广西工厂化循环水养殖石斑鱼水质处理效果
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摘要
通过集成海水养鱼、生化处理、设施工程、环境工程、电器自控和水质监控等技术,建立一套适合广西地区应用的工厂化循环水石斑鱼养殖系统。该养殖系统处理流程为:鱼池→沉淀池→蛋白质分离器→生物滤池→海马齿浮床→紫外杀菌,生物滤池包括A、B、C三个通道,A、B通道均由珊瑚石作为一、二级生物过滤和生化球作为三级过滤,C通道由珊瑚石作为一级过滤和椰子壳碎作为二、三级过滤。结果显示:沉淀池处理可以显著降低鱼池的COD,氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮和磷酸盐的质量浓度(P<0.05);经海马齿浮床系统处理后,硝酸盐氮质量浓度显著低于沉淀池、蛋白质分离器处理池、生物滤池A、B通道(P<0.05);整体上,C通道水质指标略低于A、B通道,但差异不明显(P>0.05)。该研究结果可为广西沿海发展循环水养殖技术以及养殖生产方式转变提供可靠的科学数据和技术参考。
Through integration of seawater fish farming,biochemical treatment,facilities engineering,environmental engineering,electrical automation,water quality monitoring and other technologies,a set of industrial recirculating aquaculture system for Epinephelus suitable for Guangxi was established.Processing order of the aquaculture system was fish pond,settling pond,protein separator,biological filter,floating system of Sesuvium portulacastrum and ultraviolet sterilization treatment.Biological filter included A,B and C channels,where coral stone was selected as primary and secondary biological filtration in A and B channels and biochemical ball as tertiary filtration.In C channel,coral stone was selected as primary filtration and coconut shell shiver was selected as secondary and tertiary filtration.The results showed that the mass concentration of COD,NH_4~+-N,NO_2~--N,NO_3~--N and PO_4~(3-) in fish ponds could be significantly reduced by the treatment of settling pond(P<0.05).The mass concentration of NO_3~--N in the floating system of Sesuvium portulacastrum was significantly lower than that in the settling pond,protein separator treatment pond,biological filter A and B channels(P<0.05).In general,the water quality in channel C was slightly lower than channel A and channel B,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).The results of this study can provide reliable scientific data and technical support for the development of recirculating aquaculture technology and the transformation of aquaculture mode along the coast of Guangxi.
Through integration of seawater fish farming,biochemical treatment,facilities engineering,environmental engineering,electrical automation,water quality monitoring and other technologies,a set of industrial recirculating aquaculture system for Epinephelus suitable for Guangxi was established.Processing order of the aquaculture system was fish pond,settling pond,protein separator,biological filter,floating system of Sesuvium portulacastrum and ultraviolet sterilization treatment.Biological filter included A,B and C channels,where coral stone was selected as primary and secondary biological filtration in A and B channels and biochemical ball as tertiary filtration.In C channel,coral stone was selected as primary filtration and coconut shell shiver was selected as secondary and tertiary filtration.The results showed that the mass concentration of COD,NH_4~+-N,NO_2~--N,NO_3~--N and PO_4~(3-) in fish ponds could be significantly reduced by the treatment of settling pond(P<0.05).The mass concentration of NO_3~--N in the floating system of Sesuvium portulacastrum was significantly lower than that in the settling pond,protein separator treatment pond,biological filter A and B channels(P<0.05).In general,the water quality in channel C was slightly lower than channel A and channel B,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).The results of this study can provide reliable scientific data and technical support for the development of recirculating aquaculture technology and the transformation of aquaculture mode along the coast of Guangxi.
引文
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[20]巫晓杰,申玉春,叶宁,等.海马齿对氮、磷吸收利用速率的初步研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(20):92-96.
[2] 雷霁霖,杨永泉.我国海水封闭式工厂化养殖探讨[J].中国渔业经济研究,1999(1):20-21.
[3] 王峰,雷霁霖,高淳仁,等.国内外工厂化循环水养殖模式水质处理研究进展[J].中国工程科学,2013,15(10):16-23.
[4] 倪琦,雷霁霖,张和森,等.我国鲆鲽类循环水养殖系统的研制和运行现状[J].渔业现代化,2010,38(4):1-9.
[5] 王林娜,田永胜,唐江,等.云纹石斑鱼、鞍带石斑鱼及杂交“云龙斑”肌肉营养成分分析及品质评价[J].水产学报,2018,42(7):1085-1094.
[6] 蒋魁,徐力文,苏友禄,等.两株珍珠龙趸病原性哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)的分离与鉴定[J].生态科学,2017,36(6):16-24.
[7] ACKEFORS H,ENELL M.The release of nutrients and organic matter from aquaculture system sin Nordic countries[J].Appl Ichthyol,1994,10:225-241.
[8] 程启云,韩世成,曹广斌,等.工厂化水产养殖中的悬浮物处理技术[J].水产学杂志,2014,27(2):61-72.
[9] 宋德敬,李振瑜,鲁伟,等.新型高效过滤器的研究[J].海洋水产研究,2003,24(4):51-56.
[10]姜辉.工厂化养殖水处理方法及预排污系统的研究与设计[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2007.
[11]杨超,孙建明,徐哲,等.循环水高密度养殖珍珠龙胆石斑鱼效果研究[J].渔业现代化,2016,43(3):18-22.
[12]曹涵.循环水养殖生物滤池滤料挂膜及其水处理效果研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[13]LIU H,CHE X,ZHANG Y L.Performance of sequencing microbead biofilters in a recirculating aquaculture system[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2013,52:80-86.
[14]MARTINS C I M,EDING E H,VERDEGEM M C J,et al.New developments in recirculating aquaculture systems in Europe:A perspective on environmental sustainability[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2010,43(3):83-93.
[15]王威,曲克明,朱建新,等.3种滤料生物滤器的挂膜与黑鲷幼鱼循环水养殖效果[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(5):833-840.
[16]宋奔奔,单建军,刘鹏.循环水养殖中不同载体生物滤器的水质净化效果分析[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(24):8198-8200.
[17]王际英,乔洪金,李宝山,等.活化炉渣作为生物滤料在循环式海水工厂化养殖中的应用[J].渔业现代化,2014,41(3):1-10.
[18]林永青,吴佳鑫,郑新庆,等.浮床栽培海马齿对海水中悬浮颗粒物清除作用的实验研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2011,50(5):909-914.
[19]窦碧霞,黄建荣,李连春,等.海马齿对海水养殖系统中氮、磷的移除效果研究[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(5):94-99.
[20]巫晓杰,申玉春,叶宁,等.海马齿对氮、磷吸收利用速率的初步研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(20):92-96.