家用风冷冰箱微生物污染调查及铜材料抗菌效果研究
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摘要
[目的]通过家用风冷冰箱微生物污染调查及铜箔抗菌效果研究,了解风冷冰箱中的主要微生物种类,并验证铜材料对其抗菌性能。[方法]通过社区卫生服务中心随机抽取10户家庭风冷冰箱进行金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、单增李斯特菌、沙门氏菌5种微生物的采样检验,并参照GB 21551.2—2010《家用和类似用途电器的抗菌、除菌、净化功能抗菌材料的特殊要求》中的方法评价铜箔对其中4种微生物的抗菌效果。[结果]家用风冷冰箱细菌总数总超标率为8.7%;其中风道口部位细菌总数超标率最高,为15.0%。真菌总数总超标率为17.5%;其中风流经处部位真菌总数超标率最高,为35.0%。腊样芽孢杆菌总超标率为17.5%;其中储物箱背面腊样芽孢杆菌超标率最高,为45.0%。37℃和4℃培养下铜箔对4种常见微生物(蜡样芽胞杆菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、单增李斯特菌、沙门氏菌)的抗菌率均在99%以上。[结论]受调查的家用风冷冰箱存在一定的微生物污染,部分冰箱中条件致病菌有检出。铜箔对冰箱内4种常见微生物均具有抗菌效果。
[Objective] To investigate the microbial contamination in household air-cooled refrigerators,identify major microbial species,and verify antibacterial effect of copper.[Methods] Ten household air-cooled refrigerators were selected randomly by a community health service center to collect samples for determination of five microbes including Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,Versinia bacteria,Listeria monocytogenes,and Salmonella.Antibacterial effect of copper was evaluated referring to the national standard Antibacterial and cleaning function for household and similar electrical appliances-Particular requirements of material(GB 21551.2-2010).[Results] The disqualified rates for total bacterial count,total fungal count,and Bacillus cereus detected in the household air-cooled refrigerators were 8.7%,17.5%,and17.5%,separately.Highest disqualified rates for the above three indicators were found at air ducts(15.0%),places covered by cooled air(35.0%),and back of storage box(45.0%).The antibacterial rates of copper against four common microorganisms(Bacillus cereus,Versinia bacteria,Listeria monocytogenes,and Salmonella) were all above 99% under 37 ℃ or 4 ℃ bacterial culturing.[Conclusion] The investigated household air-cooled refrigerators present microbial contamination.Opportunistic pathogens are detected in several refrigerators.Copper shows antibacterial effects on four common microorganisms found in refrigerators.
[Objective] To investigate the microbial contamination in household air-cooled refrigerators,identify major microbial species,and verify antibacterial effect of copper.[Methods] Ten household air-cooled refrigerators were selected randomly by a community health service center to collect samples for determination of five microbes including Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,Versinia bacteria,Listeria monocytogenes,and Salmonella.Antibacterial effect of copper was evaluated referring to the national standard Antibacterial and cleaning function for household and similar electrical appliances-Particular requirements of material(GB 21551.2-2010).[Results] The disqualified rates for total bacterial count,total fungal count,and Bacillus cereus detected in the household air-cooled refrigerators were 8.7%,17.5%,and17.5%,separately.Highest disqualified rates for the above three indicators were found at air ducts(15.0%),places covered by cooled air(35.0%),and back of storage box(45.0%).The antibacterial rates of copper against four common microorganisms(Bacillus cereus,Versinia bacteria,Listeria monocytogenes,and Salmonella) were all above 99% under 37 ℃ or 4 ℃ bacterial culturing.[Conclusion] The investigated household air-cooled refrigerators present microbial contamination.Opportunistic pathogens are detected in several refrigerators.Copper shows antibacterial effects on four common microorganisms found in refrigerators.
引文
[1]沈成灵,李原芳,祁文静,等.氧化亚铜纳米颗粒与金黄色葡萄球菌的相互作用[J].中国科学B辑:化学,2008,38(12):1100-1104.
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[4]樊凉萍.冷冻食品微生物危害现状及预防措施分析[J].中国保健营养,2013(2):511-512.
[5]崔万吉,杨德隆,辛桂芬,等.冰箱细菌污染及消毒效果观察[J].消毒与灭菌,1989(4):238.
[6]王亦平,刘守仁,王文德,等.家用冰箱细菌与真菌污染调查[J].中国消毒学杂志,1995,12(2):121.
[7]王玲,杨会,陈艺,等.加强医院冰箱管理降低医院感染调查[J].中国误诊学杂志,2008,8(26):6552.
[8]张丽萍,高涛,张克俭,等.食品中单增李斯特菌检验方法的应用研究[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2014,24(3):366-371.
[9]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB 21551.2—10家用和类似用途电器的抗菌、除菌、净化功能抗菌材料的特殊要求[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[10]Dugleux G,Coutour X L,Hecquard C,et al.Septicemia caused by contaminated parenteral nutrition pouches:the refrigerator as an unusual cause[J].JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr,1991,15(4):474-475.
[11]羊宋贞,冯广达,姚青,等.家庭冰箱中的微生物种类调查[J].生物技术通报,2013(2):195-200.
[12]钱海雷,沈春琳,金奇昂,等.公交客车空调铜、铝翅片散热器抑菌性能对比分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2011,1(1):33-35,39.
[2]郝庆功,孙玉伟,赵山庆,等.对不同用户家用电冰箱的卫生细菌学实验研究与探讨[J].中国卫生检验杂志,1993,3(3):179-180,188.
[3]刘振,吴旭东,刘宗东.冷冻食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌检测[J].中国公共卫生,2005,21(11):1322.
[4]樊凉萍.冷冻食品微生物危害现状及预防措施分析[J].中国保健营养,2013(2):511-512.
[5]崔万吉,杨德隆,辛桂芬,等.冰箱细菌污染及消毒效果观察[J].消毒与灭菌,1989(4):238.
[6]王亦平,刘守仁,王文德,等.家用冰箱细菌与真菌污染调查[J].中国消毒学杂志,1995,12(2):121.
[7]王玲,杨会,陈艺,等.加强医院冰箱管理降低医院感染调查[J].中国误诊学杂志,2008,8(26):6552.
[8]张丽萍,高涛,张克俭,等.食品中单增李斯特菌检验方法的应用研究[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2014,24(3):366-371.
[9]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB 21551.2—10家用和类似用途电器的抗菌、除菌、净化功能抗菌材料的特殊要求[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[10]Dugleux G,Coutour X L,Hecquard C,et al.Septicemia caused by contaminated parenteral nutrition pouches:the refrigerator as an unusual cause[J].JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr,1991,15(4):474-475.
[11]羊宋贞,冯广达,姚青,等.家庭冰箱中的微生物种类调查[J].生物技术通报,2013(2):195-200.
[12]钱海雷,沈春琳,金奇昂,等.公交客车空调铜、铝翅片散热器抑菌性能对比分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2011,1(1):33-35,39.