添加黄土或古土壤降低猪粪温室气体综合排放效应
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摘要
为了探究加土垫圈这一传统措施对控制畜禽粪便存贮过程中温室气体排放的作用,采用室内培养方法研究了添加黄土与古土壤对猪粪温室气体排放的影响及可能的作用机理。结果表明:与猪粪处理相比,添加黄土或古土壤处理的CO_2累积排放量降低了42.4%～64.3%,CH_4累积排放量降低了99.8%以上,但N_2O累积排放量增加了1.8～18.0倍,这与土壤对养分的保蓄作用及土壤添加后碳、氮底物的变化有关。总体而言,添加黄土或古土壤处理的全球增温潜势为猪粪对照的38.1%～67.0%,有效减少了猪粪的温室气体排放。与施用黄土相比,添加古土壤具有更好的减排效果,这与古土壤中具有吸附能力的物理性黏粒和游离态氧化铁含量较高有关,说明添加物类型的选择对减少畜禽粪便存贮阶段的温室气体排放具有重要作用。
Manure storage is an important process that influences greenhouse gas emissions when considering manure management practices. In order to better understand the possible mechanisms of adding loess to livestock housing and its effects on greenhouse gas emissions,an incubation experiment was carried out to study the effects of adding loess and paleosol to pig manure. The results showed that the cumulative release of CO_2 and CH_4 decreased by 42.4%～64.3% and by more than 99.8%, respectively. Compared to the control(pig manure without the addition of loess or paleosol), the loess and paleosol treatments show a 1.8 to 18.0-fold reduction in the cumulative N_2O emissions because of their soil retention abilities and dilution effects. The global warming potential of loess or paleosol treatments was approximately 38.1%～67.0%, compared to that of the control, indicating an effective reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. When compared to the loess treatment, the paleosol treatment had a greater effect on emission reduction owing to the higher content of physical clay and free iron oxide present in paleosol. We conclude that the selection of a suitable additive has an important impact on greenhouse gas emissions during manure storage.
Manure storage is an important process that influences greenhouse gas emissions when considering manure management practices. In order to better understand the possible mechanisms of adding loess to livestock housing and its effects on greenhouse gas emissions,an incubation experiment was carried out to study the effects of adding loess and paleosol to pig manure. The results showed that the cumulative release of CO_2 and CH_4 decreased by 42.4%～64.3% and by more than 99.8%, respectively. Compared to the control(pig manure without the addition of loess or paleosol), the loess and paleosol treatments show a 1.8 to 18.0-fold reduction in the cumulative N_2O emissions because of their soil retention abilities and dilution effects. The global warming potential of loess or paleosol treatments was approximately 38.1%～67.0%, compared to that of the control, indicating an effective reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. When compared to the loess treatment, the paleosol treatment had a greater effect on emission reduction owing to the higher content of physical clay and free iron oxide present in paleosol. We conclude that the selection of a suitable additive has an important impact on greenhouse gas emissions during manure storage.
引文
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[18]蔡祖聪.水分类型对土壤排放的温室气体组成和综合温室效应的影响[J].土壤学报,1999,36(4):484-491.CAI Zu-cong.Effects of water regime on CO2,CH4 and N2O emissions and overall potential for greenhouse effect caused by emitted gases[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1999,36(4):484-491.
[19]Hou H,Chen H,Cai H,et al.CO2 and N2O emissions from Lou soils of greenhouse tomato fields under aerated irrigation[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,132:69-76.
[20]Dong H,Zhu Z,Zhou Z,et al.Greenhouse gas emissions from swine manure stored at different stack heights[J].Animal Feed Science&Technology,2011,166/167(7):557-561.
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[22]Dennehy C,Lawlor P,Jiang Y,et al.Greenhouse gas emissions from different pig manure management techniques:A critical analysis[J].Frontiers of Environmental Science&Engineering,2017,11(3):3-18.
[23]陈瑞蕊,王一明,胡君利,等.畜禽粪便管理系统中甲烷的产排特征及减排对策[J].土壤学报,2012,49(4):815-823.CHEN Rui-rui,WANG Yi-ming,HU Jun-li,et al.Methane emission and mitigation strategies in animal manure management system[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2012,49(4):815-823.
