温度对尖裸鲤胚胎发育及其仔稚鱼生长性状的影响
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摘要
采用实验生态学方法研究温度对尖裸鲤(Oxygymnocypris stewartii)胚胎发育及仔稚鱼生长性状的影响,旨在掌握温度对其早期发育的影响。结果表明,随着温度的升高,胚胎的孵化时间缩短,发育速度加快。在平均水温5℃、8℃、11℃、14℃和17℃下,尖裸鲤的胚胎孵化时间分别为530.78 h、366.12 h、214.22 h、220.63 h、153.95 h,温度和孵化时间呈幂函数关系,有效积温在水温为11℃时最低,为2 356.4 h·℃。尖裸鲤胚胎不同发育时期在不同温度下的累计时间均呈现指数函数关系。随着温度的升高,孵化率呈现先降低后升高的趋势,水温范围在11～17℃时,温度系数Q10值和Q13值最接近2。尖裸鲤初孵仔鱼全长与温度间呈现三次多项式函数,全长与温度之间不存在显著性关系;而初孵仔鱼卵黄囊体积与温度间呈现显著性的二次多项式函数。综合各项指标表明,尖裸鲤胚胎的适宜孵化水温为11～17℃,仔稚鱼的适宜生长水温为14～17℃。
To understand the effect of water temperature on fish embryo development is important for its successful artificial rearing and domestication. Temperature has a great influence on the metamorphosis of fish embryos and larvae. Accordingly, the effects of temperature on embryonic development and growth traits of Oxygymnocypris stewartii larvae and juvenile were studied in the laboratory. The fertilized eggs of O. stewartii were randomly and averagely divided and raised at different water temperature groups(5, 8, 11, 14, 17 ℃), respectively. Morphological measurements included total length, long diameter of yolk and short diameter of yolk volume were measured by a stereo microscope with Nikon Image Analysis system(Nikon SMZ1500). We used one-way ANOVA and regression analysis to analyze the data by the SPSS 21 and Excel 2007 software. Accumulated temperature K = the time of a certain development stage × average temperature, hatching rate(%) = number of hatched larvae/number of fertilized eggs × 100%, fertilization rate = number of fertilized eggs/total number of eggs invested × 100%, yolk volume =(4/3) π ×(long diameter of yolk/2) ×(short diameter of yolk/2)2, temperature coefficient Q10 =(Incubation time at temperature T0/Incubation time at temperature Ta)10(Ta-T0). Descriptive statistics was presented as mean ± standard error, and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. The results showed that the hatching time of the embryos was shortened and the development speed was accelerated with the increasing of water temperature. The hatching time of embryo was separately 530.78 h, 366.12 h, 214.22 h, 220.63 h, 153.95 h at different temperatures(5, 8, 11, 14, 17 ℃), the relationship between temperature and incubation time was in a power function style(Fig. 2). The minimum accumulated temperature at 11 ℃ was 2 356.4 h · ℃(Fig. 4). The relationships between developmental periods and their accumulative time of O. stewartii embryo at different temperatures were all in an exponential function style(Table 2). The hatching rate showed a trend of decreasing firstly and increasing then with the rising of water temperature(Fig. 3). Compared with the Q10, the Q13 was closest to 2 when the temperature was 11﹣17 ℃(Table 3). Total length of O. stewartii larvae at hatching and temperature did not show a significant cubic function, but the relationship between yolk volume of larvae at hatching and temperature was in a significant quadratic function style(Table 4). The results indicatethat the suitable temperature for early development of O. stewartii embryo is 11﹣17 ℃, and the suitable growth temperature for the larvae and juvenile is 14﹣17 ℃.
To understand the effect of water temperature on fish embryo development is important for its successful artificial rearing and domestication. Temperature has a great influence on the metamorphosis of fish embryos and larvae. Accordingly, the effects of temperature on embryonic development and growth traits of Oxygymnocypris stewartii larvae and juvenile were studied in the laboratory. The fertilized eggs of O. stewartii were randomly and averagely divided and raised at different water temperature groups(5, 8, 11, 14, 17 ℃), respectively. Morphological measurements included total length, long diameter of yolk and short diameter of yolk volume were measured by a stereo microscope with Nikon Image Analysis system(Nikon SMZ1500). We used one-way ANOVA and regression analysis to analyze the data by the SPSS 21 and Excel 2007 software. Accumulated temperature K = the time of a certain development stage × average temperature, hatching rate(%) = number of hatched larvae/number of fertilized eggs × 100%, fertilization rate = number of fertilized eggs/total number of eggs invested × 100%, yolk volume =(4/3) π ×(long diameter of yolk/2) ×(short diameter of yolk/2)2, temperature coefficient Q10 =(Incubation time at temperature T0/Incubation time at temperature Ta)10(Ta-T0). Descriptive statistics was presented as mean ± standard error, and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. The results showed that the hatching time of the embryos was shortened and the development speed was accelerated with the increasing of water temperature. The hatching time of embryo was separately 530.78 h, 366.12 h, 214.22 h, 220.63 h, 153.95 h at different temperatures(5, 8, 11, 14, 17 ℃), the relationship between temperature and incubation time was in a power function style(Fig. 2). The minimum accumulated temperature at 11 ℃ was 2 356.4 h · ℃(Fig. 4). The relationships between developmental periods and their accumulative time of O. stewartii embryo at different temperatures were all in an exponential function style(Table 2). The hatching rate showed a trend of decreasing firstly and increasing then with the rising of water temperature(Fig. 3). Compared with the Q10, the Q13 was closest to 2 when the temperature was 11﹣17 ℃(Table 3). Total length of O. stewartii larvae at hatching and temperature did not show a significant cubic function, but the relationship between yolk volume of larvae at hatching and temperature was in a significant quadratic function style(Table 4). The results indicatethat the suitable temperature for early development of O. stewartii embryo is 11﹣17 ℃, and the suitable growth temperature for the larvae and juvenile is 14﹣17 ℃.
