生物膜电极反应器去除地下水中硝酸氮的研究进展
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摘要
地下水中硝酸氮的污染日益严重。目前主要的处理技术有物理法、化学法和生物法等,但这些方法都存在控制条件严格、去除效率低和产生二次污染等缺点。生物膜电极反应器(biofilm electrode reactor,BER)是一种新型的地下水硝酸盐处理技术,具有处理效率高、选择性好、无二次污染的优点。其中,三维生物膜电极反应器(3D-BER)通过填充颗粒电极可有效增加电极的反应面积,并为生物膜的附着提供良好的条件,电流效率大大提高。该文对应用于去除地下水硝酸氮的生物膜电极反应器进行了综述,包括反应器结构、电极材料、反硝化机理和电流强度、pH值、溶解氧等关键参数,并对反应器存在问题和应用前景进行展望。
The contamination of nitrate in groundwater is becoming serious now.Current techniques used to remove nitrate from water primarily include physical,chemical and biological processes.The disadvantages of these technologies include needing strict control condition,low removal efficiency and second pollution with excess organic carbon.Biofilm electrode reactor(BER) is a new type of technique which combines electrochemistry with biofilm metabolism and has best selectivity,high removal efficiency and free second pollution.The three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactor increases the contact area of the electrode for denitrification bacteria by filling particulate filler between anode and cathode to improve the current efficiency greatly.This paper reviewed the structure of the BER,electrode material,denitrification mechanism and some key parameters,such as current intensity,pH and dissolved oxygen,etc.for BER used on removing nitrate from groundwater.Some exist problem and application were prospected.
The contamination of nitrate in groundwater is becoming serious now.Current techniques used to remove nitrate from water primarily include physical,chemical and biological processes.The disadvantages of these technologies include needing strict control condition,low removal efficiency and second pollution with excess organic carbon.Biofilm electrode reactor(BER) is a new type of technique which combines electrochemistry with biofilm metabolism and has best selectivity,high removal efficiency and free second pollution.The three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactor increases the contact area of the electrode for denitrification bacteria by filling particulate filler between anode and cathode to improve the current efficiency greatly.This paper reviewed the structure of the BER,electrode material,denitrification mechanism and some key parameters,such as current intensity,pH and dissolved oxygen,etc.for BER used on removing nitrate from groundwater.Some exist problem and application were prospected.
引文
[1]吴耀国.地下水环境中反硝化作用.环境污染处理技术与设备[J],2002,3(3):27-31.
[2]张燕.地下水硝酸盐污染的控制对策及去除技术[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(3):254-256.
[3]金赞芳,李文鹏,潘志彦,等.地下水硝酸盐去除方法[J].水处理技术,2006(32):34-37.
[4]Prosnanskya M,Sakakibara Y,Kuroda M.High-rate denitrification and SS rejection by biofilm-electrode reactor(BER)combined with microfiltration[J].Water Research,2002,36(9):4801-4810.
[5]Ho II Park,Dong kun Kim,Yong-Jin Choi,et al.Nitrate reduction using an electrode as direct electron donor in a biofilm electrode reactor[J].Process Biochemistry,2005,(40):3383-3388.
[6]庞朝晖,张敏,张帆.电极生物膜处理地下水中的硝酸盐氮实验研究[J].水处理技术,2010,36(5):93-95.
[7]范彬,曲久辉,刘锁祥,等.复三维电极-生物膜反应器脱除饮用水中的硝酸盐[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(1):39-43.
[8]Zhao Y X,Feng C P,Wang Q H,et al.Nitrate removal from ground water by cooperating heterotrophic with autotrophic denitrification in a biofilm elcetrode reactor[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,192(3):1033-1039.
[9]Sun Y P,Qiu O,Xu W L,Scott K.A study of the performance of a sparged packed bed electrode reactor for the direct electrochemical oxidation of propylene[J].Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry,2001,503(1):36-44.
[10]Xiong Y,He C,Karlsson H T,et al.Performance of three-phase three-dimensional electrode reactor for the reduction of COD in simulated wastewater-containing phenol[J].Chemosphere,2003,50(1):131-136.
[11]Yan L,Ma H,Wang B,et al.Electrochemical treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater with three-dimensional multi-phase electrode[J].Desalination,2011,276:397-402.
[12]Zhou M,Fu W,Gu H,et al.Nitrate removal from groundwater by a novel three-dimensional electrode biofilm reactor[J].Electrochimica Acta,2007,52(19):6052-6059.
[13]Shrimali M.singh K P.New methods of nitrate removal from water[J].Environmental Pollution,2001,112(3):351-359.
[14]范彬,曲久辉.饮用水中硝酸盐的脱除[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2000,1(3):44.
[15]郭一令,王铮,薛梅,等.旋转电极型生物反应器的脱氮研究[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(2):9-11.
[16]曲久辉,范彬,刘锁祥,等.电解产酚自养反硝化去除地下水中硝酸盐氮的研究[J].环境科学,2001,22(6):49-52.