[24]Mazzetto A M,Barneze A S,Feigl B J,et al.Temperature and moisture affect methane and nitrous oxide emission from bovine manure patches in tropical conditions[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2014,76:242-248.
[25]Ahn H K,Mulbry W,White J,et al.Pile mixing increases greenhouse gas emissions during composting of dairy manure[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):2904-2909.
[26]Philippe F X,Nicks B.Review on greenhouse gas emissions from pig houses:Production of carbon dioxide,methane and nitrous oxide by animals and manure[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2015,199:10-25.
[27]Rovira P,Vallejo V R.Physical protection and biochemical quality of organic matter in mediterranean calcareous forest soils:A density fractionation approach[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2003,35(2):245-261.
[28]刘满强,胡锋,陈小云.土壤有机碳稳定机制研究进展[J].生态学报,2007,27(6):2642-2650.LIU Man-qiang,HU Feng,CHEN Xiao-yun.A review on mechanisms of soil organic carbon stabilization[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(6):2642-2650.
[29]Cui J,Li Z,Liu Z,et al.Physical and chemical stabilization of soil organic carbon along a 500-year cultived soil chronosequence originating from estuarine wetlands:Temporal patterns and land use effects[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2014,196(14):10-20.
[30]Mikutta R,Schaumann G E,Gildemeister D,et al.Biogeochemistry of mineral-organic associations across a long-term mineralogical soil gradient(0.3-4100 kyr),Hawaiian Island[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2009,73(7):2034-2060.
[31]师焕芝,李福春,孙旭辉,等.洛川黄土/古土壤中有机碳的分布特征及其与粘土矿物的相关性[J].中国地质,2011,38(5):1355-1362.SHI Huan-zhi,LI Fu-chun,SUN Xu-hui,et al.Distribution of organic carbon in the Luochuan loess/paleosol and its relationship with clay minerals[J].Geology in China,2011,38(5):1355-1362.
[32]续勇波,蔡祖聪,雷宝坤.亚热带土壤反硝化过程中NO-3-N对CH4排放的影响[J].环境科学,2008,29(12):3513-3519.XU Yong-bo,CAI Zu-cong,LEI Bao-kun.Effects of NO-3-N on CH4emission during denitrification in subtropical soils[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(12):3513-3519.
[33]Rodhe L K K,Ascue J,Willén A,et al.Greenhouse gas emissions from storage and field application of anaerobically digested and nondigested cattle slurry[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2015,199:358-368.
[34]Yamulki S.Effect of straw addition on nitrous oxide and methane emissions from stored farmyard manures[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2006,112(2):140-145.387
[35]Wang J,Duan C,Ji Y,et al.Methane emissions during storage of different treatments from cattle manure in Tianjin[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(10):1564-1569.
[36]朱新梦,董雯怡,王洪媛,等.牛粪堆肥方式对温室气体和氨气排放的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(10):258-264.ZHU Xin-meng,DONG Wen-yi,WANG Hong-yuan,et al.Effects of cattle manure composting methods on greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(10):258-264.
[37]曾泽彬,朱波,朱雪梅,等.施肥对夏玉米季紫色土N2O排放及反硝化作用的影响[J].土壤学报,2013,50(1):130-137.ZENG Ze-bin,ZHU Bo,ZHU Xue-mei,et al.Effects of fertilization on N2O emission and denitrification in purple soil during summer maize season in the Sichuan basin[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(1):130-137.
[38]刘秋丽,马娟娟,孙西欢,等.土壤的硝化-反硝化作用因素研究进展[J].农业工程,2011,1(4):79-83.LIU Qiu-li,MA Juan-juan,SUN Xi-huan,et al.Reasearch advancement on soil nitrification-denitrification and its influencing factors[J].Agricultural Engineering,2011,1(4):79-83.
[2]Owen J J,Silver W L.Greenhouse gas emissions from dairy manure management:A review of field-based studies[J].Global Change Biology,2015,21(2):550-565.
[3]李江涛,钟晓兰,赵其国.畜禽粪便施用对稻麦轮作土壤质量的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(10):2837-2845.LI Jiang-tao,ZHONG Xiao-lan,ZHAO Qi-guo.Enhancement of soil quality in a rice-wheat rotation after long-term application of poultry litter and livestock manure[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(10):2837-2845.
