木材含水率分级干燥及其节能分析
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摘要
木材干燥是木材加工生产中不可缺少的一道重要工序,也是耗能最大的工序。现在能源短缺,燃料价格上涨,节省能源尤其重要。加强对木材干燥过程节能减排降耗的研究,寻求高效环保的节能技术是目前国内外学者广泛关注的课题之一。在分析木材干燥能耗的基础上,从3个方面探讨了木材含水率分级干燥的必要性:1)生材含水率不同导致每一块板材的干燥特性不同;2)与水分移动有关的木材性质(物理力学性质等)的差异;3)木材中各种状态水分的干燥能耗。进而对木材含水率分级干燥过程进行了分析,提出了木材含水率分级干燥的概念,并对分级干燥理论进行了分析。探究了含水率分级干燥对木材干燥质量、干燥效率和干燥过程节能减排的影响,采用含水率分级技术实现木材的精细干燥,可以达到缩短干燥周期,降低能耗,提高干燥质量的目的。最后,提出应根据干燥材的用途要求,在节能经济的基础上,制定合适的含水率分级标准的应用设想。
Wood drying is indispensable and important working procedure in lumber production.It is also the biggest energy consumption process.Nowadays,due to the energy shortage and higher fuel price,Energy saving becomes an particularly important issue.It is of great interest to study the energy saving,emission reduction and consumption reduction of wood drying process,and to seek efficient and environmentally friendly energy saving technologies.On the basis of analyzing the energy consumption of wood drying,the necessity of moisture content classification in wood drying was discussed from three aspects:1)different drying characteristics caused by the differences in different moisture contents between different lumbers;2)differences in wood properties(physical and mechanical properties,etc.)related to the movement of water;3)differences in drying energy consumption for various moisture states in wood.The process of classification and drying process of wood moisture content was analyzed.Firstly,the concept of wood moisture classification drying was put forward,and the classification drying theory was analyzed.Effects of moisture content classification drying on wood drying quality were examined.Drying efficiency and energy-saving and emission-reduction process were introduced.The fine drying of wood was realized by adopting the moisture content classification technology,and the wood drying technology was improved,and the energy consumption of wood drying process was reduced.Finally,several assumptions were presented,about the application that setting up appropriate grading standards for moisture content according to the requirements of the use of dry materials and on the basis of energy saving and economy.
Wood drying is indispensable and important working procedure in lumber production.It is also the biggest energy consumption process.Nowadays,due to the energy shortage and higher fuel price,Energy saving becomes an particularly important issue.It is of great interest to study the energy saving,emission reduction and consumption reduction of wood drying process,and to seek efficient and environmentally friendly energy saving technologies.On the basis of analyzing the energy consumption of wood drying,the necessity of moisture content classification in wood drying was discussed from three aspects:1)different drying characteristics caused by the differences in different moisture contents between different lumbers;2)differences in wood properties(physical and mechanical properties,etc.)related to the movement of water;3)differences in drying energy consumption for various moisture states in wood.The process of classification and drying process of wood moisture content was analyzed.Firstly,the concept of wood moisture classification drying was put forward,and the classification drying theory was analyzed.Effects of moisture content classification drying on wood drying quality were examined.Drying efficiency and energy-saving and emission-reduction process were introduced.The fine drying of wood was realized by adopting the moisture content classification technology,and the wood drying technology was improved,and the energy consumption of wood drying process was reduced.Finally,several assumptions were presented,about the application that setting up appropriate grading standards for moisture content according to the requirements of the use of dry materials and on the basis of energy saving and economy.
引文
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[7] MAHMUDUL H,TIMOTHY A G.Performance comparison of two solar kiln designs for wood drying using a numerical simulation[J].Drying Technology,2015,33(6):634-645.
[8] QIU Y,LI M,HASSANIEN R H.Performance and operation mode analysis of a heat recovery and thermal storage solar-assisted heat pump drying system[J].Solar Energy,2016,137:225-235.
[9]MOHANRAJ M.Performance of a Solar-amlbient hybrid source heat pump drier for copra drying under hothumid weather conditions[J].Energy for Sustainable Development,2014,23:165-169.
[10] SEVIK S.Experimental investigation of a new design solarheat pump dryer under the different climatic conditions and drying behavior of selected products[J].Solar Energy,2014,105:190-205.