[17]Sakakibara Y.Electric prompting and control of denitrification[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1993,42(4):535-537.
[18]FloraJRV,Suidan M T,Islam S,et al.Numerical modeling of a biofilm electrode reactor used for enhanced denitrification[J].Water Science and Technology,1994,29(10-11):517-524.
[19]Feleke Z,Araki K,Sakakibara Y,et al.Selective reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas in a biofilm-electrode reactor[J].Water Research,1998,32(9):2728-2734.
[20]邱凌峰.电极生物膜发反硝化作用初探[J].福建环境,1999,16(6):21.
[21]Wang H Y,Qu J.Combined bioelectrochemical and sulfur autotrophic denitrification for drinking water treatment[J].Water Research,2003,37(15):3767-3775.
[22]王涛,姜迪友.电极生物膜法去除地下水中的硝酸盐[J].资源与环境,2013,11(11):106-107.
[23]Park H 1,]i S K,Dong K K,et al.Nitrate-reducing bacterial community in a biofilm electrode reactor[J].Enzyme and mierobial technology,2006,39(3):453-458.
[24]Vlyssides A,Barampouti E M,Mai S,et al.Degradation of methylparathion in aqueous solution by electrochemical oxidation[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2004,38(22):6125-6131.
[25]Sakakibara Y,Flora J R V,Suidan M T,et al.Measurement of mass transfer coefficients with an electrochemical method using dilute electrolyte solutions[J].Water Research,1994,28(5):1077-1086.
[26]姚静华.复三维电极-生物膜反应器脱除饮用水中硝酸盐的试验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[27]胡传侠.固定化三维电极-生物膜法去除二级生化出水中硝酸盐氮的研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2007.
[28]鲍立宁,黄显怀,攀美珍,等.电极生物膜反应器中反硝化菌的初步研究[J].生物学杂志,2005,22(60):33-35.
[29]Kurodat M,Watanabe T,Umedu Y.Simultaneous COD Removal and denitrification of wastewater by bioelectro reactors[J].Water Science and Technology,1997,35(8):161-168.
[30]黄显怀,包立宁,马利民.电极生物膜法处理水中硝酸盐氮的实验研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003,35(12):1486-1488.
[31]Ghafari S,Aroua M K,Hasan M.Control of pH during water denitrification in an upflow bio-electrochemical reactor(UBER)using a pumparound system[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2010,72(3):401-405.
[32]黄民生,高廷耀.电极生物膜法反硝化的实验研究[J].上海环境科学,1996,15(6):25-27.
[33]吕江维,刘佳,沈宏,等.溶解氧对电极生物膜反硝化性能的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学报,2011,43(2):24-29.
[34]Rodgers J D,Jedral W,Bunce N J.Electrochemical oxidation of chlorinated phenols[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1999,33(9):1453-1457.
[35]张彦浩,谢康,钟佛华,等.pH对氢自养型反硝化菌反硝化性能的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2010,32(4):40-43.
[36]冯玉杰,沈宏,杨靖明,等.电极生物膜法反硝化工艺条件及过程[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2008,40(12):1956-1961.
[37]杨群,杨昌柱,陈建平,等.电极-生物膜前后置条件下的反硝化脱氮性能比较[J].水处理技术,2007,33(11):31-33.
[38]郭玉凤,崔建升,韩忠宵,等.三维电极电解法处理生活污水的研究[J].河北科技大学学报,2003,24(2):27-30.
[39]Zhang Lehua,Jia Jinping,Wang Yalin,et al.Improved denitrifieation of municipal sludge in biofilm-electrode reactor[J].Chemical Research in Chinese Universities,2004,20(4):392-395.
[40]汤兵,朱又春,许燕滨,等.电极-生物过程除氮的实验研究[J].环境工程,2003,21(5):19-23.
[2]张燕.地下水硝酸盐污染的控制对策及去除技术[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(3):254-256.
[3]金赞芳,李文鹏,潘志彦,等.地下水硝酸盐去除方法[J].水处理技术,2006(32):34-37.
[4]Prosnanskya M,Sakakibara Y,Kuroda M.High-rate denitrification and SS rejection by biofilm-electrode reactor(BER)combined with microfiltration[J].Water Research,2002,36(9):4801-4810.
[5]Ho II Park,Dong kun Kim,Yong-Jin Choi,et al.Nitrate reduction using an electrode as direct electron donor in a biofilm electrode reactor[J].Process Biochemistry,2005,(40):3383-3388.
[6]庞朝晖,张敏,张帆.电极生物膜处理地下水中的硝酸盐氮实验研究[J].水处理技术,2010,36(5):93-95.
[7]范彬,曲久辉,刘锁祥,等.复三维电极-生物膜反应器脱除饮用水中的硝酸盐[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(1):39-43.
[8]Zhao Y X,Feng C P,Wang Q H,et al.Nitrate removal from ground water by cooperating heterotrophic with autotrophic denitrification in a biofilm elcetrode reactor[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,192(3):1033-1039.
