南海南部礼乐盆地上渐新统—下中新统生物礁生长模式及分布规律
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摘要
生物礁具有良好的油气聚集能力,故一直是石油地质学家关注的焦点。礼乐盆地具有优良的成礁条件,但受限于资料品质,生物礁的研究仅仅处在起步阶段。本文借助重新处理的2D地震数据,利用地质-地球物理精细刻画技术,对礼乐盆地T70—T50时期生物礁进行了精细解剖。研究认为,T70—T60时期是礁体初始发育阶段,T60—T50时期是礁体主发育阶段。盆内可以识别出断棱型和断垒型两种礁体结构模型,其中断棱型又细分为多棱型和单棱型。断棱型是研究区的主要礁体构型。礁体的空间生长表现为侧向退积和垂向加积耦合过程。礁体结构可以细分为6期生长单元,前三期是加积慢退型生长,后三期为快退型生长。礁体的空间展布形态与生长速度受海平面升降、可容纳空间变化和古地貌形态联合控制。
As a good reservoir for hydrocarbon accumulation,reefs have become a major concern of petroleum geologists for many years.The Liyue Basin in South China Sea is an excellent place for reef development.However,since lack of data,especially high quality seismic data,the research of Liyue Basin still remains in an initial stage up to date.This time,based on the re-processed2 D seismic data,using the up to date geological-geophysical analysis techniques,we studied the reef deposits during the period of T70-T50 in the Liyue Basin.It is found that reefs started growing in the time of T70-T60 and entered a booming stage in the period of T60-T50.Both hummocky shaped and lenticular reefs are discovered.The hummocky shaped reefs,which dominate the research area,can be further divided into single and multiple according to the number of hummocky structures.The growth of hummocky reefs is a combination of lateral retrogression and vertical accretion.From the view point of internal structure,the reef can be subdivided into 6 growth units,the first 3 stages shows a slow retrogression and the last 3 stages are the stages of rapid growth.The growth rate of the reefs is jointly controlled by sea level fluctuation,accommodation space and paleogeography.
As a good reservoir for hydrocarbon accumulation,reefs have become a major concern of petroleum geologists for many years.The Liyue Basin in South China Sea is an excellent place for reef development.However,since lack of data,especially high quality seismic data,the research of Liyue Basin still remains in an initial stage up to date.This time,based on the re-processed2 D seismic data,using the up to date geological-geophysical analysis techniques,we studied the reef deposits during the period of T70-T50 in the Liyue Basin.It is found that reefs started growing in the time of T70-T60 and entered a booming stage in the period of T60-T50.Both hummocky shaped and lenticular reefs are discovered.The hummocky shaped reefs,which dominate the research area,can be further divided into single and multiple according to the number of hummocky structures.The growth of hummocky reefs is a combination of lateral retrogression and vertical accretion.From the view point of internal structure,the reef can be subdivided into 6 growth units,the first 3 stages shows a slow retrogression and the last 3 stages are the stages of rapid growth.The growth rate of the reefs is jointly controlled by sea level fluctuation,accommodation space and paleogeography.
引文
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[3] Chip S,Patrick P,Jian D L.Liuhua 11-1Field,South China Sea:A shallow carbonate reservoir eveloped using ultrahighresolution 3Dseismic,inversion,and attribute-based reservoir modeling[J].The Leading Edge,2011,19(8):834-844.
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[10] Ronchi P,Ortenzi A,Borromeo O,et al.Depositional setting and diagenetic processes and their impact on the reservoir quality in the Late Visean-Bashkirian Kashagan carbonate platform(Pre-Caspian Basin,Kazakhstan)[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(9):1313-1348.
[11] Harris P M.Delineating and quantifying depositional facies patterns in carbonate reservoirs:in sight from modern analogs[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(1):61-86.
[12] Snyder W,ClaudeSpinosa,Davydov V,et al.Petroleum geology of the Southern Pre-Uralian Fore deep with reference to the Northeastern Pre-Caspian Basin[J].International Geology Review,1994,36(5):452-472.
[13] Vest E L.Oil fields of Pennsylvanian-Permian Horseshoe at Oil,West Texas[M]//Halbouty M.T.Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields.AAPG Memoir,1970:185-203.
[14] Wu S,Yuan S,Zhang G,et al.Seismic characteristics of a reef carbonate reservoir and implications for hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater of the Qiongdongnan Basin,Northern South China Sea[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2008,26(6):817-823.
[15] Yao Y,Liu H,Yang C,et al.Characteristics and evolution of Cenozoic sediments in the Liyue Basin,SE South China Sea[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,60(Complete):114-129.
[16] Ma Y Z,Seto A,Gomez E.Depositional facies analysis and modeling of the Judy Creek reef complex of the Upper Devonian Swan Hills,Alberta,Canada:Reply[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,93(9):1235-1256.
