枣皮中生物蜡的提取及性质研究
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摘要
生物蜡广泛存在于自然界一切有生命的动植物中,因含有多种有效成分和功能在医药及化妆品等行业受到广泛关注。枣具有抗疲劳、抗衰老及增强免疫等多种生物功效,枣皮中的生物蜡必然具有不同于其他蜡质的特殊功能。本研究以枣皮为材料,分别考察了提取剂、温度、时间以及料液比等不同因素对枣蜡提取率的影响,确定了提取最佳工艺条件;并对提取得到的生物蜡的理化性质和主要成分进行了初步研究。结果表明,综合考虑枣皮生物蜡提取以无乙醇为提取剂效果最好,其它最佳提取条件为:料液比1∶13(W∶V)、提取温度50℃、提取时间35min,最终枣蜡得率为7.0%。提取所得样品的酸值为109.9,皂化值为130.8,酯值20.9,平均相对分子量为1284.4。通过紫外和红外光谱分析,样品中含有的主要官能团有:-OH、C-H、C-H、C=O、苯环、Ar-O、R-O,推测其主要组成为有机酸、酯类、芳香醚、芳香醇等成分。
Bio-wax widely exists in all living animals and plants,and it has got great attention in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry because of its effective component and function.Jujube is anti-fatigue,anti-aging and can be utilized to enhance our immunity;therefore the bio-wax in the jujube peels must have special function.Jujube peel was used as original material and the effect of extracting agent,temperature,time and the ration of material and liquid were studied.The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:the absolute ethyl alcohol was used as extracting agent.The ratio of material to solvent was 1 ∶ 13,extraction at 50℃ for 35min.The yield was 7.0%.The acid value was 109.9mgKOH/g,the saponification value was 130.8mgKOH/g and ester value for wax was 20.9 mg KOH/g.The average molecular weight was 1284.4.Analyzed with UV and IR,the main functional groups in the sample were:-OH,C-H,C-H,C=O,Ar-O,R-O,and main compounds were organic acid,aromatic ether,esters and aromatic alcohol.
Bio-wax widely exists in all living animals and plants,and it has got great attention in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry because of its effective component and function.Jujube is anti-fatigue,anti-aging and can be utilized to enhance our immunity;therefore the bio-wax in the jujube peels must have special function.Jujube peel was used as original material and the effect of extracting agent,temperature,time and the ration of material and liquid were studied.The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:the absolute ethyl alcohol was used as extracting agent.The ratio of material to solvent was 1 ∶ 13,extraction at 50℃ for 35min.The yield was 7.0%.The acid value was 109.9mgKOH/g,the saponification value was 130.8mgKOH/g and ester value for wax was 20.9 mg KOH/g.The average molecular weight was 1284.4.Analyzed with UV and IR,the main functional groups in the sample were:-OH,C-H,C-H,C=O,Ar-O,R-O,and main compounds were organic acid,aromatic ether,esters and aromatic alcohol.
引文
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[2]樊君,高续春,郭璞,等.大孔吸附树脂分离纯化枣渣中三萜酸的研究[J].离子交换与吸附,2008,24(5):426-433.
[3]李会军,李萍,余国基.枣的研究进展及开发前景[J].中国野生植物资源,2007,18(3):15-19.
[4]王桐,石丽花,陈惠.枣皮中食用色素的提取工艺及其稳定性研究[J].中国食品添加剂,2006,5:72-76.
[5]李志洲,杨海涛.枣皮红色素的提取及其稳定性研究[J].氨基酸和生物资源,2004,26(4):4-7.
[6]王有琼,段琼芬,赵虹,等.绿色产品—生物蜡[J].中国林副特产,2002,3:28-29.
[7]黄文忠,谢启明.从甘蔗渣中提取天然产物蜡的研究[J].楚雄师专学报,2001,16(3):76-78.
[8]周小云,陈信波,徐向丽,等.稻叶表皮蜡质提取方法及含量的比较[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,33(3):273-276.
[9]张建云,李志国,包松莲,等.正交设计优化胭脂虫蜡的提取工艺[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(3):95-96.
[10]史伯安,胡卫兵,瞿万云,等.漆籽漆蜡(油)提取方法的研究[J].中国油脂,2004,29(7):44-47.