血浆种类和温度对褶纹冠蚌钩介幼虫非寄生变态发育及早期稚蚌生长的影响
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摘要
为完善褶纹冠蚌钩介幼虫体外培养技术和理论,采用体外培养技术研究了血清、温度对钩介幼虫的变态发育影响,并对早期稚蚌的成活和生长进行了评估。结果表明:鳙鱼血浆培养的钩介幼虫变态率极显著高于马血清、牛血清组(P<0.01);18℃培养的钩介幼虫变态率均显著高于30、24℃(P<0.05);褶纹冠蚌钩介幼虫生物学零度为9.34℃,有效积温为102.84℃·d;早期稚蚌养殖一个月后,鳙鱼血浆培养的稚蚌成活率最高(P<0.05),鳙鱼血浆组稚蚌壳长显著高于牛血清组、马血清组组(P<0.05);稚蚌在3个养殖温度下,温度越低,成活率越高,且具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。综上所述,以鳙鱼血浆为营养源、18℃条件下培养的褶纹冠蚌钩介幼虫变态率最高,稚蚌养殖成活率高。
To improve the in vitro culture of Cristaria plicata glochidia, the in vitro cultivation technique was adopted to study the effects of blood serum and temperature on metamorphosis of glochidia, and the survive and growth of juvenile mussel at earlier stage were evaluated. The results showed that the metamorphosis rate of glochidia in bighead plasma was significantly higher than that of horse serum and bovine serum group(P<0.01); the metamorphosis rate of glochidia cultured at 18℃ was significantly higher than that at 30℃ and 24℃(P<0.05), the biological zero point of Cristaria plicata glochidia was 9.34℃ and the effective accumulated temperature was 102.84℃·d. After one month cultivation of juvenile mussel at earlier stage, the survival rate of juvenile mussel cultured in bighead plasma was the highest(P<0.05), and the shell length of juvenile mussel in the bighead plasma group was significantly higher than that of bovine serum group and horse serum group(P<0.05). Under the three different temperature for cultivation, the lower the temperature, the higher the survival rate, and the difference was significant(P<0.05). Taken together, Cristaria plicata larva cultivated with bighead plasma under 18℃ has the highest metamorphosis rate, and the mussel larva has the highest survival rate.
To improve the in vitro culture of Cristaria plicata glochidia, the in vitro cultivation technique was adopted to study the effects of blood serum and temperature on metamorphosis of glochidia, and the survive and growth of juvenile mussel at earlier stage were evaluated. The results showed that the metamorphosis rate of glochidia in bighead plasma was significantly higher than that of horse serum and bovine serum group(P<0.01); the metamorphosis rate of glochidia cultured at 18℃ was significantly higher than that at 30℃ and 24℃(P<0.05), the biological zero point of Cristaria plicata glochidia was 9.34℃ and the effective accumulated temperature was 102.84℃·d. After one month cultivation of juvenile mussel at earlier stage, the survival rate of juvenile mussel cultured in bighead plasma was the highest(P<0.05), and the shell length of juvenile mussel in the bighead plasma group was significantly higher than that of bovine serum group and horse serum group(P<0.05). Under the three different temperature for cultivation, the lower the temperature, the higher the survival rate, and the difference was significant(P<0.05). Taken together, Cristaria plicata larva cultivated with bighead plasma under 18℃ has the highest metamorphosis rate, and the mussel larva has the highest survival rate.
引文
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[22]白志毅,李家乐,杨光.三角帆蚌钩介幼虫发育的生物学零度和有效积温初步研究[J].特产研究,2008,30(1):12-14.
[23]陈修报,杨健,闻海波,等.椭圆背角无齿蚌发育关键阶段形态结构以及寄生有效积温的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2010,33(4):100-104.
[24]张根芳,许式见,方爱萍.背瘤丽蚌钩介幼虫寄生变态发育和有效积温的研究[J].淡水渔业,2010,40(3):18-22.
[25]徐云涛.两种蚌类钩介幼虫选择性寄生机制的初步研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016.
[2]Araujo R,Ramos M A.Margaritifera auricularia(Unionoidea,Margaritiferidae),the giant freshwater pearl mussel rediscovered in Spain[J].Graellsia,1998,54(54):129-130.