[17] Zampetti V,Schlager W.Architecture and growth history of a Miocene carbonate plateform from 3Dseismic reflection data:Luconia Province,Offshore Sarawak,Malaysia[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(5):517-534.
[18] Vahrenkamp V C.Miocene carbonates of the Luconia Province,offshore Sarawak:implication for regional geology and reservoir properties from Strontium-isotope stratigraphy[J].Geological Society of Malaysia,1998(42):1-13.
[19]陈国威.南海生物礁及礁油气藏形成的基本特征[J].海洋地质动态,2003,19(8):32-37.[CHEN Guowei.Basic characteristics of formation of bioherm and reef oil-gas pools in the South China Sea[J].Marine Geology Letters,2003,19(8):32-37.]
[20]陈雷,陆永潮,王振峰.南海西部深水区台缘结构、生物礁发育特征及控制因素分析[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(6):607-612.[CHEN Lei,LU Yongchao,WANG Zhenfeng,et al.Structure of carbonate platform margin and characteristics of reef and their controlling factors in western deep-water region of South China Sea[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2011,33(6):607-612.]
[21]方念乔,刘豪,李琦,等.南海新生代碳酸盐沉积与区域构造演化[J].地学前缘,2013,20(5):227-234.[FANG Nianqiao,LIU Hao,LI Qi,et al.The pattern of carbonate sedimentation and its relation to the evolution of the South China Sea in Cenozoic[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(5):227-234.]
[22]吕炳全,徐国强,王红罡,等.南海新生代碳酸盐台地淹没事件记录的海底扩张[J].地质科学,2002,37(4):405-414.[LV Bingquan,XU Guoqiang,WANG Honggang,et al.Sea floor spreading recorded by drowning events of Cenozoic carbonate platforms in the South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2002,37(4):405-414.]
[23]吕彩丽,姚永坚,吴时国,等.南沙海区万安盆地中新世碳酸盐台地的地震响应与沉积特征[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):931-938.[LV Caili,YAO Yongjian,WU Shiguo,et al.Seismic responses and sedimentary characteristics of the Miocene Wan'an carbonate platform in the Southern South China Sea[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2011,36(5):931-938.]
[24]李鹏春,赵中贤,张翠梅,等.南沙海域礼乐盆地沉积过程和演化[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):837-844.[LI Pengchun,ZHAO Zhongxian,ZAHNG Cuimei,et al.Depositional process and evolution of Liyue Basin in Southern South China Sea[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2011,36(5):837-844.]
[25]马玉波,吴时国,杜晓慧,等.西沙碳酸盐岩建隆发育模式及其主控因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(4):59-67.[MA Yubo,WU Shiguo,DU Xiaohui,et al.Evolutionary model and control factors of Xisha carbonate buildup[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2011,31(4):59-67.]
[26]马玉波,吴时国,谷明峰,等.西沙海区碳酸盐台地地震反射特征及沉积模式[J].海洋学报,2010,32(4):118-128.[MA Yubo,WU Shihuo,GU Mingfeng,et al.Seismic reflection characteristics and depositional model of carbonate platforms in Xisha sea area[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2010,32(4):118-128.]
[27]曾鼎乾.北部湾石炭纪礁油藏简介[M]//中国生物礁与油气.北京:海洋出版社,1996:152-156.[ZENG Dingqian.The introduction to the carboniferous reef reservoir in Beibu Bay[M]//The Reef and Oil Gas Resource in China.Beijing:China Ocean Press,1996:152-156.]
[28]吴时国,袁圣强,董冬冬,等.南海北部深水区中新世生物礁发育特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(2):117-121.[WU Shiguo,YUAN Shengqiang,DONG Dongdong,et al.The Miocene reef development characteristics in Northern South China Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2009,40(2):117-121.]
[29]吴时国,赵学燕,董冬冬,等.南沙海区礼乐盆地碳酸盐台地地震响应及发育演化[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):807-814.[WU Shiguo,ZHAO Xueyuan,DONG Dongdong,et al.Seismic response and development of carbonate platform in Liyue Basin,Nansha Sea Area[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2011,36(5):807-814.]
[30]卫平生,刘全新,张景廉,等.再论生物礁与大油气田的关系[J].石油学报,2006,27(2):38-42.[WEI Pingsheng,LIU Quanxin,ZHANG Jinglian,et al.Re discussion of relationship between reef and giant oil gas fields[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(2):38-42.]
[31]魏喜,邓晋福,谢文彦,等.南海盆地演化对生物礁的控制及礁油气藏勘探潜力分析[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):245-252.[WEI Xi,DENG Jinfu,XIE Wenyan,et al.Constraints on biogenetic reef formation during evolution of the South China Sea and exploration potential analysis[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):245-252.]
