螺蛳(Margarya melanioides)生物扰动对海菜花湿地底质的影响
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摘要
为探讨螺蛳(Margarya melanioides)生物扰动对海菜花湿地底质的影响,通过湿地模拟装置,研究了水力停留时间(HRT)为7 d和42 d条件下投放螺蛳对海菜花湿地底质理化性质、营养盐浓度及微生物的影响。结果表明:螺蛳对湿地表层0~3 cm底质生物扰动明显。HRT为7 d和42 d的湿地投放螺蛳均显著降低湿地表层0~3 cm底质的pH,同时使湿地表层0~7 cm底质ORP显著增加。在HRT为7 d条件下,投放螺蛳组湿地表层0~1 cm底质中有机质浓度显著低于对照组,较对照组降低了8.7%。在HRT为7 d和42 d条件下投放螺蛳组湿地表层0~1 cm底质中TN和TP的浓度均显著低于对照组,其中TN浓度分别降低了11.0%和3.9%;TP浓度分别降低了5.8%和3.2%。投放螺蛳明显增加了湿地表层底质中微生物数量,HRT为7 d和42 d的湿地细菌数量较对照组分别增加了32倍和5倍;放线菌数量较对照组分别增加了7倍和1倍。海菜花湿地中投放螺蛳可以改变湿地表层底质的pH和ORP,增加其中微生物的数量,同时对湿地底质中营养盐的去除发挥一定的正效益;HRT的增加有利于提高湿地表层底质的ORP及降低TP浓度。
The effect of Margarya melanioides( M. melanioides) bioturbation on the physical and chemical properties, nutrient content and microbes of the sediment of Ottelia acuminate constructed wetland was investigated through the simulation device of constructed wetland with two kinds of hydraulic retention time( HRT, 7 and 42 d).The results showed that M. melanioides bioturbation on the sediment was strengthen in the depth of 0-3 cm. M.melanioides significantly reduced the pH of the sediment in the depth 0-3 cm under both HRT 7 d and HRT 42 d situation, while increasing the oxidation-reduction potential( ORP) in the depth 0-7 cm significantly. Under HRT 7 d, the content of organic matter in the depth of 0-1 cm of sediment with M. melanioides-added group was significantly lower than that in the control group, which was 8. 7% lower. Under HRT 7 d and HRT 42 d, the TN and TP content of the test group sediment in the depth 0-1 cm were both significantly lower than the control group,where TN decreased by 11. 0%, 3. 9%, TP decreased by 5. 8%, 3. 2%, respectively. The amount of bacteria ofthe test group under HRT of 7 d and 42 d was increased by 32 times and 5 times respectively compared with the control group, while the amount of actinomycetes was increased by 7 times and 1 times, respectively. The addition of M. melanioides to the Ottelia acuminate constructed wetland might change the pH and ORP in the surface of sediment, improve the quantity of microorganisms, and play a positive role in the degradation of nutrients in surface sediment. In addition, increased HRT is beneficial to increase the redox conditions of the Ottelia acuminate constructed wetland and decrease the TP content in the sediment.
The effect of Margarya melanioides( M. melanioides) bioturbation on the physical and chemical properties, nutrient content and microbes of the sediment of Ottelia acuminate constructed wetland was investigated through the simulation device of constructed wetland with two kinds of hydraulic retention time( HRT, 7 and 42 d).The results showed that M. melanioides bioturbation on the sediment was strengthen in the depth of 0-3 cm. M.melanioides significantly reduced the pH of the sediment in the depth 0-3 cm under both HRT 7 d and HRT 42 d situation, while increasing the oxidation-reduction potential( ORP) in the depth 0-7 cm significantly. Under HRT 7 d, the content of organic matter in the depth of 0-1 cm of sediment with M. melanioides-added group was significantly lower than that in the control group, which was 8. 7% lower. Under HRT 7 d and HRT 42 d, the TN and TP content of the test group sediment in the depth 0-1 cm were both significantly lower than the control group,where TN decreased by 11. 0%, 3. 9%, TP decreased by 5. 8%, 3. 2%, respectively. The amount of bacteria ofthe test group under HRT of 7 d and 42 d was increased by 32 times and 5 times respectively compared with the control group, while the amount of actinomycetes was increased by 7 times and 1 times, respectively. The addition of M. melanioides to the Ottelia acuminate constructed wetland might change the pH and ORP in the surface of sediment, improve the quantity of microorganisms, and play a positive role in the degradation of nutrients in surface sediment. In addition, increased HRT is beneficial to increase the redox conditions of the Ottelia acuminate constructed wetland and decrease the TP content in the sediment.
引文
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[2]CHRISTENSEN M,BANTA G T,ANDERSEN O.Effects of the polychaetes Nereis diversicolor and Arenicola marina on the fate and distribution of pyrene in sediments[J].Marine Ecology Progress,2002,237(1):159-172.
[3]MEYSMAN,FILIP J R,MIDDELBUR G,et al.Bioturbation:a fresh look at Darwin’s last idea[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2006,21(12):688-695.
[4]PETERSEN K,KRISTENSEN E,BJERREGAARD P.Influence of bioturbating animals on flux of cadmium into estuarine sediment[J].Marine Environmental Research,1998,45(4):403-415.