[9]Sun Y P,Qiu O,Xu W L,Scott K.A study of the performance of a sparged packed bed electrode reactor for the direct electrochemical oxidation of propylene[J].Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry,2001,503(1):36-44.
[10]Xiong Y,He C,Karlsson H T,et al.Performance of three-phase three-dimensional electrode reactor for the reduction of COD in simulated wastewater-containing phenol[J].Chemosphere,2003,50(1):131-136.
[11]Yan L,Ma H,Wang B,et al.Electrochemical treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater with three-dimensional multi-phase electrode[J].Desalination,2011,276:397-402.
[12]Zhou M,Fu W,Gu H,et al.Nitrate removal from groundwater by a novel three-dimensional electrode biofilm reactor[J].Electrochimica Acta,2007,52(19):6052-6059.
[13]Shrimali M.singh K P.New methods of nitrate removal from water[J].Environmental Pollution,2001,112(3):351-359.
[14]范彬,曲久辉.饮用水中硝酸盐的脱除[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2000,1(3):44.
[15]郭一令,王铮,薛梅,等.旋转电极型生物反应器的脱氮研究[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(2):9-11.
[16]曲久辉,范彬,刘锁祥,等.电解产酚自养反硝化去除地下水中硝酸盐氮的研究[J].环境科学,2001,22(6):49-52.
[17]Sakakibara Y.Electric prompting and control of denitrification[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1993,42(4):535-537.
[18]FloraJRV,Suidan M T,Islam S,et al.Numerical modeling of a biofilm electrode reactor used for enhanced denitrification[J].Water Science and Technology,1994,29(10-11):517-524.
[19]Feleke Z,Araki K,Sakakibara Y,et al.Selective reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas in a biofilm-electrode reactor[J].Water Research,1998,32(9):2728-2734.
[20]邱凌峰.电极生物膜发反硝化作用初探[J].福建环境,1999,16(6):21.
[21]Wang H Y,Qu J.Combined bioelectrochemical and sulfur autotrophic denitrification for drinking water treatment[J].Water Research,2003,37(15):3767-3775.
[22]王涛,姜迪友.电极生物膜法去除地下水中的硝酸盐[J].资源与环境,2013,11(11):106-107.
[23]Park H 1,]i S K,Dong K K,et al.Nitrate-reducing bacterial community in a biofilm electrode reactor[J].Enzyme and mierobial technology,2006,39(3):453-458.
[24]Vlyssides A,Barampouti E M,Mai S,et al.Degradation of methylparathion in aqueous solution by electrochemical oxidation[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2004,38(22):6125-6131.
[25]Sakakibara Y,Flora J R V,Suidan M T,et al.Measurement of mass transfer coefficients with an electrochemical method using dilute electrolyte solutions[J].Water Research,1994,28(5):1077-1086.
[26]姚静华.复三维电极-生物膜反应器脱除饮用水中硝酸盐的试验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[27]胡传侠.固定化三维电极-生物膜法去除二级生化出水中硝酸盐氮的研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2007.
[28]鲍立宁,黄显怀,攀美珍,等.电极生物膜反应器中反硝化菌的初步研究[J].生物学杂志,2005,22(60):33-35.
[29]Kurodat M,Watanabe T,Umedu Y.Simultaneous COD Removal and denitrification of wastewater by bioelectro reactors[J].Water Science and Technology,1997,35(8):161-168.
[30]黄显怀,包立宁,马利民.电极生物膜法处理水中硝酸盐氮的实验研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003,35(12):1486-1488.
[31]Ghafari S,Aroua M K,Hasan M.Control of pH during water denitrification in an upflow bio-electrochemical reactor(UBER)using a pumparound system[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2010,72(3):401-405.
[32]黄民生,高廷耀.电极生物膜法反硝化的实验研究[J].上海环境科学,1996,15(6):25-27.
[33]吕江维,刘佳,沈宏,等.溶解氧对电极生物膜反硝化性能的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学报,2011,43(2):24-29.
[34]Rodgers J D,Jedral W,Bunce N J.Electrochemical oxidation of chlorinated phenols[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1999,33(9):1453-1457.
[35]张彦浩,谢康,钟佛华,等.pH对氢自养型反硝化菌反硝化性能的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2010,32(4):40-43.
[36]冯玉杰,沈宏,杨靖明,等.电极生物膜法反硝化工艺条件及过程[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2008,40(12):1956-1961.
[37]杨群,杨昌柱,陈建平,等.电极-生物膜前后置条件下的反硝化脱氮性能比较[J].水处理技术,2007,33(11):31-33.
[38]郭玉凤,崔建升,韩忠宵,等.三维电极电解法处理生活污水的研究[J].河北科技大学学报,2003,24(2):27-30.
[39]Zhang Lehua,Jia Jinping,Wang Yalin,et al.Improved denitrifieation of municipal sludge in biofilm-electrode reactor[J].Chemical Research in Chinese Universities,2004,20(4):392-395.
[40]汤兵,朱又春,许燕滨,等.电极-生物过程除氮的实验研究[J].环境工程,2003,21(5):19-23.