引文
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Liu X Z,Xu Y J,Ma A J,et al.2004.Effects of salinity,temperature,light rhythm and light intensity on embryonic development of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther and its hatching technology optimization.Marine Fisheries Research,25(6):1-6.
Otterlei E,Nyhammer G,Folkvord A,et al.1999.Temperature and size-dependent growth of larval and early juvenile Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua):a comparative study of Norwegian coastal cod and northeast Arctic cod.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,56(11):2099-2111.
Root T L,Price J T,Hall K R,et al.2003.Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants.Nature,421(6918):57-60.
Tao J,He D K,Kennard M J,et al.2018.Strong evidence for changing fish reproductive phenology under climate warming on the Tibetan Plateau.Global Change Biology,24(5):2093-2104.
Tazawa H,Kuroda O,Whittow G C.1991.Noninvasive determination of embryonic heart rate during hatching in the brown noddy(Anous stolidus).The Auk,108:594-601.
Walther G R,Post E,Convey P,et al.2002.Ecological responses to recent climate change.Nature,416(6879):389-395.
Xie X J,Sun R.2010.The pattern of energy allocation in the southern catfish(Silurus meridionalis Chen).Journal of Fish Biology,42(2):197-207.
Zhu T B,Gan M Y,Wang X G,et al.2017.An evaluation of elastomer and coded wire tag performance in juvenile Tibet fish Oxygymnocypris stewartii(Lloyd,1908)under laboratory conditions.Journal of Applied Ichthyology,33(3):498-501.
卞晓东.2010.鱼卵、仔稚鱼形态生态学基础研究.青岛:中国海洋大学博士学位论文.
曹文宣,陈宜瑜,武云飞,等.1981.裂腹鱼类的起源和演化及其与青藏高原隆起的关系∥中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.青藏高原隆起的时代、幅度和形式问题.北京:科学出版社,118-130.
曹振东,谢小军.2002.温度对南方鲇饥饿仔鱼的半致死时间及其体质量和体长变化的影响.西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,27(5):746-750.
产久林,姜华鹏,刘一萌,等.2015.COⅠ和16S rRNA基因在高原裂腹鱼物种鉴定中的应用.水生态学杂志,36(4):98-104.
陈锋,陈毅峰.2010.拉萨河鱼类调查及保护.水生生物学报,34(2):278-285.
陈美群,李宝海,周建设,等.2017.尖裸鲤病变死亡后微生物群落结构变化分析.西南农业学报,30(5):1233-1238.
邓思平,吴天利,王德寿,等.2000.温度对南方鲶幼鱼生长与发育的影响.西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,25(6):674-679.
董根,杨建敏,王卫军,等.2013.短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)胚胎发育生物学零度和有效积温的研究.海洋与湖沼,44(2):476-481.
冯广朋,庄平,章龙珍,等.2009.长江口纹缟虾虎鱼早期发育对生态因子的适应性.生态学报,29(10):5185-5194.
甘小平.2012.温度对稀有鲫繁殖、胚胎发育和仔鱼生长的影响.重庆:西南大学硕士学位论文.
戈志强,朱江,朱玉芳,等.2003.不同光照、温度对大银鱼受精卵孵化率的影响.淡水渔业,33(5):23-24.
龚世园,张训蒲,宋智修,等.1996a.寡齿新银鱼胚胎发育及其与温度的关系研究.应用生态学报,(增刊1):93-98.
龚世园,张训蒲,宋智修,等.1996b.近太湖新银鱼胚胎发育与温度的关系研究.华中农业大学学报,15(2):163-167,205.
韩叙.2010.白斑狗鱼人工繁育技术研究.保定:河北农业大学硕士学位论文.
黄贤克,单乐州,闫茂仓,等.2017.黄姑鱼胚胎发育及其与温度和盐度的关系.海洋科学,41(7):44-50.
霍斌.2014.尖裸鲤个体生物学和种群动态学研究.武汉:华中农业大学博士学位论文.
季强.2008.六种裂腹鱼类摄食消化器官形态学与食性的研究.武汉:华中农业大学硕士学位论文.
蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,等.2016.中国脊椎动物红色名录.生物多样性,24(5):501-551,615.
乐佩琦,陈宜瑜.1998.中国濒危动物红皮书:鱼类.北京:科学出版社,158-159.
李岑,姜志强,刘庆坤,等.2011.泰国斗鱼的胚胎发育及温度对胚胎发育的影响.大连海洋大学学报,26(5):402-406.
李孝珠,常艳利,康清娟,等.2011.温度对池沼公鱼仔鱼生长发育的影响.水生态学杂志,32(2):96-99.
刘洋,张健,杨万勤.2009.高山生物多样性对气候变化响应的研究进展.生物多样性,17(1):88-96.
洛桑,张强英,丹增达瓦,等.2014.拉萨河尖裸鲤(Oxygymnocypris stewartii)肌肉营养组成与分析评价.西藏大学学报:自然科学版,29(1):8-12,53.
骆豫江,朱新平,潘德博,等.2008.高体革仔稚鱼的生长和发育.水产学报,32(5):697-702.
强俊,李瑞伟,王辉.2008.温度对奥尼罗非鱼受精卵孵化和仔鱼活力的影响.淡水渔业,38(4):25-29.
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