优化方法中的应用[J].地理研究,2013,32(4):720-730.
[8]林勇,刘述锡,关道明,等.基于GIS的虾夷扇贝养殖适宜性综合评价:以北黄海大小长山岛为例[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):5 984-5 992.
[9]孙晓宇,苏奋振,周成虎,等.基于底质条件的广东东部海岸带土地利用适宜度评价[J].海洋学报,2011,33(5):169-176.
[10] MCHARG I. Design with nature[M]. New York:Natural History Press,1969.
[11]林勇,樊景凤,温泉,等.生态红线划分的理论和技术[J].生态学报,2016,36(5):1 244-1 252.
[12]江倩倩,罗先香,张龙军.生态适宜性评价研究及在海洋环境中应用的思考[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(1):155-160.
[13] FOLKE C T,HAHN P O,NORBERG J. Adaptive governance of social-ecological systems[J]. Annual Review of Environment and Resources,2005,30:441-473.
[14] SUE K,ANDY P,CHRIS F. The ecosystem approach to marine planning and management[M]. London:Earthscan Ltd,2011.
[15]国家海洋局.中国海洋21世纪议程[M].北京:海洋出版社,1996.
[16]向芸芸,杨辉,周鑫,等.生态适宜性研究综述[J].海洋开发与管理,2015,32(8):76-84.
[17] MUNIZ P,VENTURINI N,HUTTON M,et al. Ecosystem health of Montevideo coastal zone:A multi approach using some different benthic indicators to improve a ten-year-ago assessment[J]. Journal of Sea Research,2011,65(1):38-50.
[18]王祺,蒙吉军,齐杨,等.基于承载力动态变化的生态系统适应性管理:以鄂尔多斯乌审旗为例[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(4):154-159.
[19]叶属峰,王光振,过仲阳,等.长江三角洲海岸带区域综合承载力评估与决策:理论与实践[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.
[20]王初升,林荣澄,黄发明.珊瑚礁海岸围填海适宜性的评估方法研究[J].海洋通报,2012,31(6):695-699.
[21]陈秋明.基于生态-经济的无居民海岛开发适宜性研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2009.
[22]黄秀清,齐平,秦渭华,等.象山港海洋生态环境评价方法研究[J].海洋学报,2015,37(8):128-136.
[23]江源通,田野,郑拴宁.海岛型城市生态安全格局研究:以平潭岛为例[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):769-777.
[24]方精云,沈泽昊,唐志尧,等.“中国山地植物物种多样性调查计划”及若干技术规范[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1):5-9.
[25]邹景忠,董丽萍,秦保平.渤海湾富营养化和赤潮问题的初步探讨[J].海洋环境科学,1983,2(2):41-54.
[26]刘富强,吴涛,蒋国俊,等.海岸线与海岸景观格局对人为干扰度的动态响应:以营口市南部海岸为例[J].生态学报,2017,37(22):7 427-7 437.
[27] LIU J Y,LIU M L,ZHUANG D F,et al. Study on spatial pattern of land-use change in China during 1995—2000[J]. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2003,46(4):373-384.
[28] ODUM E P,BARRETT G W. Fundamentals of ecology[M]. 5 th ed. Toronto:CENGAGE Learning,2005.
[29]高升,孙会荟,曹广喜,等.中国东南沿海平潭岛生态安全动态评价[J].应用海洋学学报,2018,37(1):94-101.
[30]樊杰.我国主体功能区划的科学基础[J].地理学报,2007,62(4):339-350.
[31] MCLEOD K L,LESLIE H M. Why ecosystem-based management?[C]//MCLEOD K L,LESLIE H M. Ecosystem-Based management for the oceans. Washington:Island Press,2009.
[32] KI-MOON B. The road to dignity by 2030:ending poverty,transforming all lives and protecting the planet:Synthesis report of the secretary-general on the Post-2015 Agenda[R]. New York:United Nations,2014.
[33] AGARDY T,DAVIS J,SHERWOOD K,et al. Taking steps toward marine and coastal ecosystem-based management:an introductory guide[R]. Nairobi:United Nations Environment Programme Headquarters(UNEP),2011.
[34] GUNDERSON L,HOLLING C,LIGHT S. Barriers and bridges to the renewal of ecosystems and institutions[M]. New York:Columbia University Press,1995.