[4]Chadwick D,Jia W,Tong Y,et al.Improving manure nutrient management towards sustainable agricultural intensification in China[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2015,209:34-46.
[5]周建斌.作物营养从有机肥到化肥的变化与反思[J].植物营养与肥20197料学报,2017,23(6):1686-1693.ZHOU Jian-bin.Reconsideration of the changes of plant nutrition from organic fertilizers to chemical fertilizers[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,23(6):1686-1693.
[6]陈芬,李伟,刘奋武,等.3种畜禽粪便产气特性差异分析[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(9):4540-4546.CHEN Fen,LI Wei,LIU Fen-wu,et al.Gas-producing variance analysis of different animal manures[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(9):4540-4546.
[7]印遇龙.大力发展生态养殖撬动大农业循环发展[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2017,33(3):8.YIN Yu-long.Vigorously develop ecological breeding and promote circular agricultural development[J].Chinese Abstracts of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2017,33(3):8.
[8]Petersen S O,Blanchard M,Chadwick D,et al.Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation[J].Animal,2013,7(Suppl2):266-282.
[9]Wang Y,Dong H,Zhu Z,et al.Mitigating greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from swine manure management:A system analysis[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,51(8):4503-4511.
[10]隋斌,孟海波,沈玉君,等.丹麦畜禽粪肥利用对中国种养结合循环农业发展的启示[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(12):1-7.SUI Bin,MENG Hai-bo,SHEN Yu-jun,et al.Utilization of livestock manure in Denmark and its inspiration for planting-breeding combined circular agricultural development in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(12):1-7.
[11]师倩云,李雪松,孟延,等.加入不同比例黄土对粪肥碳、氮养分保蓄的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(5):999-1005.SHI Qian-yun,LI Xue-song,MENG Yan,et al.Effects of loess additions on carbon and nitrogen retention in manures[J].Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2016,35(5):999-1005.
[12]刘更另,陈福兴,张启昭.加土垫圈沤制厩肥的研究[J].土壤通报,1966(2):11-14.LIU Geng-ling,CHEN Fu-xing,ZHANG Qi-zhao.The study of loess addition to swine lots for the retting of barnyard manure[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1966(2):11-14.
[13]Chen Q,Liu B,Wang J,et al.Diversity and dynamics of the bacterial community involved in pig manure biodegradation in a microbial fermentation bed system[J].Annals of Microbiology,2017,67:491-500.
[14]胡海燕,于勇,张玉静,等.发酵床养猪废弃垫料的资源化利用评价[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(1):252-258.HU Hai-yan,YU Yong,ZHANG Yu-jing,et al.Evaluation on resource utilization of litters in pig-on-litter farming system[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2013,19(1):252-258.
[15]刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.LIU Dong-sheng.Loess and environment[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985.
[16]Plaza-Bonilla D,Cantero-Martínez C,álvaro-Fuentes J.Soil management effects on greenhouse gases production at the macroaggregate scale[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2014,68(1):471-481.
[17]IPCC.Climate change 2007:The physical science basis.Contribution of working groupⅠto the fourth assessment report of the IPCC[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007.
[18]蔡祖聪.水分类型对土壤排放的温室气体组成和综合温室效应的影响[J].土壤学报,1999,36(4):484-491.CAI Zu-cong.Effects of water regime on CO2,CH4 and N2O emissions and overall potential for greenhouse effect caused by emitted gases[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1999,36(4):484-491.
[19]Hou H,Chen H,Cai H,et al.CO2 and N2O emissions from Lou soils of greenhouse tomato fields under aerated irrigation[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,132:69-76.
[20]Dong H,Zhu Z,Zhou Z,et al.Greenhouse gas emissions from swine manure stored at different stack heights[J].Animal Feed Science&Technology,2011,166/167(7):557-561.
[21]Rodhe L K K,Abubaker J,Ascue J,et al.Greenhouse gas emissions from pig slurry during storage and after field application in northern European conditions[J].Biosystems Engineering,2012,113(4):379-394.
[22]Dennehy C,Lawlor P,Jiang Y,et al.Greenhouse gas emissions from different pig manure management techniques:A critical analysis[J].Frontiers of Environmental Science&Engineering,2017,11(3):3-18.