[3]Douda K.Host-dependent vitality of juvenile freshwater mussels:Implications for breeding programs and host evaluation[J].Aquaculture,2015,445:5-10.
[4]Zale A V,Neves R J.Identification of a Host Fish for Alasmidonta minor(Mollusca:Unionidae)[J].American Midland Naturalist,1982,107(2):386-388.
[5]Lima P,Lima M L,Uthaiwan K,et al.A review on the“in vitro”culture of freshwater mussel(Unionoida)[J].Hydrobiologia,2012,691:21-33.
[6]Isom B G,Hudson R G.In vitro culture of parasitic freshwater mussel glochidia[J].The Nautilus,1982(4):147-151.
[7]Isom B G,Hudson R G.Freshwater Mussels and Their Fish Hosts;Physiological Aspects[J].The Journal of Parasitology,1984(2):318-319.
[8]Uthaiwan K,Pakkong P,Noparatnaraporn N,et al.Study of suitable fish plasma for in vitro culture of glochidia Hyriopsis myersiana[J].Aquaculture,2002,209(1-4):197-208.
[9]马学艳.褶纹冠蚌钩介幼虫体外培养及稚贝培育[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[10]田津方,魏青山.武汉南湖褶纹冠蚌性腺发育与繁殖周期[J].华中农业大学学报,1993,12(2):190-196.
[11]杨学芬,龚世园,张训蒲,等.绢丝丽蚌寄生变态发育的研究[J].应用生态学,2000,11(1):131-134.
[12]闻海波,顾若波,华丹,等.三角帆蚌钩介幼虫体外培养及变态稚贝的形态变化[J].武汉大学学报,2011,51(1):57-62.
[13]Uthaiwan K,Noparatnaraporn N,Machado J.Culture of glochidia of the freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis myersiana(Lea,1856)in artificial media[J].Aquaculture,2001,195(195):61-69.
[14]Lima P,Kovitvadhi U,Kovitvadhi S,et al.In vitro culture of glochidia from the freshwater mussel Anodonta cygnea[J].Invertebrate Biology,2006,(1):34-44.
[15]Kovitvadhi S,Kovitvadhi U,Sawangwong P,et al.Optimization of diet and culturing environment for larvae and juvenile freshwater pearl mussels,Hyriopsis(Limnoscapha)myersiana[J].Invertebrate Reproduction and Development,2006,49(1-2):61-70.
[16]Roberts A D,Barnhart M C.Effects of temperature,pH,and CO2on transformation of the glochidia of Anodonta suborbiculata on fish hosts and in vitro[J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,1999,18(4):477-487.
[17]孙儒泳,李庆芬,牛翠娟,等.基础生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:24-34.
[18]Ikemoto T.Possible existence of a common temperature and a common duration of development among members of a taxonomic group of arthropods that underwent speciational adaptation to temperature[J].Applied Entomology and Zoology,2003,38(4):487-492.
[19]Hua D,Neves R J,Jiao Y.Effects of algal density,water flow and substrate type on culturing juveniles of the rainbow mussel(Villosa iris)(Bivalvia:Unionidae)in a laboratory recirculating system[J].Aquaculture,2013,195(1-2):367-373.
[20]Owen C T.Investigations for the conservation and propagation of freshwater mussels[D].University of Louisville,Louisville.2009.
[21]Reece F T.Studies on the in vitro propagation of freshwater mussels with implications for improving juvenile health[D].North Carolina State University.2014.
[22]白志毅,李家乐,杨光.三角帆蚌钩介幼虫发育的生物学零度和有效积温初步研究[J].特产研究,2008,30(1):12-14.
[23]陈修报,杨健,闻海波,等.椭圆背角无齿蚌发育关键阶段形态结构以及寄生有效积温的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2010,33(4):100-104.
[24]张根芳,许式见,方爱萍.背瘤丽蚌钩介幼虫寄生变态发育和有效积温的研究[J].淡水渔业,2010,40(3):18-22.
[25]徐云涛.两种蚌类钩介幼虫选择性寄生机制的初步研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016.