河西绿洲灌区玉米产量对生物可降解地膜保水增温作用的响应
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摘要
通过连续2 a田间定位试验,研究不同覆盖处理(普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和无覆盖)对玉米种植增温、保湿作用和产量的影响。结果表明:不同覆盖处理增温次序为普通地膜覆盖>生物可降解地膜覆盖>无覆盖>秸秆覆盖;普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖的2 a玉米各生育时期土壤贮水量平均比无覆盖高24.7mm、19.9mm和13.1 mm;与无覆盖相比,普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖的2a平均玉米籽粒产量分别提高11.55%、9.53%和4.70%,WUE分别提高17.35%、14.11%和8.22%,经济效益分别提高11.81%、8.60%和5.05%。综合考虑产量和水分利用,生物可降解地膜的增温保湿和增产效果低于普通地膜,但是生物可降解地膜有利于农业生态系统的可持续发展,从长远生态效益考虑,今后应推广使用。
Through 2 years of field experiment,aimed at studying the effects of mulching materials(common plastic film mulching,biodegradable film mulching,straw film mulching and no mulching) on adjusting temperature moisture and maize grain yields.The results showed that the order of increasing soil temperature was common plastic film mulching> biodegradable film mulching > no mulching > straw film mulching.Compared to no mulching,the hight of 2 years water storage for common plastic film mulching,biodegradable film mulching and straw film mulching were 24.7 mm,19.9mm and 13.1 mm respectively.Compared with no mulching,the increases of 2 years maize grain yield for common plastic film mulching,biodegradable film mulching and straw film mulching were 11.55%,9.53% and 4.70%,respectively,while increases of WUE were 17.35%,14.11% and 8.22%,respectively,while increases of economic benefit were 11.81%,8.60% and 5.05%.In conclusions,combining yields and water use,common plastic film was better than biodegradable film at increasing soil temperature and saving water.The biodegradable film was good for agro-ecosystems sustainable development and it should be extend in the future.
Through 2 years of field experiment,aimed at studying the effects of mulching materials(common plastic film mulching,biodegradable film mulching,straw film mulching and no mulching) on adjusting temperature moisture and maize grain yields.The results showed that the order of increasing soil temperature was common plastic film mulching> biodegradable film mulching > no mulching > straw film mulching.Compared to no mulching,the hight of 2 years water storage for common plastic film mulching,biodegradable film mulching and straw film mulching were 24.7 mm,19.9mm and 13.1 mm respectively.Compared with no mulching,the increases of 2 years maize grain yield for common plastic film mulching,biodegradable film mulching and straw film mulching were 11.55%,9.53% and 4.70%,respectively,while increases of WUE were 17.35%,14.11% and 8.22%,respectively,while increases of economic benefit were 11.81%,8.60% and 5.05%.In conclusions,combining yields and water use,common plastic film was better than biodegradable film at increasing soil temperature and saving water.The biodegradable film was good for agro-ecosystems sustainable development and it should be extend in the future.
引文
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[16]于爱忠,柴强.供水与地膜覆盖对干旱灌区玉米产量的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(5):778-786.
[17]李荣,张睿,贾志宽.不同覆盖材料对耕层土壤温度及玉米出苗的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):13-16.
[18]贺欢,田长彦,王林霞.不同覆盖方式对新疆棉田土壤温度和水分的影响[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(6):826-831.
[19]刘春生,杨吉华,马玉增,等.对板栗园树盘土壤双重覆盖的效应研究[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(1):69-71.
[20]任小龙,贾志宽,陈小莉.不同模拟雨量下微集水种植对农田水肥利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(3):75-81.
[21]李建奇.地膜覆盖对春玉米产量、品质的影响机理研究[J].玉米科学,2008,16(5):87-92.
[2]王星,吕家珑,孙本华.覆盖可降解地膜对玉米生长和土壤环境的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(4):397-401.
[3]卜玉山,王建程,邵海林,等.不同覆盖材料土壤生态效应与玉米增产效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(2):138-141.
[4]Atreya K,Shaima S,Bajracharya R M,et al.Developing a sustainable agro-system for central Nepal using reduced tillage and straw mulching[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2008,88:547-555.
[5]官情,王俊,宋淑亚,等.黄土旱塬不同覆盖措施对冬小麦农田土壤呼吸的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(6):1471-1476.
[6]Mahajan G,Sharda R,Kumar A,et al.Effect of plastic mulch on economizing irrigation water and weed control in baby corn sown by different methods[J].African Journal of Agricultural Research,2007,2(1):19-26.
[7]李尚中,王勇,樊廷录,等.旱地玉米不同覆膜方式的水温及增产效应[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(5):922-931.
[8]Marakagh A M A.Effect of tillage time and plastic mulch on growth and yield of okra(Abdmos chusesculentus)grown under rainfed conditions[J].International Journal of Agriculture Biology,2009,11(4):453-457.
[9]Ndubuisi M C.Physical properties of an ultisol under plastic film and no-mulches and their effect on the yield of maize[J].Journal of American Science,2009,5(5):25-30.
[10]El-Nemr M A.Effect of mulch types on soil environmental conditions and their effect on the growth and yield of cucumber plants[J].Journal of Applied Sciences Research,2006,2(2):67-73.
[11]赵小蓉,蒲波,李浩,等.秸秆覆盖栽培对油菜土壤含水率和产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(2):354-358.
[12]海龙.黄土高原地膜覆盖栽培玉米的产量与土壤生态效益[D].兰州:兰州大学,2011.
[13]卜玉山,苗果园,王建程,等.对地膜和秸秆覆盖玉米生长发育与产量的分析[J].作物学报,2006,32(7):1090-1093.
[14]张惠,李娟,贾志宽,等.渭北旱塬不同覆盖材料对旱作农田土壤水分及春玉米产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012.30(2):93-100.
[15]杨彩红,柴强,黄高宝.荒漠绿洲区交替灌溉小麦/玉米间作水分利用特征研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(4):782-786.
[16]于爱忠,柴强.供水与地膜覆盖对干旱灌区玉米产量的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(5):778-786.
[17]李荣,张睿,贾志宽.不同覆盖材料对耕层土壤温度及玉米出苗的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):13-16.
[18]贺欢,田长彦,王林霞.不同覆盖方式对新疆棉田土壤温度和水分的影响[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(6):826-831.
[19]刘春生,杨吉华,马玉增,等.对板栗园树盘土壤双重覆盖的效应研究[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(1):69-71.
[20]任小龙,贾志宽,陈小莉.不同模拟雨量下微集水种植对农田水肥利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(3):75-81.
[21]李建奇.地膜覆盖对春玉米产量、品质的影响机理研究[J].玉米科学,2008,16(5):87-92.