[23]陈瑞蕊,王一明,胡君利,等.畜禽粪便管理系统中甲烷的产排特征及减排对策[J].土壤学报,2012,49(4):815-823.CHEN Rui-rui,WANG Yi-ming,HU Jun-li,et al.Methane emission and mitigation strategies in animal manure management system[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2012,49(4):815-823.
[24]Mazzetto A M,Barneze A S,Feigl B J,et al.Temperature and moisture affect methane and nitrous oxide emission from bovine manure patches in tropical conditions[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2014,76:242-248.
[25]Ahn H K,Mulbry W,White J,et al.Pile mixing increases greenhouse gas emissions during composting of dairy manure[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):2904-2909.
[26]Philippe F X,Nicks B.Review on greenhouse gas emissions from pig houses:Production of carbon dioxide,methane and nitrous oxide by animals and manure[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2015,199:10-25.
[27]Rovira P,Vallejo V R.Physical protection and biochemical quality of organic matter in mediterranean calcareous forest soils:A density fractionation approach[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2003,35(2):245-261.
[28]刘满强,胡锋,陈小云.土壤有机碳稳定机制研究进展[J].生态学报,2007,27(6):2642-2650.LIU Man-qiang,HU Feng,CHEN Xiao-yun.A review on mechanisms of soil organic carbon stabilization[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(6):2642-2650.
[29]Cui J,Li Z,Liu Z,et al.Physical and chemical stabilization of soil organic carbon along a 500-year cultived soil chronosequence originating from estuarine wetlands:Temporal patterns and land use effects[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2014,196(14):10-20.
[30]Mikutta R,Schaumann G E,Gildemeister D,et al.Biogeochemistry of mineral-organic associations across a long-term mineralogical soil gradient(0.3-4100 kyr),Hawaiian Island[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2009,73(7):2034-2060.
[31]师焕芝,李福春,孙旭辉,等.洛川黄土/古土壤中有机碳的分布特征及其与粘土矿物的相关性[J].中国地质,2011,38(5):1355-1362.SHI Huan-zhi,LI Fu-chun,SUN Xu-hui,et al.Distribution of organic carbon in the Luochuan loess/paleosol and its relationship with clay minerals[J].Geology in China,2011,38(5):1355-1362.
[32]续勇波,蔡祖聪,雷宝坤.亚热带土壤反硝化过程中NO-3-N对CH4排放的影响[J].环境科学,2008,29(12):3513-3519.XU Yong-bo,CAI Zu-cong,LEI Bao-kun.Effects of NO-3-N on CH4emission during denitrification in subtropical soils[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(12):3513-3519.
[33]Rodhe L K K,Ascue J,Willén A,et al.Greenhouse gas emissions from storage and field application of anaerobically digested and nondigested cattle slurry[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2015,199:358-368.
[34]Yamulki S.Effect of straw addition on nitrous oxide and methane emissions from stored farmyard manures[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2006,112(2):140-145.387
[35]Wang J,Duan C,Ji Y,et al.Methane emissions during storage of different treatments from cattle manure in Tianjin[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(10):1564-1569.
[36]朱新梦,董雯怡,王洪媛,等.牛粪堆肥方式对温室气体和氨气排放的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(10):258-264.ZHU Xin-meng,DONG Wen-yi,WANG Hong-yuan,et al.Effects of cattle manure composting methods on greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(10):258-264.
[37]曾泽彬,朱波,朱雪梅,等.施肥对夏玉米季紫色土N2O排放及反硝化作用的影响[J].土壤学报,2013,50(1):130-137.ZENG Ze-bin,ZHU Bo,ZHU Xue-mei,et al.Effects of fertilization on N2O emission and denitrification in purple soil during summer maize season in the Sichuan basin[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(1):130-137.
[38]刘秋丽,马娟娟,孙西欢,等.土壤的硝化-反硝化作用因素研究进展[J].农业工程,2011,1(4):79-83.LIU Qiu-li,MA Juan-juan,SUN Xi-huan,et al.Reasearch advancement on soil nitrification-denitrification and its influencing factors[J].Agricultural Engineering,2011,1(4):79-83.