利用红外相机技术调查云南布龙州级保护区野生动物
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摘要
物种编目是自然保护区的生物多样性监测与研究的基础,为制定、实施保护计划及开展科学研究、环境教育等提供数据支持。2014年3月至2015年3月,按公里网格法,在布龙州级保护区内设置了137个位点,总监测日为10 675d,拍摄照片19 757张。获得独立有效照片数984张,其中70.8%为兽类,27.6%为鸟类。经鉴定,可以识别兽类5目10科17种,鸟类4目9科14种,其中国家Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级保护物种各有3种和10种。被IUCN物种红色名录评估为濒危(EN)、易危(VU)、近危(NT)的物种分别有2、4、1种。本次调查兽类记录物种数较多的是食肉目和偶蹄目,分别为4种和5种,相对丰富度指数以野猪和赤麂较高;鸟类记录物种数最多的是雉类(4种),白鹇和原鸡的相对丰富度指数较高。本次调查进一步完善了布龙州级自然保护区中大、中型兽类和地栖性鸟类的物种资源编目,为后续的科研、监测和保护管理提供了本底资源。
Biodiversity inventorying is fundamental for the monitoring of wildlife in nature reserves,as well as for the formulation of conservation strategies,research,and environmental education. Bulong Nature Reserve is a new prefectural protected area established in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan in 2008. Using the kilometre-grid sampling method,from March2014 to March 2015,we set up several infrared cameras in 137 locations in the Bulong Nature Reserve. During the monitoring period of 10675 days,19757 shots were triggered with 984 valid photos( 70. 8% with mammals,27. 6% with birds,and 1. 6% of human activities). We identified 17 mammal species belonging to 5 orders and 10 families and 14 bird species belonging to 4 orders and 9 families,including 3 species under Class I priority and 10 species under Class II priority of national protection. Amongst the identified species,2 are classified as Endangered( EN),4 as Vulnerable( VU),and one species as Near-Threatened( NT) by IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. In this survey,the most frequently recorded mammal species belonged to Carnivora( four species) and Artiodactyla( five species). Wild boars( Sus scrofa) and barking deers( Muntiacus muntjak) were found at the highest relative abundance. The most frequently recorded bird species belonged to the Galliformes( four species). The silver pheasant( Lophura nycthemera) and the red jungle fowl( Gallus gallus) had the highest relative abundance. This study provides the first record of large and mid-sized mammals and terrestrial birds for future biodiversity research,monitoring,and management in the Bulong Nature Reserve.
Biodiversity inventorying is fundamental for the monitoring of wildlife in nature reserves,as well as for the formulation of conservation strategies,research,and environmental education. Bulong Nature Reserve is a new prefectural protected area established in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan in 2008. Using the kilometre-grid sampling method,from March2014 to March 2015,we set up several infrared cameras in 137 locations in the Bulong Nature Reserve. During the monitoring period of 10675 days,19757 shots were triggered with 984 valid photos( 70. 8% with mammals,27. 6% with birds,and 1. 6% of human activities). We identified 17 mammal species belonging to 5 orders and 10 families and 14 bird species belonging to 4 orders and 9 families,including 3 species under Class I priority and 10 species under Class II priority of national protection. Amongst the identified species,2 are classified as Endangered( EN),4 as Vulnerable( VU),and one species as Near-Threatened( NT) by IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. In this survey,the most frequently recorded mammal species belonged to Carnivora( four species) and Artiodactyla( five species). Wild boars( Sus scrofa) and barking deers( Muntiacus muntjak) were found at the highest relative abundance. The most frequently recorded bird species belonged to the Galliformes( four species). The silver pheasant( Lophura nycthemera) and the red jungle fowl( Gallus gallus) had the highest relative abundance. This study provides the first record of large and mid-sized mammals and terrestrial birds for future biodiversity research,monitoring,and management in the Bulong Nature Reserve.
