海马齿生态浮床中泥蚶的生物沉积与呼吸排泄研究
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摘要
为了研究夏季与秋季泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)在海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)生态浮床中生理生态活动,利用生物沉积物捕集器与密闭式代谢瓶,对海马齿生态浮床中不同规格泥蚶的生物沉积速率、耗氧率、排氨率和排磷率进行现场实验。结果表明,不同规格泥蚶生物沉积速率、耗氧率、排氨率和排磷率在夏、秋季有明显变化,相同规格泥蚶夏季均大于秋季,相同季节表现为:大个体组>中个体组>小个体组。夏季和秋季,泥蚶生物沉积速率变化范围分别为0.31~1.09 g/(ind·d)、0.09~0.65 g/(ind·d),耗氧率变化范围分别10.29~19.10 mg/(ind·d)、6.51~13.56 mg/(ind·d),排氨率变化范围分别为0.76~2.63 mg/(ind·d)、0.06~0.28 mg/(ind·d),排磷率变化范围分0.05~0.18 mg/(ind·d)、0.01~0.03 mg/(ind·d)。方差分析显示,季节、龄期及两者交互作用对泥蚶生物沉积速率、耗氧率、排氨率及排磷率均有显著影响。
To better understand the physioecology of blood clams( Tegillarca granosa),the rates of biodeposition,oxygen consumption,ammonia excretion and phosphate excretion were measured in-situ under a floating bed of shoreline purslane( Sesuvium portulacastrum) during the summer( June,July) and autumn( October,November)of 2015. Our results provide methods and a theoretical basis for ecological remediation of small water bodies using a floating bed of Sesuvium portulacastrum with a blood clam culture of appropriate size. The field investigation was carried out in an area of 66. 66 hm~2( 1. 2 m water depth) with 10% of the total area covered by floating Sesuvium portulacastrum. Three groups of blood clams varying in size( large: 34. 64-37. 64 mm; medium: 31. 76-32. 90 mm; small: 26. 30-29. 26 mm) and a control group( no blood clams) were set,in triplicate,at different locations,biodeposition and the respiration and excretion rates were determined for each group. Five to eight blood clams of a given size were placed in sediment traps and placed under a floating bed of Sesuvium portulacastrum. After 3-5 days,the blood clams were taken out and the amount of biodeposition,total carbon( TC),total nitrogen( TN),organic carbon( OC) and organic nitrogen( ON) were measured in each sediment trap. To determine the respiration and excretion rates of the blood clam,two to four blood clams of different size were each placed in a sealed glass bottle filled with the pond water. The bottles were sealed and placed in the bottom of the pond after the blood clams began to breathe and dissolved oxygen,NH+4-N and PO_3-4-P were determined after 24 hours. The ranges of biodeposition,oxygen consumption,ammonia excretion and phosphate excretion rates in summer were,respectively,0. 31-1. 09 g/( ind · d),10. 29-19. 10 mg/( ind · d),0. 76-2. 63 mg/( ind · d),0. 05-0. 18 mg/( ind·d) and,in autumn,the corresponding values were 0. 09-0. 65 g/( ind·d),6. 51-13. 56 mg/( ind·d),0. 06-0. 28 mg/( ind·d) and 0. 01-0. 03 mg/( ind·d). One-way analysis of variance( ANOVA)was used to test for significant differences. The rates of biodeposition,oxygen consumption,ammonia excretion and phosphate excretion of all three blood clam groups were significantly higher in the summer than in autumn and the rates for the blood clam groups all followed the same order in summer and autumn: large > medium > small. Seasonality,the size of blood clam and their interactions significantly influenced the rates of biodeposition,respiration and excretion of blood clams.