[32]魏喜.西沙海域晚新生代礁相碳酸盐岩形成条件及油气勘探前景[D].中国地质大学(北京),2006.[WEI Xi.Forming condition of Late-Cenozoic reef facies carbonate rocks in Xisha Sea Area and their oil and gas exploration potential[D].China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2006.]
[33]张广旭,吴时国,朱伟林,等.南海北部陆坡流花碳酸盐台地地球物理响应[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(4):105-112.[ZHANG Guangxu,WU Shiguo,ZHU Weilin,et al.Geophysical response of the Liuhua carbonate platform in Northern South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2011,31(4):105-112.]
[34]赵撼霆,吴时国,马玉波,等.南海珠江口盆地东沙隆起区生物礁演化模式[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(1):43-50.[ZHAO Hanting,WU Shiguo,MA Yubo,et al.An evolutionary model of Bio-reefs at the Dongsha uplift,Zhujiangkou Basion,South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2012,32(1):43-50.]
[2] Chen P,Lu Y C,Wang Z F,et al.Structure and control factor of organic reef in southern uplift area of Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Journal of Earth Science,2012,23(4):597-611.
[3] Chip S,Patrick P,Jian D L.Liuhua 11-1Field,South China Sea:A shallow carbonate reservoir eveloped using ultrahighresolution 3Dseismic,inversion,and attribute-based reservoir modeling[J].The Leading Edge,2011,19(8):834-844.
[4] Epting M.Sedimentology of Miocene carbonates buildups,central Luconia,Offshore Sarawak[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia,1980(12):17-30.
[5] Epting M.The Miocene carbonate buildups of central Luconia,Offshore Sarawak[J].AAPG Studies in Geology,1987(27):168-173.
[6] Erlich R N,Barrett S F,Guo B J.Seismic and geologic characteristics of drowning events on carbonate platforms[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(10):1523-1537.
[7] Liu J,Shi H,Du J,et al.Forming conditions and exploration direction of reef oil-gas pool in carbonate platform of Dongsha Massif[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2007,26(1):22-27.
[8] Kusumastuti A,Van R V,Warren J K.Seismic sequence analysis and reservoir potential of drowned Miocene carbonate platforms in the Madura Strait,East Java,Indonesia[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(2):213-232.
[9] Heldt M,Lehmann J,Bachmann M,et al.Increased terrigenous influx but no drowning:palaeoenvironmental evolution of the Tunisian carbonate platform margin during the Late Aptian[J].Sedimentology,2010,57(2):695-719.
[10] Ronchi P,Ortenzi A,Borromeo O,et al.Depositional setting and diagenetic processes and their impact on the reservoir quality in the Late Visean-Bashkirian Kashagan carbonate platform(Pre-Caspian Basin,Kazakhstan)[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(9):1313-1348.
[11] Harris P M.Delineating and quantifying depositional facies patterns in carbonate reservoirs:in sight from modern analogs[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(1):61-86.
[12] Snyder W,ClaudeSpinosa,Davydov V,et al.Petroleum geology of the Southern Pre-Uralian Fore deep with reference to the Northeastern Pre-Caspian Basin[J].International Geology Review,1994,36(5):452-472.
[13] Vest E L.Oil fields of Pennsylvanian-Permian Horseshoe at Oil,West Texas[M]//Halbouty M.T.Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields.AAPG Memoir,1970:185-203.
[14] Wu S,Yuan S,Zhang G,et al.Seismic characteristics of a reef carbonate reservoir and implications for hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater of the Qiongdongnan Basin,Northern South China Sea[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2008,26(6):817-823.
[15] Yao Y,Liu H,Yang C,et al.Characteristics and evolution of Cenozoic sediments in the Liyue Basin,SE South China Sea[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,60(Complete):114-129.
[16] Ma Y Z,Seto A,Gomez E.Depositional facies analysis and modeling of the Judy Creek reef complex of the Upper Devonian Swan Hills,Alberta,Canada:Reply[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,93(9):1235-1256.
[17] Zampetti V,Schlager W.Architecture and growth history of a Miocene carbonate plateform from 3Dseismic reflection data:Luconia Province,Offshore Sarawak,Malaysia[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(5):517-534.
[18] Vahrenkamp V C.Miocene carbonates of the Luconia Province,offshore Sarawak:implication for regional geology and reservoir properties from Strontium-isotope stratigraphy[J].Geological Society of Malaysia,1998(42):1-13.
[19]陈国威.南海生物礁及礁油气藏形成的基本特征[J].海洋地质动态,2003,19(8):32-37.[CHEN Guowei.Basic characteristics of formation of bioherm and reef oil-gas pools in the South China Sea[J].Marine Geology Letters,2003,19(8):32-37.]