引文
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Chen M Y,Zhu H.2013.Scientific Survey of Xishuangbanna BulongNational Nature Reserve.Yunnan:Science and Technology Publishing House,98-122.(in Chinese)
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Lan H,Jin K.2016.Infrared-triggered camera technology application in the investigation of mammals in Beijing Wulingshan National Nature Reserve.Acta Theriologica Sinica,36(3):322-329.(in Chinese)
Li S,Wang D J,Bu H L,Liu X G,Jin T.2016.Camera-trapping survey on the mammal diversity of the Laohegou Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province.Acta Theriologica Sinica,36(3):282-291.(in Chinese).
Li S,Wang D J,Xiao Z S,Li S H,Wang T M,Feng L M,Wang Y.2014.Camera-trapping in wildlife research and conservation in China:review and outlook.Biodiversity Science,22(6):685-695.(in Chinese).
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Wang B X,Cui J F,Xiang M G,Wang Y C,Luo X Z,Zhu X Q,Nie C A,Xiang M G,Liao Z G,Zhou Y B.2016.Camera trap survey for mammals and birds in the Houhe National Nature Reserve,Hubei Province.Acta Theriologica Sinica,36(3):357-366(in Chinese)
Xiao Z S,Li X H,Wang X Z,Zhou Q H,Quan R C,Shen X L,Li S.2014.Developing camera-trapping protocols for wildlife monitoring in Chinese forests.Biodiversity Science,22(6):704-711.(in Chinese)
Zhang M F,Cao L,Quan R C,Xiao Z S,Yang X F,Zhang W F,Wang X Z,Deng X B.2014.Camera trap survey of animals in Xishuangbanna forest dynamics plot,Yunnan.Biodiversity Science,22(6):830-832(in Chinese)
王冰鑫,崔继法,向明贵,王永超,骆贤正,朱晓琴,聂才爱,向明喜,廖忠华,周友兵.2016.利用红外相机对湖北后河自然保护区兽类和鸟类的初步调查.兽类学报,36(3):357-366.
兰慧,金崑.2016.红外相机技术在北京雾灵山自然保护区兽类资源调查中的应用.兽类学报,36(3):322-329.
刘芳,李生强,吴记贵.2012.利用红外相机调查北京松山国家级自然保护区野生动物物种.生态学报,32(3):730-739.
约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.2000.中国鸟类野外手册.长沙:湖南教育出版社,1-128.
李晟,王大军,肖治术,李欣海,王天明,冯利民,王云.2014.红外相机技术在我国野生动物研究与保护中的应用前景.生物多样性,22(6):685-689.
李晟,王大军,卜红亮,刘小庚,靳彤.2016.四川省老河沟自然保护区兽类多样性红外相机调查.兽类学报,36(3):282-291.
肖治术,李欣海,王学志,周岐海,权锐昌,申小莉,李晟.2014.探讨我国森林野生动物红外相机监测规范.生物多样性,22(6)704-711.
张明霞,曹林,权锐昌,肖治术,杨小飞,张文富,王学志,邓晓保.2014.利用红外相机监测西双版纳森林动态样地的野生动物多样性.生物多样性,22(6):830-832.
陈明勇,朱华.2013.西双版纳布龙州级自然保护区科学考察报告.昆明:云南科技出版社,98-122.
国务院.1989.国家重点保护陆生野生动物名录http://www.forestry.gov.cn/3954/content-1063883.html.
蒋志刚,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,周开亚,刘少英,冯祚建.2015.中国哺乳动物多样性及地理分布.北京:科学出版社,153-260.
Chen M Y,Zhu H.2013.Scientific Survey of Xishuangbanna BulongNational Nature Reserve.Yunnan:Science and Technology Publishing House,98-122.(in Chinese)
Jiang Z,Ma Y,Wu Y,Wang Y,Zhou K,Liu S Y,Feng Z.2015.China’s Mammal Diversity and Geographic Distrbution.Beijing:Science Press,153-260.(in Chinese)
Kawanishi K,Sahak A M,Sunquist M.1999.Preliminary analysis on abundance of large mammals at Sungai Relau,Taman,Negara.Journal of Wildlife and National Parks,17:62-82.