To better understand the physioecology of blood clams( Tegillarca granosa),the rates of biodeposition,oxygen consumption,ammonia excretion and phosphate excretion were measured in-situ under a floating bed of shoreline purslane( Sesuvium portulacastrum) during the summer( June,July) and autumn( October,November)of 2015. Our results provide methods and a theoretical basis for ecological remediation of small water bodies using a floating bed of Sesuvium portulacastrum with a blood clam culture of appropriate size. The field investigation was carried out in an area of 66. 66 hm~2( 1. 2 m water depth) with 10% of the total area covered by floating Sesuvium portulacastrum. Three groups of blood clams varying in size( large: 34. 64-37. 64 mm; medium: 31. 76-32. 90 mm; small: 26. 30-29. 26 mm) and a control group( no blood clams) were set,in triplicate,at different locations,biodeposition and the respiration and excretion rates were determined for each group. Five to eight blood clams of a given size were placed in sediment traps and placed under a floating bed of Sesuvium portulacastrum. After 3-5 days,the blood clams were taken out and the amount of biodeposition,total carbon( TC),total nitrogen( TN),organic carbon( OC) and organic nitrogen( ON) were measured in each sediment trap. To determine the respiration and excretion rates of the blood clam,two to four blood clams of different size were each placed in a sealed glass bottle filled with the pond water. The bottles were sealed and placed in the bottom of the pond after the blood clams began to breathe and dissolved oxygen,NH+4-N and PO_3-4-P were determined after 24 hours. The ranges of biodeposition,oxygen consumption,ammonia excretion and phosphate excretion rates in summer were,respectively,0. 31-1. 09 g/( ind · d),10. 29-19. 10 mg/( ind · d),0. 76-2. 63 mg/( ind · d),0. 05-0. 18 mg/( ind·d) and,in autumn,the corresponding values were 0. 09-0. 65 g/( ind·d),6. 51-13. 56 mg/( ind·d),0. 06-0. 28 mg/( ind·d) and 0. 01-0. 03 mg/( ind·d). One-way analysis of variance( ANOVA)was used to test for significant differences. The rates of biodeposition,oxygen consumption,ammonia excretion and phosphate excretion of all three blood clam groups were significantly higher in the summer than in autumn and the rates for the blood clam groups all followed the same order in summer and autumn: large > medium > small. Seasonality,the size of blood clam and their interactions significantly influenced the rates of biodeposition,respiration and excretion of blood clams.
引文
常杰,2006.对虾、青蛤和江蓠不同混养系统氮磷收支的实验研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学.
陈肖肖,高业田,吴洪喜,等,2013.重金属Cd2+和Cu2+胁迫下泥蚶消化酶活性的变化[J].生态学报,33(24):7690-7698.
焦海峰,项翔,尤仲杰,等,2013.泥蚶、缢蛏和僧帽牡蛎呼吸与排泄的周年变化[J].海洋学报,35(6):147-153.
刘鹏,周毅,王峰,等,2014.浅水区(潮间带)滤食性贝类生物沉积的现场测定[J].海洋与湖沼,34(22):254-258.
刘勇,施坤涛,张少华,等,2007.双壳贝类呼吸代谢的研究进展[J].南方水产,3(4):65-69.
毛玉泽,2004.桑沟湾滤食性贝类养殖对环境的影响及其生态调控[D].青岛:中国海洋大学:85-92.
钱雪骏,董迎辉,姚韩韩,等,2015.泥蚶Smad 1/5基因c DNA全长克隆及时空表达特征分析[J].水产学报,39(9):1302-1311.
邱银,蔡欢欢,王东旭,等,2011.海参养殖池中毛蚶生物沉积作用的研究[J].河北渔业,(7):8-10,38.
唐昌林,1996.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社:30-32.
滕爽爽,柴雪良,张炯明,等,2012.乐清湾围塘养殖泥蚶繁殖周期与环境因子的关系[J].中国农学通报,28(35):75-81.
王娟娟,包永波,王素芳,等,2015.泥蚶血红蛋白异源四聚体酶解多肽抗菌活性及其机理研究[J].海洋学报,37(12):106-115.
王俊,姜祖辉,陈瑞盛,2005a.太平洋牡蛎生物沉积作用的研究[J].水产学报,29(3):344-349.
王俊,姜祖辉,陈瑞盛,2005b.厚壳贻贝的同化率及其生物沉积作用[J].中国水产科学,12(2):150-155.
王如才,王昭萍,张建中,1993.海水贝类养殖学[M].青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社:275-290.
王素芳,包永波,施淼江,等,2014.泥蚶血红蛋白的制备及其抗菌活性研究[J].海洋学报,36(12):67-73.
王晓宇,周毅,杨红生,2011.胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)呼吸排泄作用的现场研究[J].海洋与湖沼,42(5):722-727.
王召根,吴洪喜,陈肖肖,等,2013.年龄和环境条件对泥蚶富集重金属镉和铜的影响[J].生态学报,33(21):6869-6875.
温扬敏,高如承,2009.泥蚶的营养与药用价值[J].经济动物学报,13(3):168-169.
文海翔,张涛,杨红生,等,2004.温度对硬壳蛤Mercenaria mercenaria(Linnaeus,1758)呼吸排泄的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,35(6):549-554.
张安国,袁秀堂,侯文久,等,2014.文蛤的生物沉积和呼吸排泄过程及其在双台子河口水层-底栖系统中的耦合作用[J].生态学报,34(22):6573-6582.
周毅,杨红生,2002.应用于贝类生理生态学研究的生物沉积法[J].生态学杂志,21(6):74-76.
周毅,杨红生,张福绥,2003.海水双壳贝类的N、P排泄及其生态效应[J].中国水产科学,10(2):165-168.