[20]陈雷,陆永潮,王振峰.南海西部深水区台缘结构、生物礁发育特征及控制因素分析[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(6):607-612.[CHEN Lei,LU Yongchao,WANG Zhenfeng,et al.Structure of carbonate platform margin and characteristics of reef and their controlling factors in western deep-water region of South China Sea[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2011,33(6):607-612.]
[21]方念乔,刘豪,李琦,等.南海新生代碳酸盐沉积与区域构造演化[J].地学前缘,2013,20(5):227-234.[FANG Nianqiao,LIU Hao,LI Qi,et al.The pattern of carbonate sedimentation and its relation to the evolution of the South China Sea in Cenozoic[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(5):227-234.]
[22]吕炳全,徐国强,王红罡,等.南海新生代碳酸盐台地淹没事件记录的海底扩张[J].地质科学,2002,37(4):405-414.[LV Bingquan,XU Guoqiang,WANG Honggang,et al.Sea floor spreading recorded by drowning events of Cenozoic carbonate platforms in the South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2002,37(4):405-414.]
[23]吕彩丽,姚永坚,吴时国,等.南沙海区万安盆地中新世碳酸盐台地的地震响应与沉积特征[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):931-938.[LV Caili,YAO Yongjian,WU Shiguo,et al.Seismic responses and sedimentary characteristics of the Miocene Wan'an carbonate platform in the Southern South China Sea[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2011,36(5):931-938.]
[24]李鹏春,赵中贤,张翠梅,等.南沙海域礼乐盆地沉积过程和演化[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):837-844.[LI Pengchun,ZHAO Zhongxian,ZAHNG Cuimei,et al.Depositional process and evolution of Liyue Basin in Southern South China Sea[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2011,36(5):837-844.]
[25]马玉波,吴时国,杜晓慧,等.西沙碳酸盐岩建隆发育模式及其主控因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(4):59-67.[MA Yubo,WU Shiguo,DU Xiaohui,et al.Evolutionary model and control factors of Xisha carbonate buildup[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2011,31(4):59-67.]
[26]马玉波,吴时国,谷明峰,等.西沙海区碳酸盐台地地震反射特征及沉积模式[J].海洋学报,2010,32(4):118-128.[MA Yubo,WU Shihuo,GU Mingfeng,et al.Seismic reflection characteristics and depositional model of carbonate platforms in Xisha sea area[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2010,32(4):118-128.]
[27]曾鼎乾.北部湾石炭纪礁油藏简介[M]//中国生物礁与油气.北京:海洋出版社,1996:152-156.[ZENG Dingqian.The introduction to the carboniferous reef reservoir in Beibu Bay[M]//The Reef and Oil Gas Resource in China.Beijing:China Ocean Press,1996:152-156.]
[28]吴时国,袁圣强,董冬冬,等.南海北部深水区中新世生物礁发育特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(2):117-121.[WU Shiguo,YUAN Shengqiang,DONG Dongdong,et al.The Miocene reef development characteristics in Northern South China Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2009,40(2):117-121.]
[29]吴时国,赵学燕,董冬冬,等.南沙海区礼乐盆地碳酸盐台地地震响应及发育演化[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):807-814.[WU Shiguo,ZHAO Xueyuan,DONG Dongdong,et al.Seismic response and development of carbonate platform in Liyue Basin,Nansha Sea Area[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2011,36(5):807-814.]
[30]卫平生,刘全新,张景廉,等.再论生物礁与大油气田的关系[J].石油学报,2006,27(2):38-42.[WEI Pingsheng,LIU Quanxin,ZHANG Jinglian,et al.Re discussion of relationship between reef and giant oil gas fields[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(2):38-42.]
[31]魏喜,邓晋福,谢文彦,等.南海盆地演化对生物礁的控制及礁油气藏勘探潜力分析[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):245-252.[WEI Xi,DENG Jinfu,XIE Wenyan,et al.Constraints on biogenetic reef formation during evolution of the South China Sea and exploration potential analysis[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):245-252.]
[32]魏喜.西沙海域晚新生代礁相碳酸盐岩形成条件及油气勘探前景[D].中国地质大学(北京),2006.[WEI Xi.Forming condition of Late-Cenozoic reef facies carbonate rocks in Xisha Sea Area and their oil and gas exploration potential[D].China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2006.]
[33]张广旭,吴时国,朱伟林,等.南海北部陆坡流花碳酸盐台地地球物理响应[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(4):105-112.[ZHANG Guangxu,WU Shiguo,ZHU Weilin,et al.Geophysical response of the Liuhua carbonate platform in Northern South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2011,31(4):105-112.]
[34]赵撼霆,吴时国,马玉波,等.南海珠江口盆地东沙隆起区生物礁演化模式[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(1):43-50.[ZHAO Hanting,WU Shiguo,MA Yubo,et al.An evolutionary model of Bio-reefs at the Dongsha uplift,Zhujiangkou Basion,South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2012,32(1):43-50.]