Lan H,Jin K.2016.Infrared-triggered camera technology application in the investigation of mammals in Beijing Wulingshan National Nature Reserve.Acta Theriologica Sinica,36(3):322-329.(in Chinese)
Li S,Wang D J,Bu H L,Liu X G,Jin T.2016.Camera-trapping survey on the mammal diversity of the Laohegou Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province.Acta Theriologica Sinica,36(3):282-291.(in Chinese).
Li S,Wang D J,Xiao Z S,Li S H,Wang T M,Feng L M,Wang Y.2014.Camera-trapping in wildlife research and conservation in China:review and outlook.Biodiversity Science,22(6):685-695.(in Chinese).
Liu F,Li D Q,Wu J G.2012.Using infrared cameras to survey wildlife in Beijing Songshan Nature Reserve.Acta Ecologica Sinica,32:730-379(in Chinese)
Mackinnon J,Phillipps K,He F Q.2000.A Field Guide to the Birds of China.Changsha:Hunan Education Publishing House,1-128.(in Chinese)
Wang B X,Cui J F,Xiang M G,Wang Y C,Luo X Z,Zhu X Q,Nie C A,Xiang M G,Liao Z G,Zhou Y B.2016.Camera trap survey for mammals and birds in the Houhe National Nature Reserve,Hubei Province.Acta Theriologica Sinica,36(3):357-366(in Chinese)
Xiao Z S,Li X H,Wang X Z,Zhou Q H,Quan R C,Shen X L,Li S.2014.Developing camera-trapping protocols for wildlife monitoring in Chinese forests.Biodiversity Science,22(6):704-711.(in Chinese)
Zhang M F,Cao L,Quan R C,Xiao Z S,Yang X F,Zhang W F,Wang X Z,Deng X B.2014.Camera trap survey of animals in Xishuangbanna forest dynamics plot,Yunnan.Biodiversity Science,22(6):830-832(in Chinese)
王冰鑫,崔继法,向明贵,王永超,骆贤正,朱晓琴,聂才爱,向明喜,廖忠华,周友兵.2016.利用红外相机对湖北后河自然保护区兽类和鸟类的初步调查.兽类学报,36(3):357-366.
兰慧,金崑.2016.红外相机技术在北京雾灵山自然保护区兽类资源调查中的应用.兽类学报,36(3):322-329.
刘芳,李生强,吴记贵.2012.利用红外相机调查北京松山国家级自然保护区野生动物物种.生态学报,32(3):730-739.
约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.2000.中国鸟类野外手册.长沙:湖南教育出版社,1-128.
李晟,王大军,肖治术,李欣海,王天明,冯利民,王云.2014.红外相机技术在我国野生动物研究与保护中的应用前景.生物多样性,22(6):685-689.
李晟,王大军,卜红亮,刘小庚,靳彤.2016.四川省老河沟自然保护区兽类多样性红外相机调查.兽类学报,36(3):282-291.
肖治术,李欣海,王学志,周岐海,权锐昌,申小莉,李晟.2014.探讨我国森林野生动物红外相机监测规范.生物多样性,22(6)704-711.
张明霞,曹林,权锐昌,肖治术,杨小飞,张文富,王学志,邓晓保.2014.利用红外相机监测西双版纳森林动态样地的野生动物多样性.生物多样性,22(6):830-832.
陈明勇,朱华.2013.西双版纳布龙州级自然保护区科学考察报告.昆明:云南科技出版社,98-122.
国务院.1989.国家重点保护陆生野生动物名录http://www.forestry.gov.cn/3954/content-1063883.html.
蒋志刚,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,周开亚,刘少英,冯祚建.2015.中国哺乳动物多样性及地理分布.北京:科学出版社,153-260.