Asmus H,Asmus R M,Zubillaga G F,1994.Do mussel beds intensify the phosphorus exchange between sediment and tidal waters[J].Ophelia,41:37-55.
Bougrier S,Gealron P,Deslons P J M,et al,1995.Allometricrelationships and effects of temperature on clearance andoxygen consumption rates of Crassostrea gigas Thunberg[J].Aquaculture,134:143-154.
Cockcroft A C,1990.Nitrogen excretion by the surf zone bivalves Donax serra and D.sordulus[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,60:57-65.
Dame R F,2011.Ecology of marine bivalves:an ecosystem approach[M].CRC Press.
Grasshoff K,Erhardt M,Kremling K,et al,1983.Methods o Seawater Analysis[M].Weiheim,Germany:Verlag Chemie:12.
Haven D S,Morales-Alamo R,1972.Biodeposition as a factor in sedimentation of fine suspended solids in estuaries[A].In:Environmental Framework of Coastal Plain Estuaries,133:121-130.
Hawkins A J S,Bayne B L,Bougrier S,et al,1998.Some general relationshipsin comparing the feeding physiology of suspension feeding bivalvemolluscs[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,219(1/2):87-103.
Huang S C,Newell R,2002.Seasonal variations in the rates of aquatic and aerial respiration and ammonium excretion of the ribbed mussel,Geukensia demissa(Dillwyn)[J].Journalof Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,270(2):241-255.
Jφprgensen C B,1990.Bivalve filter feeding revisited[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,142:287-302.
Mitchell I M,2006.In situ biodeposition rates of pacific oysters(Crassostrea gigas)on a marine farm in Southern Tasmania(Australia)[J].Aquaculture,257(1/4):194-203.
Shumway S E,Koehn R K,1982.Oxygen consumption in the American oyster Crassostrea virginca[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,9:59-68.
Smaal A C,Vonck A P M A,1997.Seasonal variation in C,Nand P budgets and tissue composition of the mussel Mytiluse dulis[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,153:167-179.
Yuan X T,Zhang M J,Liang Y B,et al,2010.Self-pollutant loading from a suspension aquaculture system of Japanesescallop(Patinopectenyessoensis)in the Changhai sea area Northern Yellow Sea of China[J].Aquaculture,304(1/4):79-87.
Zhou Y,Zhang F S,Yang H S,et al,2003.Comparison of effectiveness of different ashing auxiliaries for determination of phosphorus in natural waters,aquatic organism and sediment by ignition method[J].Water Research,37:3875-3882.
Zhou Y,Yang H S,Zhang T,et al,2006.Influence of filtering and biodeposition by the cultured scallop Chlamys farreri on benthic-pelagic coupling in a eutrophic bay in China[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,317:127-141.
Zhou Y,Yang H S,Zhang T,et al,2006.Density-dependent effects on seston dynamics and rates of filtering and biodeposition of the suspension-cultured scallop Chlamysfarreri in a eutrophic bay(northern China):an experimental study in semi-in situ flow-through systems[J].Journal of Marine System,59(1/2):143-158.
陈肖肖,高业田,吴洪喜,等,2013.重金属Cd2+和Cu2+胁迫下泥蚶消化酶活性的变化[J].生态学报,33(24):7690-7698.
焦海峰,项翔,尤仲杰,等,2013.泥蚶、缢蛏和僧帽牡蛎呼吸与排泄的周年变化[J].海洋学报,35(6):147-153.
刘鹏,周毅,王峰,等,2014.浅水区(潮间带)滤食性贝类生物沉积的现场测定[J].海洋与湖沼,34(22):254-258.
刘勇,施坤涛,张少华,等,2007.双壳贝类呼吸代谢的研究进展[J].南方水产,3(4):65-69.
毛玉泽,2004.桑沟湾滤食性贝类养殖对环境的影响及其生态调控[D].青岛:中国海洋大学:85-92.
钱雪骏,董迎辉,姚韩韩,等,2015.泥蚶Smad 1/5基因c DNA全长克隆及时空表达特征分析[J].水产学报,39(9):1302-1311.
邱银,蔡欢欢,王东旭,等,2011.海参养殖池中毛蚶生物沉积作用的研究[J].河北渔业,(7):8-10,38.
唐昌林,1996.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社:30-32.
滕爽爽,柴雪良,张炯明,等,2012.乐清湾围塘养殖泥蚶繁殖周期与环境因子的关系[J].中国农学通报,28(35):75-81.
王娟娟,包永波,王素芳,等,2015.泥蚶血红蛋白异源四聚体酶解多肽抗菌活性及其机理研究[J].海洋学报,37(12):106-115.