[5]FERREIRA T O,OTERO X L,VIDAL-TORRADO P,et al.Effects of bioturbation by root and crab activity on iron and sulfur biogeochemistry in mangrove substrate[J].Geoderma,2007,142(1):36-46.
[6]HANSEN K,MOURIDSEN S,KRISTENSEN E.The impact of Chironomus plumosus larvae on organic matter decay and nutrient(N,P)exchange in a shallow eutrophic lake sediment following a phytoplankton sedimentation[J].Hydrobiologia,1997,364(1):65-74.
[7]GRANBERG M E,GUNNARSSON J S,HEDMAN J E,et al.Bioturbation-driven release of organic contaminants from Baltic Sea sediments mediated by the invading polychaete Marenzelleria neglecta[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(4):1058-1065.
[8]VIKTOR B,JORG L,STEFAN K.Bioturbation enhances the aerobic respiration of lake sediments in warming lakes[J].Biology Letters,2016,12(8):1-4.
[9]MAXIMOV A,BONSDORFF E,EREMINA T,et al.Contextdependent consequences of Marenzelleria spp.(Spionidae:Polychaeta)invasion for nutrient cycling in the Northern Baltic Sea[J].Oceanologia,2015,57(4):342-348.
[10]HOU Y R,SUN Y J,GAO Q F,et al.Effect of the bioturbation derived from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka)farming on the different occurrence forms of sedimentary inorganic carbon[J].Aquaculture,2017,480(Suppl C):108-115.
[11]储昭升,靳明,叶碧碧,等.海菜花-螺蛳经济湿地对农田低污染水的净化[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(6):975-980.CHU Z S,JIN M,YE B B,et al.Research on purification of lowlevel contaminated water by Ottelia acuminata-Margarya melanioides constructed wetland[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(6):975-980.
[12]BILKOVIC D M,MITCHELL M M.Ecological tradeoffs of stabilized salt marshes as a shoreline protection strategy:effects of artificial structures on macrobenthic assemblages[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,61(19):469-481.
[13]环境保护部.土壤总磷的测定碱熔-钼锑抗分光光度法:HJ632—2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[15]许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社.1986.
[16]朴武善,林俊哲.单因素方差分析[J].吉林医学情报,1991(3):30-31.
[17]HAKANSON L,BOULION V V.A general dynamic model to predict biomass and production of phytoplankton in lakes[J].Ecological Modelling,2003,165(2/3):285-301.
[18]MERMIL LOD-BLONDIN F,ROSENBERG R,FRANOISCARCAILLET F,et al.Influence of bioturbation by three benthic infaunal species on microbial communities and biogeochemical processes in marine sediment[J].Aquatic Microbial Ecology,2004,36(3):271-284.
[19]席与华.贵州威宁石炭纪的腹足类及古生态[J].古生物学报,1994(5):620-634.
[20]朱广伟,陈英旭.沉积物中有机质的环境行为研究进展[J].湖泊科学,2001(3):272-279.
[21]ARNDT S,J?RGENSEN B B,LAROWE D E,et al.Quantifying the degradation of organic matter in marine sediments:a review and synthesis[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2013,123(Suppl C):53-86.
[22]SCHAUS M H,VANNI M J,WISSING T E,et al.Nitrogen and phosphorus excretion by detritivorous gizzard shad in a reservoir ecosystem[J].Limnology&Oceanography,1997,42(6):1386-1397.
[23]GILBERT F,STORA G,BONIN P.Influence of bioturbation on denitrification activity in Mediterranean coastal sediments:an in situ experimental approach[J].Marine Ecology Progress,1998,163(8):99-107.
[24]BOSTROM B,ANDERSEN J M,FLEISCHER S,et al.Exchange of phosphorus across the sediment-water interface[J].Hydrobiologia,1988,170(1):229-244.
[25]CHEN M,DING S,LING L,et al.Kinetics of phosphorus release from sediments and its relationship with iron speciation influenced by the mussel(Corbicula fluminea)bioturbation[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,542:833.
[26]FUKUHARA H,YASUDA K.Phosphorus excretion by some zoobenthos in a eutrophic freshwater lake and its temperature dependency[J].Japanese Journal of Limnology(Rikusuigaku Zasshi),1985,46(4):287-296.
[27]INGERSOLL T L,BAKER L A.Nitratfe removal in wetland microcosms[J].Water Research,1998,32(3):677-684.
[28]MARTIN C D.Nutrient reduction in an in-series constructed wetland system treating landfill leachate[J].Water Science&Technology,1994,29(4):267-272.
[29]AMON R M W,HERNDL G J.Deposit feeding and sediment[J].Marine Ecology,2008,12(2):163-174.
[30]DANOVARO R,CORINALDESI C,LA ROSA T,et al.Aquaculture impact on benthic microbes and organic matter cycling in coastal mediterranean sediments:a synthesis[J].Chemistry and Ecology,2003,19(1):59-65.
[31]SONG Y,DENG S P,ACOSTAMARTIINEZ V,et al.Characterization of redox-related soil microbial communities along a river floodplain continuum by fatty acid methyl ester(FAME)and 16S rRNA genes[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2008,40(3):499-509.○