[11]惠凯.联合式木材干燥窑的应用与展望[J].科技创新与应用,2017,26:167-169.HUI K.Application and Prospect of combined wood drying kiln[J].Technology Innovation and Application,2017,26:167-169.(in Chinese)
[12]陈卫国,刘德承,梁志斌,等.青钩栲树皮率、含水率及木材密度的研究[J].广西林业科学,2014,43(2):179-183.
[13]张倩,周亚菲,刘珊杉,等.速生杨清林材基本密度与含水率特性分析[J].林业科技,2017,42(3):25-27.
[14]卢翠香,陈建波,刘媛,等.邓恩桉生材含水率、年轮宽度及木材密度研究[J].桉树科技,2014(2):23-27.LU C X,CHEN J B,LIU Y,et al.Research on moisture content of green wood,annual ring width and wood dendity of Eucaiyptus dunnii[J].Eucalypt Science&Technology,2014(2):23-27.(in Chinese)
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[16] MTTNEN V.Variation of colour and selected physical and mechanical properties related to artificial drying of sawn silver birch(Betula pendula Roth)timber from plantations[J].Academic dissertation of Helsinki:University of Joensuu,Finland,2005.
[17]廖声熙,崔凯,孙庆丰,等.云南松人工林正常木与应压木物理力学性质比较[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(6):161-164.LIAO S X,CUI K,SUN Q F,et al.Comparative study on physical and mechanical properties of normal and compressed woods from Pinus yunnanensis plantations[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2013,28(6):161-164.(in Chinese)
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[19]韦善华,唐天,符韵林,等.灰木莲树皮率、心材率及木材密度研究[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(3):152-155.WEI S H,TAN T,FU Y L,et al.Bark percentage,heartwood percentage and density for Manglietia glauca[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2011,26(3):152-155.(in Chinese)
[20]黎小波,张钰雯,符韵林.香梓楠树皮率、生材含水率及木材密度研究[J].陕西林业科技,2014(4):1-4.LI X B,ZHANG Y W,FU Y L,et al.Bark percentage,green moisture content and wood density of Micelia hedyosperma Law[J].Shanxi Forestry Science and Technology,2014(4):1-4.(in Chinese)
[21]曾辉,陈卫国,李秀芸,等.阴香树皮率、心材率及木材密度研究[J].森林工程,2014,30(2):13-16.ZENG H,CHEN W G,LI X Y,et al.Reasearch on bark percentage,heartwood percentage and wood density of Cinnamomum burmannii[J].Forestry Engineering,2014,30(2):13-16.(in Chinese)
[22]何贵平,齐明,张建忠,等.杉木生长改良的不同世代对木材密度的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2014(4):790-794.HE G P,QI M,ZHANG J Z,et al.Influences of growth improvement of Chinese fir at different generations upon wood density[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2014(4):790-794.(in Chinese)
[23]赵广杰.木材细胞壁中吸着水的介电弛豫[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2002:20-33.
[24]刘纪建,于建芳,王喜明,等.木材内部水分扩散机理及多尺度模型研究概述[J].材料导报,2016,30(5):100-104.LIU J J,YU J F,WANG X M,et al.A review about internal moisture diffusion of wood:mechanisms and multiscale models[J].Materials Review,2016,30(5):100-104.(in Chinese)
[25] PARK J H,PARK Y,HAN Y,et al.Effect of outer surface sealing treatment on the reduction of surface check occurrence during the drying of center-bored round timber[J].Drying Technology,2014,32(2):236-243.
[26]曹金珍.吸着·解吸过程中水分与木材之间的相互作用[D].北京:北京林业大学,2001.
[27] SETHY A K,GRIGORI T,PETER V,et al.Moisture conditioning of wood using a continuous microwave dryer[J].Drying Technology,2013,34(3):318-323.
[28]薛巨峰.木材干燥含水率测试及水分迁移特征的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2006
[29] CHEN G,KEEY R B,WALKER J C F.The drying stress and check development on high-temperature kiln seasoning of sapwood Pirrus radiata boards[J].Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff,1997,55(2):59-64.
[30] ROSENR S,KARLSSON B,KONNERTH J,et al.Shrinkage processes in standard-size Norway spruce wood specimens with different vulnerability to cavitation[J].Tree Physiology,2009,29(11):1419-1431.
[31] SALIN J G.Analysis and optimization of the conditioning phase in timber drying[J].Drying Technology,2002,19(8):1711-1724.
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