王俊,姜祖辉,陈瑞盛,2005a.太平洋牡蛎生物沉积作用的研究[J].水产学报,29(3):344-349.
王俊,姜祖辉,陈瑞盛,2005b.厚壳贻贝的同化率及其生物沉积作用[J].中国水产科学,12(2):150-155.
王如才,王昭萍,张建中,1993.海水贝类养殖学[M].青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社:275-290.
王素芳,包永波,施淼江,等,2014.泥蚶血红蛋白的制备及其抗菌活性研究[J].海洋学报,36(12):67-73.
王晓宇,周毅,杨红生,2011.胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)呼吸排泄作用的现场研究[J].海洋与湖沼,42(5):722-727.
王召根,吴洪喜,陈肖肖,等,2013.年龄和环境条件对泥蚶富集重金属镉和铜的影响[J].生态学报,33(21):6869-6875.
温扬敏,高如承,2009.泥蚶的营养与药用价值[J].经济动物学报,13(3):168-169.
文海翔,张涛,杨红生,等,2004.温度对硬壳蛤Mercenaria mercenaria(Linnaeus,1758)呼吸排泄的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,35(6):549-554.
张安国,袁秀堂,侯文久,等,2014.文蛤的生物沉积和呼吸排泄过程及其在双台子河口水层-底栖系统中的耦合作用[J].生态学报,34(22):6573-6582.
周毅,杨红生,2002.应用于贝类生理生态学研究的生物沉积法[J].生态学杂志,21(6):74-76.
周毅,杨红生,张福绥,2003.海水双壳贝类的N、P排泄及其生态效应[J].中国水产科学,10(2):165-168.
Asmus H,Asmus R M,Zubillaga G F,1994.Do mussel beds intensify the phosphorus exchange between sediment and tidal waters[J].Ophelia,41:37-55.
Bougrier S,Gealron P,Deslons P J M,et al,1995.Allometricrelationships and effects of temperature on clearance andoxygen consumption rates of Crassostrea gigas Thunberg[J].Aquaculture,134:143-154.
Cockcroft A C,1990.Nitrogen excretion by the surf zone bivalves Donax serra and D.sordulus[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,60:57-65.
Dame R F,2011.Ecology of marine bivalves:an ecosystem approach[M].CRC Press.
Grasshoff K,Erhardt M,Kremling K,et al,1983.Methods o Seawater Analysis[M].Weiheim,Germany:Verlag Chemie:12.
Haven D S,Morales-Alamo R,1972.Biodeposition as a factor in sedimentation of fine suspended solids in estuaries[A].In:Environmental Framework of Coastal Plain Estuaries,133:121-130.
Hawkins A J S,Bayne B L,Bougrier S,et al,1998.Some general relationshipsin comparing the feeding physiology of suspension feeding bivalvemolluscs[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,219(1/2):87-103.
Huang S C,Newell R,2002.Seasonal variations in the rates of aquatic and aerial respiration and ammonium excretion of the ribbed mussel,Geukensia demissa(Dillwyn)[J].Journalof Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,270(2):241-255.
Jφprgensen C B,1990.Bivalve filter feeding revisited[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,142:287-302.
Mitchell I M,2006.In situ biodeposition rates of pacific oysters(Crassostrea gigas)on a marine farm in Southern Tasmania(Australia)[J].Aquaculture,257(1/4):194-203.
Shumway S E,Koehn R K,1982.Oxygen consumption in the American oyster Crassostrea virginca[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,9:59-68.
Smaal A C,Vonck A P M A,1997.Seasonal variation in C,Nand P budgets and tissue composition of the mussel Mytiluse dulis[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,153:167-179.
Yuan X T,Zhang M J,Liang Y B,et al,2010.Self-pollutant loading from a suspension aquaculture system of Japanesescallop(Patinopectenyessoensis)in the Changhai sea area Northern Yellow Sea of China[J].Aquaculture,304(1/4):79-87.
Zhou Y,Zhang F S,Yang H S,et al,2003.Comparison of effectiveness of different ashing auxiliaries for determination of phosphorus in natural waters,aquatic organism and sediment by ignition method[J].Water Research,37:3875-3882.
Zhou Y,Yang H S,Zhang T,et al,2006.Influence of filtering and biodeposition by the cultured scallop Chlamys farreri on benthic-pelagic coupling in a eutrophic bay in China[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,317:127-141.
Zhou Y,Yang H S,Zhang T,et al,2006.Density-dependent effects on seston dynamics and rates of filtering and biodeposition of the suspension-cultured scallop Chlamysfarreri in a eutrophic bay(northern China):an experimental study in semi-in situ flow-through systems[J].Journal of Marine System,59(1/2):143-158.